There are 25 total parts in Indian Constitution currently, but it did not begin this way. When the Constitution came into force on 26 January 1950, it had 22 Parts, 395 Articles, and 8 Schedules. With time, new areas of governance were added through constitutional amendments, so the structure became wider and more detailed.
For example, Fundamental Duties were added as Part IVA, Panchayats as Part IX, Municipalities as Part IXA, Co-operative Societies as Part IXB, and Tribunals as Part XIVA. One interesting fact is that Part VII is no longer active because it was repealed after the reorganisation of states.
The parts of the Constitution make it easier to understand India’s legal and governance system topic by topic, from rights and duties to elections, emergency powers, official language, and constitutional amendments. Below, you will get a full list of every part of Indian Constitution with its Articles and subject.
Parts of Indian Constitution: List
This is the full list of all parts of Constitution of India:
| Part | Articles Covered | Subject |
| Part I | Articles 1–4 | The Union and its Territory |
| Part II | Articles 5–11 | Citizenship |
| Part III | Articles 12–35 | Fundamental Rights |
| Part IV | Articles 36–51 | Directive Principles of State Policy |
| Part IVA | Article 51A | Fundamental Duties |
| Part V | Articles 52–151 | The Union |
| Part VI | Articles 152–237 | The States |
| Part VIII | Articles 239–242 | Union Territories |
| Part IX | Articles 243–243O | Panchayats |
| Part IXA | Articles 243P–243ZG | Municipalities |
| Part IXB | Articles 243ZH–243ZT | Co-operative Societies |
| Part X | Articles 244–244A | Scheduled and Tribal Areas |
| Part XI | Articles 245–263 | Relations Between the Union and the States |
| Part XII | Articles 264–300A | Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits |
| Part XIII | Articles 301–307 | Trade, Commerce and Intercourse Within India |
| Part XIV | Articles 308–323 | Services Under the Union and the States |
| Part XIVA | Articles 323A–323B | Tribunals |
| Part XV | Articles 324–329A | Elections |
| Part XVI | Articles 330–342A | Special Provisions Relating to Certain Classes |
| Part XVII | Articles 343–351 | Official Language |
| Part XVIII | Articles 352–360 | Emergency Provisions |
| Part XIX | Articles 361–367 | Miscellaneous |
| Part XX | Article 368 | Amendment of the Constitution |
| Part XXI | Articles 369–392 | Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions |
| Part XXII | Articles 393–395 | Short Title, Commencement, Authoritative Text in Hindi and Repeals |
Part I: The Union and Its Territory
Part I of Indian Constitution covers Articles 1 to 4. It explains India as a Union of States and tells what comes under the territory of India. It also gives Parliament the power to create new states, change state boundaries, rename states, or merge areas. This Part is important because it tells how India is arranged as a country.
Part II: Citizenship
Part II of Indian Constitution covers Articles 5 to 11. It deals with citizenship in India. It explains who was considered a citizen when the Constitution started and gives Parliament the power to make citizenship laws.
For students, this Part is important because citizenship decides who gets full legal rights and duties as an Indian citizen.
Part III: Fundamental Rights
Part III covers Articles 12 to 35. This is one of the most important Parts of the Constitution. It gives people rights like equality, freedom of speech, protection from exploitation, freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, and the right to move the court when rights are violated. It protects people from unfair action by the State.
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Part IV: Directive Principles of State Policy
Part IV of Constitution of India covers Articles 36 to 51. These are guidelines for the government. They tell the State to work for social justice, education, health, equal pay, better working conditions, village development, and public welfare. These principles cannot be directly enforced in court, but they guide law-making and policy decisions.
Part IVA: Fundamental Duties
Part IVA covers Article 51A. It lists the duties of Indian citizens. These include respecting the Constitution, National Flag and National Anthem, protecting public property, preserving culture, promoting harmony, protecting the environment, and developing scientific temper. This Part reminds us that citizens should not only claim rights but also perform duties.
Part V: The Union
Part V of Constitution covers Articles 52 to 151. It explains the structure of the Union government. It covers the President, Vice-President, Prime Minister, Council of Ministers, Parliament, Supreme Court, Attorney General, and CAG. In simple words, this Part tells how the central government of India works.
Part VI: The States
Part VI of Indian Constitution covers Articles 152 to 237. It explains how state governments work. It covers the Governor, Chief Minister, Council of Ministers, State Legislature, High Courts, and lower courts. This Part is important because India has both central and state governments, and both have their own roles.
Part VIII: Union Territories
Part VIII of Indian Constitution covers Articles 239 to 242. It deals with Union Territories. These areas are different from regular states because they are generally administered by the President through an administrator or Lieutenant Governor.
Delhi and Puducherry have special arrangements with elected governments. This Part helps you understand how Union Territories are governed.
Part IX: Panchayats
Part IX of Indian Constitution covers Articles 243 to 243O. It deals with Panchayats in villages. It explains Gram Sabha, Panchayat elections, reservation, duration, powers, and responsibilities. This Part is important because it brings democracy to the village level and gives local people a role in development.
Part IXA: Municipalities
Part IXA covers Articles 243P to 243ZG. It deals with local government in cities and towns. It includes Municipal Corporations, Municipal Councils, and Nagar Panchayats. This Part of the Constitution explains how urban areas manage local issues like roads, water, sanitation, planning, and basic services.
Part IXB: Co-operative Societies
Part IXB covers Articles 243ZH to 243ZT. It deals with co-operative societies. These are member-based organisations formed for common economic or social benefit. This Part of the Constitution talks about their formation, elections, management, and functioning. It was added to make co-operative societies more democratic and accountable.
Part X: Scheduled and Tribal Areas
Part X covers Articles 244 to 244A. It deals with Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas. These areas need special protection because of their tribal communities, culture, land rights, and local needs. This Part of Indian Constitution is linked with the Fifth and Sixth Schedules of the Constitution.
Part XI: Relations Between the Union and the States
Part XI covers Articles 245 to 263. It explains how power is divided between the Union and State governments. It covers law-making powers, administrative relations, and coordination between governments. This Part of the Constitution helps students understand India’s federal system, where power is shared between the Centre and States.
Part XII: Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits
Part XII covers Articles 264 to 300A. It deals with money matters of the government. It covers taxes, distribution of revenue, government borrowing, government property, contracts, and legal cases involving the Union or States. It also includes Article 300A, which protects property from being taken without legal authority.
Part XIII: Trade, Commerce and Intercourse Within India
Part XIII covers Articles 301 to 307. It supports free trade and movement of goods across India. This means trade should not be unfairly blocked between states. At the same time, reasonable restrictions can be made in public interest. This Part of the Constitution of India helps maintain economic unity in the country.
Part XIV: Services Under the Union and the States
Part XIV covers Articles 308 to 323. It deals with government jobs and civil services. It includes recruitment, service conditions, Public Service Commissions, and protection given to civil servants. This Part of Indian Constitution is important because government officers help run the administration and implement laws.
Part XIVA: Tribunals
Part XIVA covers Articles 323A and 323B. It deals with tribunals. Tribunals are special bodies created to decide specific types of disputes, such as service matters, tax matters, labour matters, and land-related issues. They help reduce the burden on regular courts and provide faster decisions in certain cases.
Part XV: Elections
Part XV covers Articles 324 to 329A. It deals with elections in India. It gives the Election Commission of India the power to conduct and supervise elections. This Part of the Constitution is very important because free and fair elections are the base of democracy.
Part XVI: Special Provisions Relating to Certain Classes
Part XVI covers Articles 330 to 342A. It provides special provisions for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, backward classes, and some other groups. It includes reservation of seats and provisions related to representation. This Part of the Indian Constitution supports social justice and gives better political representation to historically disadvantaged communities.
Part XVII: Official Language
Part XVII covers Articles 343 to 351. It deals with the official language of the Union, use of Hindi and English, regional languages, and language used in courts. This Part of the Constitution of India is important because India has many languages, and the Constitution manages language use in a balanced way.
Part XVIII: Emergency Provisions
Part XVIII covers Articles 352 to 360. It deals with emergency situations. It includes National Emergency, President’s Rule in a State, and Financial Emergency. During such situations, the Union government gets special powers to handle war, armed rebellion, constitutional failure in a state, or financial crisis.
Part XIX: Miscellaneous
Part XIX covers Articles 361 to 367. It includes different provisions that do not fit under other specific Parts. It covers protection given to the President and Governors, definitions, and interpretation of constitutional terms. This Part of the Constitution helps in understanding how certain constitutional provisions should be read.
Part XX: Amendment of the Constitution
Part XX covers Article 368. It explains how the Constitution can be changed. Some changes need a special majority in Parliament, while some also need approval from at least half of the states. This Part of the Constitution keeps the Constitution flexible while protecting its core values.
Part XXI: Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions
Part XXI covers Articles 369 to 392. It contains temporary, transitional, and special provisions for certain states and situations. Some provisions were needed when the Constitution came into force, while others were made for special regional or administrative needs. This Part shows how the Constitution handles India’s diversity.
Part XXII: Short Title, Commencement, Authoritative Text in Hindi and Repeals
Part XXII covers Articles 393 to 395. It gives the official name of the Constitution, explains when it came into force, recognises the authoritative Hindi text, and repeals earlier constitutional laws. This is the closing Part of the Constitution.
Check Out important Legal Education resources here:
| Preamble to Constitution of India | Difference between Act and Law |
| How to study Law in India | How to Become a Lawyer in India |
| Highest Paying Legal Career Paths in India | Upcoming Law Entrance Exams in India |
Parts of the Constitution Added Later by Amendments
The original Constitution of India had 22 Parts. Later, some new Parts were added by amendments to the Indian Constitution to cover new areas like duties, local self-government, co-operative societies, and tribunals.
| Part Added Later | Subject | Added By | Why It Was Added |
| Part IVA | Fundamental Duties | 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 | To list the basic duties of Indian citizens toward the nation, Constitution, public property, environment, and society. |
| Part IX | Panchayats | 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 | To give constitutional status to village-level local self-government. |
| Part IXA | Municipalities | 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 | To give constitutional status to urban local bodies like Municipal Corporations and Municipal Councils. |
| Part IXB | Co-operative Societies | 97th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2011 | To improve democratic functioning, management, and accountability of co-operative societies. |
| Part XIVA | Tribunals | 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 | To create special tribunals for faster settlement of specific disputes. |
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All Parts of Indian Constitution PDF
Download our All Parts of Indian Constitution PDF and get the complete list of active Parts, Articles covered, subjects, important amendments, and exam-focused notes in one place.
FAQs About Parts of Indian Constitution
No specific Part of the Indian Constitution is completely unamendable. Parliament can amend any Part of the Constitution under Article 368. But Parliament cannot amend the Constitution in a way that destroys its “basic structure.”
Part IV of the Indian Constitution, which contains the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP), is not enforceable by law. This means you cannot directly go to court to enforce DPSPs like you can for Fundamental Rights.
There are 25 active Parts in the Indian Constitution at present.
The original Constitution had 22 Parts, 395 Articles, and 8 Schedules when it came into force on 26 January 1950.
Part VII is no longer active. It was repealed by the 7th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1956 after the reorganisation of states.
Part III deals with Fundamental Rights. It covers Articles 12 to 35 and includes important rights like Right to Equality, Right to Freedom, Right against Exploitation, Right to Freedom of Religion, Cultural and Educational Rights, and Right to Constitutional Remedies.
Part IV deals with Directive Principles of State Policy. It covers Articles 36 to 51. These principles guide the government in making laws and policies related to welfare, equality, education, health, social justice, and better living conditions.
Part IVA deals with Fundamental Duties. It includes Article 51A. These duties remind citizens to respect the Constitution, National Flag, National Anthem, public property, environment, culture, and national unity.
Part IX deals with Panchayati Raj.
Part V deals with the Union government. It covers Articles 52 to 151 and includes provisions related to the President, Vice-President, Prime Minister, Council of Ministers, Parliament, Supreme Court, Attorney General, and CAG.
Part VI deals with State governments. It covers Articles 152 to 237 and includes provisions related to the Governor, Chief Minister, Council of Ministers, State Legislature, High Courts, and subordinate courts.
Part XVIII deals with Emergency Provisions. It covers Articles 352 to 360 and includes National Emergency, President’s Rule in a State, and Financial Emergency.
Part XV deals with elections. It covers Articles 324 to 329A. It gives powers to the Election Commission of India to supervise and conduct elections to Parliament, State Legislatures, and the offices of President and Vice-President.
Part XX deals with amendment of the Constitution. It includes Article 368, which explains how changes can be made in the Constitution through the amendment process.
For students, Part III is one of the most important Parts because it covers Fundamental Rights. Apart from this, Part IV, Part IVA, Part V, Part VI, Part XV, Part XVIII, and Part XX are also very important for exams.
Part XVII deals with Official Language. It covers Articles 343 to 351 and includes provisions related to Hindi, English, regional languages, language of courts, and language-related directions.
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