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14 September 2026 Current Affairs (With PDF)

We bring you the most relevant and important news updates from around the world and India, specially curated for competitive exams and different entrance exams. Today's Current Affairs cover all significant national and international headlines, legal updates, economic news, and environmental highlights to boost your preparation. With our crisp, to-the-point coverage, you can confidently tackle current affairs questions in your exam.

BRICS: India’s Presidency and Significance

Why in News?

India is holding the BRICS Presidency in 2026 and is scheduled to host the 18th BRICS Summit in New Delhi.
Theme for India’s presidency is “Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability.”

Evolution of BRICS

The term “BRIC” was coined in 2001 by British economist Jim O’Neill to describe the emerging economies of Brazil, Russia, India and China.
The grouping was formally institutionalised in 2006.
It became BRICS in 2011 following the entry of South Africa.

Expansion of BRICS+

1. Full Members

The grouping expanded significantly in 2024 with the admission of Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates.
Indonesia was formally inducted as a full member in January 2025.
This brought the total number of full members to 11.

2. Partner Countries

BRICS has also developed a partner-country category, comprising 10 countries.
Countries such as Belarus, Malaysia, Nigeria, Thailand and Vietnam are part of this tier.
The arrangement seeks to accommodate wider international participation while retaining the grouping's ability to build consensus.

Key Ministerial Outcomes, 2026

1. Digital Agriculture

Establishment of Centres of Excellence for agro-ecology and regenerative agriculture.
Creation of a Digital Agriculture Network focusing on technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and geospatial tools.

2. Youth Cooperation

Adoption of the BRICS Youth Cooperation Framework 2026.
The framework aims to provide a structured basis for sustained cooperation under the Youth Track.

3. Health Cooperation

Launch of the Mission for Healthy Lifestyle.
Introduction of the BRICS Roadmap 2026–2029 to promote healthier lifestyles and address obesity and non-communicable diseases (NCDs).

4. Smart Energy

Launch of guiding principles for smart grids and energy storage.
Adoption of a Digital Centre of Excellence to facilitate knowledge exchange and pilot projects.

Global Significance of BRICS

1. Emerging Economic Counterweight

BRICS countries collectively account for more than 40% of global GDP in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms.
The expanded grouping represents around half of the world's population, giving it substantial economic and demographic weight.

2. Strategic Importance in Energy

The participation of major energy producers from the Middle East, along with Russia, gives BRICS considerable influence over global energy markets.
The grouping collectively accounts for around 40% of global crude oil production, strengthening its geopolitical significance.

3. Alternative Financial Architecture

Institutions such as the New Development Bank (NDB) and the Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA) seek to strengthen financial cooperation among emerging economies.
They also provide additional financing and financial-stability mechanisms for countries of the Global South.

4. Support for a Multipolar Order

BRICS has emerged as an important platform for articulating the interests of the Global South.
It advocates greater representation of developing economies in international institutions and reforms in global governance structures.

5. De-dollarisation Efforts

BRICS members are exploring greater use of local currencies and digital payment mechanisms for intra-group transactions.
Such efforts seek to reduce dependence on third-country currencies in cross-border trade.

Importance of BRICS for India

1. Preserving Strategic Autonomy

BRICS enables India to engage simultaneously with countries such as Russia and Iran while maintaining its strategic partnerships with Western countries.
It therefore supports India's approach of strategic autonomy and issue-based alignment.

2. Platform for Managing Bilateral Differences

The grouping provides a multilateral setting for diplomatic engagement among countries with competing interests.
BRICS meetings and sidelines can facilitate dialogue on issues such as India-China bilateral tensions.

3. Energy and Trade Security

The inclusion of major energy-producing countries, including the UAE and Iran, enhances India's engagement with important sources of energy.
This is particularly relevant for securing India's long-term energy supplies and trade interests amid instability in West Asia.

4. Counter-Terrorism Cooperation

The BRICS Counter-Terrorism Action Plan provides a framework for cooperation against Cross-border terrorism, Terror financing, Radicalisation, Related security threats
Cooperation includes information sharing and capacity building.

Key Challenges within BRICS

1. Geopolitical Conflicts

Persistent tensions among members can undermine the cohesion of the grouping.
Examples include the India-China border dispute and historical tensions involving Iran and Saudi Arabia.

2. Economic Imbalances

China's overwhelming economic weight creates an asymmetry within the grouping.
India faces concerns over trade imbalances and deficits, alongside apprehensions regarding excessive Chinese influence.

3. Political Diversity

BRICS brings together countries with widely differing political systems, strategic priorities and governance models.
Such diversity can make consensus difficult on sensitive issues, including global governance and human rights.

4. Divergent International Perceptions

Strong anti-Western rhetoric from some members, particularly Russia and Iran, can contribute to the perception of BRICS as an anti-US grouping.
This creates an additional diplomatic challenge for India, which seeks to maintain balanced relations with both Western and non-Western partners.

Digital India Land Records Modernisation Programme (DILRMP)

Why in News?

The Ministry of Rural Development has released the Operational Guidelines for DILRMP 3.0, marking the next phase of India’s efforts to modernise and integrate land-record administration.

About DILRMP

The Digital India Land Records Modernisation Programme (DILRMP) is a Central Sector Scheme under the Ministry of Rural Development.
It seeks to establish a modern, integrated and transparent land-record management system across the country.
Nodal Agency: Department of Land Resources, Ministry of Rural Development.

Evolution of the Programme

2008: Initiated as the National Land Records Modernisation Programme (NLRMP) under the Centrally Sponsored Scheme framework.
2016: Recast as a Central Sector Scheme and renamed DILRMP.
2026: The programme has entered its third phase, focusing on an integrated and interoperable GIS-based Land Stack.

Key Objectives

Modernise and digitise land-record administration.
Improve the accuracy, accessibility and transparency of land information.
Reduce land-related disputes and fraudulent transactions.
Facilitate easier access to authenticated land records.
Integrate land records with registration, surveying and revenue-court systems.

Major Components

Computerisation of Records of Rights (RoR)
Digitisation of cadastral maps
Survey and resurvey of land parcels
Computerisation of land registration
Establishment of modern record rooms
Integration with revenue courts and e-Courts

Three Phases of DILRMP

1. Phase I: 2008–2016

Focused on Digitisation of land records, Survey and resurvey, Modernisation of cadastral maps, Integration of registration and mutation processes.

2. Phase II: 2016–2026

Introduction of the Unique Land Parcel Identification Number (ULPIN).
Implementation of the National Generic Document Registration System (NGDRS).
Development of multilingual land records.
Digitisation of revenue-court systems.
Integration with e-Court platforms.

3. Phase III: 2026–2031

DILRMP 3.0 aims to create an integrated and interoperable GIS-based Land Stack.
It will extend digital land-record integration across rural, semi-urban and urban land parcels.

Major Initiatives under DILRMP

1. Bhu-Aadhaar / ULPIN

Bhu-Aadhaar provides a 14-digit alphanumeric Unique Land Parcel Identification Number (ULPIN).
The identifier is generated using geographical coordinates to uniquely identify a georeferenced land parcel.

2. National Generic Document Registration System (NGDRS)

NGDRS is a unified e-registration platform for land and property documents.
It facilitates Online deed entry, Payment of registration-related charges, Appointment scheduling, Document registration, Document searches.

3. Multilingual Land Records

Records of Rights (RoR) can be transliterated into any of the 22 Scheduled Languages.
This seeks to improve accessibility of land information and overcome language barriers.

4. Revenue Court Case Management System

Provides end-to-end digital management of revenue-court cases.
It facilitates integration between revenue litigation records and corresponding land records.

5. NAKSHA – DILRMP 3.0

NAKSHA focuses on developing GIS-integrated urban land records.
It uses technologies such as Aerial imagery, Drones, GNSS surveys, Web-GIS platforms

6. Land Stack

The Land Stack envisaged under DILRMP 3.0 seeks to integrate different categories of land-related information through interoperable digital systems.
It brings together Cadastral maps, Ownership information, Registration records, Court records, Land-use and planning data, Other relevant land information

India’s Path to Clear and Blue Skies

Why in News?

The International Day of Clean Air for Blue Skies was observed globally on 7 September.
The United Nations General Assembly designated the day in 2019 to highlight the importance of clean air and coordinated action against air pollution.
In India, the occasion is observed as Swachh Vayu Diwas.

Understanding Air Pollution

Air pollution occurs when harmful substances accumulate in the atmosphere at concentrations that adversely affect human health, ecosystems and the environment.
Pollutants may originate from both natural processes and anthropogenic activities.

Particulate Matter

Particulate Matter (PM) comprises tiny solid or liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere.
Based on particle size, two important categories are:
- PM10: Particles with a diameter of 10 micrometres or less.
- PM2.5: Fine particles measuring 2.5 micrometres or less in diameter.
Their small size allows fine particles, particularly PM2.5, to penetrate deep into the respiratory system and potentially enter the bloodstream.

India’s Initiatives to Combat Air Pollution

1. National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP)

The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) initially launched the National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (NAAQM) programme, which was subsequently renamed NAMP.
Objective: To periodically assess air pollution levels and identify their status and trends, particularly in urban areas.
Monitoring network: As of March 2026, the ambient air-quality monitoring network comprises 1,646 stations across 603 cities.
Real-time information: Air-quality information is made available through the SAMEER mobile application and web portal.

2. Air Pollution Monitoring Systems

Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring System (CAAQMS): Provides continuous monitoring of major pollutants, including PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀, Sulphur Dioxide (SO₂), Nitrogen Oxides (NOₓ), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Ozone (O₃), Ammonia (NH₃)
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring System (AAQMS):
- Provides a broader framework for monitoring particulate matter and gaseous pollutants.
- Parameters include PM₂.₅, PM₁₀, NO₂, SO₂, CO, O₃ and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), among others.
Online Continuous Emission Monitoring System (OCEMS): Enables direct and continuous monitoring of emissions from industrial sources.

3. Air Quality Index (AQI)

The AQI communicates the status of ambient air quality through six categories.
It considers eight major pollutants: PM₁₀, PM₂.₅, NO₂, SO₂, CO, O₃, NH₃, Lead (Pb)

4. National Clean Air Programme (NCAP)

Launched in 2019, the NCAP initially covered 130 cities.
It focuses on source-specific pollution mitigation through clean-air action plans implemented at the city, state and national levels.
PRANA Portal: PRANA (Portal for Regulation of Air-Pollution in Non-Attainment Cities) facilitates digital monitoring of the implementation of NCAP.
Swachh Vayu Survekshan:
- An annual assessment of cities under the NCAP framework.
- Launched in 2022–23, it evaluates the performance of 130 cities in implementing air-pollution control measures.

Sector-Wise Measures for Air Pollution Mitigation

1. Vehicular Emissions

BS-VI emission norms were introduced for vehicles from April 2020.
Electric mobility is being promoted through:
- PM E-Drive Scheme under the Ministry of Heavy Industries.
- PM E-Bus Sewa under the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.
Establishment of Registered Vehicle Scrapping Facilities (RVSFs) and Automated Testing Stations.
PARIVARTAN programme seeks to accelerate vehicle renewal and incentivise measures for reducing transport-related air pollution.

2. Industrial Emissions

The CPCB has classified 419 industrial sectors and sub-sectors according to their pollution potential: 125 Red, 137 Orange, 94 Green, 54 White, 9 Blue
The Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) has prescribed revised particulate-matter emission norms of 50 mg/Nm³ for specified polluting and large industries, applicable from 1 October 2026.
Industrial clusters are classified as Critically Polluted Areas (CPAs) or Severely Polluted Areas (SPAs) based on pollution levels.
Stricter CPCB IV+ emission standards apply to power generators up to 800 kW operating on diesel, gasoline or dual-fuel modes.

3. Road Dust and Construction Activities

Road dust and construction-related activities contribute around 40–50% of PM10 emissions in many cities, according to the NCAP.
State Pollution Control Boards and Pollution Control Committees are required to promote dust-control measures and anti-smog guns at construction sites exceeding 20,000 sq. metres.
Agencies responsible for roads and construction in the NCR are required to establish Dust Control and Management Cells.

4. Open Waste Burning

Waste-management frameworks cover:
- Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016, revised in 2026.
- Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016.
- Hazardous and Other Wastes Rules, 2016.
- E-Waste Management Rules, 2022.
- Battery Waste Management Rules, 2022.
- Biomedical Waste Management Rules, 2016.
Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) places responsibility on producers for managing post-consumer waste streams such as Plastic packaging, E-waste, Batteries, Tyres, Used oil
India has also prohibited 12 identified single-use plastic (SUP) items having low utility and high littering potential.

5. Crop-Residue and Biomass Burning

The CAQM has directed thermal power plants located within 300 km of Delhi, as well as captive power plants and brick kilns in the NCR, to undertake 5–10% biomass co-firing.
The CPCB provides financial assistance for establishing paddy-straw-based pelletisation and torrefaction plants in NCR States.

6. Afforestation and Expansion of Green Cover

(a) Green India Mission

Focuses on improving forest quality, ecological resilience and carbon sequestration.
As of March 2026, ₹1,019.26 crore had been released to States.

(b) CAMPA

The Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA) supports compensatory afforestation.
More than 3.20 lakh hectares were covered through compensatory afforestation between FY 2020–21 and 2024–25.

(c) Nagar Van Yojana

Launched in 2020 to promote urban green spaces.
Targets the development of 1,000 Nagar Vans and Vatikas by 2026–27.

(d) Aravalli Green Wall Initiative

Focuses on ecological restoration across Rajasthan, Gujarat, Haryana and Delhi.
Targets restoration of approximately 6.31 million hectares.
435 nurseries have been established with a combined capacity of 393.24 lakh seedlings.

(e) Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam

A major public environmental initiative aimed at encouraging mass participation in tree plantation and environmental conservation.

Bakhira Lake Reveals 25,000-Year Record of Indian Monsoon Variability

Why in News?

Researchers have reconstructed nearly 25,000 years of variations in the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) using magnetic minerals preserved in sediments beneath Bakhira Lake, Uttar Pradesh.
The sedimentary record provides insights into major climatic transitions and long-term changes in the Indian monsoon system.

Key Findings from the Study

The reconstructed climate record captures several significant climatic phases and events, including Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), Bølling–Allerød, Younger Dryas, Holocene Climatic Optimum and Relatively drier conditions during the Late Holocene

1. Environmental Magnetism as a Climate Proxy

Environmental magnetic measurements of lake sediments can serve as proxies for reconstructing past climatic and environmental conditions.
Variations in magnetic properties of sediments can reflect changes in Hydrology, Erosion, Sediment influx, Pedogenic processes (soil-forming processes)
Such sediment records help scientists understand how environmental conditions changed over thousands of years, providing a longer-term perspective on India's climate variability.

2. Significance

The study can improve understanding of the long-term behaviour of the Indian monsoon system.
Historical climate records of this nature can strengthen the scientific basis for Climate-change adaptation, Water-resource management, Drought and flood preparedness, Disaster-risk reduction and planning

Bakhira Lake

Location: Uttar Pradesh.
Type: A perennial oxbow/floodplain wetland.
Formation: Developed through the migration of the Rapti River followed by the eventual cut-off of a former river channel.
River System: Part of the Ghaghara–Rapti alluvial system.
Significance: One of the largest wetlands of Uttar Pradesh.
Ramsar Status: Designated as a Ramsar Site in 2022.

National Forest Martyrs Day

Why in News?

National Forest Martyrs Day is observed annually on 11 September to honour forest personnel who have lost their lives while protecting forests, wildlife and India’s natural heritage.
The day also commemorates the historic Khejarli sacrifice of 1730, associated with the Bishnoi community’s resistance to the destruction of Khejri trees.

Khejarli Sacrifice, 1730

In 1730, soldiers associated with the Jodhpur Kingdom arrived at Khejarli village in Rajasthan to cut Khejri trees.
Amrita Devi Bishnoi, along with other members of the Bishnoi community, opposed the felling of the trees.
The community resisted the tree-cutting by physically protecting the Khejri trees.
More than 360 people were killed, according to estimates, during the protest.
The sacrifice became a significant example of community-led environmental conservation and the Bishnoi tradition of protecting nature.

Amrita Devi Bishnoi Wildlife Protection Award

The Amrita Devi Bishnoi Wildlife Protection Award was instituted in 2021 by the Ministry of Environment and Forests.
It recognises individuals and institutions for significant contributions towards wildlife protection and conservation.

Defence Acquisition Council (DAC)

Why in News?

The Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) has granted Acceptance of Necessity (AoN) for capital acquisition proposals worth approximately ₹1.10 lakh crore.
The approvals are aimed at strengthening the combat preparedness and operational capabilities of the Indian Armed Forces.

About Defence Acquisition Council

The DAC is the apex decision-making body within the Ministry of Defence (MoD) for capital procurement and defence acquisition policy.
It is an executive body constituted through a Government Resolution in 2001.
Its establishment followed the recommendations of the Group of Ministers (GoM) constituted after the 1999 Kargil War to reform India’s national security management system.

1. Composition

The Council is chaired by the Defence Minister.
Its principal members include Chief of Defence Staff (CDS); Chiefs of the three Services — Army, Navy and Air Force; Defence Secretary; Other senior officials of the Ministry of Defence

2. Key Functions

Granting Acceptance of Necessity (AoN) for capital acquisition proposals.
Approving long-term capability development and acquisition plans.
Determining appropriate Make-or-Buy and indigenisation pathways.
Clearing major strategic and inter-governmental defence agreements.
Facilitating greater domestic defence production and self-reliance through procurement decisions.

First International Space Summit

Why in News?

The First International Space Summit was recently held in Paris, France, providing a platform for international dialogue on emerging challenges and opportunities in the space sector.
The Prime Minister of India, while addressing the summit virtually, outlined India’s long-term space ambitions, including establishing an indigenous space station by 2035 and sending an Indian astronaut to the Moon by 2040.

Key Objectives of the Summit

The summit sought to facilitate strategic discussions and international cooperation on the evolving space sector, particularly in areas such as Increasing utilisation of Low Earth Orbits (LEO), Developing and structuring the global space economy, Advancing lunar exploration and Addressing emerging challenges associated with the growing use of outer space.

Four Key Priorities

1. Security:

Ensuring the sustainability and security of space operations.
Addressing emerging risks associated with increasing activities in space.

2. Space Economy:

Promoting competitiveness, innovation and technological development.
Strengthening the economic potential of space-based activities.

3. Space as a Common Good:

Encouraging the responsible, sustainable and comprehensive management of outer space.
Promoting international cooperation for the peaceful use of space.

4. Space as a Fundamental Project:

Supporting scientific research and exploration of the universe.
Using space activities to drive technological advancement and scientific progress.

One-Liners

Exercise Samudra Laksamana: The 4th edition (2026) of the India–Malaysia maritime exercise is underway in Lumut, Malaysia, with the indigenously built Delhi-class guided-missile destroyer INS Mysore representing the Indian Navy.

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