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We bring you the most relevant and important news updates from around the world and India, specially curated for competitive exams and different entrance exams. Today's Current Affairs covers all significant national and international headlines, legal updates, economic news, and environmental highlights to boost your preparation. With our crisp, to-the-point coverage, you can confidently tackle current affairs questions in your exam.
Pradhan Mantri Dakshata Aur Kushalta Sampann Hitgrahi (PM-DAKSH) Scheme
Why in News?
Between 2020–21 and 2023–24, a total of 1,87,305 candidates were trained and 96,162 candidates were placed under the PM-DAKSH scheme.
About PM-DAKSH
- Full Name: Pradhan Mantri Dakshata Aur Kushalta Sampann Hitgrahi.
- Launch: 2020–21.
- Type: Central Sector Scheme.
- Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment.
- Objective: To improve the skill levels and employability of disadvantaged sections, thereby enhancing their family income. It also seeks to upgrade the skills of Safai Karamcharis, including waste pickers.
- Target Beneficiaries: Scheduled Castes, Other Backward Classes, Economically Weaker Sections, De-Notified Tribes and Safai Karamcharis, including waste pickers, among other eligible beneficiaries
|
Eligibility Criteria |
|
|
Age |
18–45 years |
|
Income limit for SCs |
No income limit |
|
Income limit for Safai Karamcharis, including waste pickers |
No income limit |
|
Income limit for DNTs |
No income limit |
|
Income limit for OBCs |
Annual family income below ₹3 lakh |
|
Income limit for EWSs |
Annual family income below ₹3 lakh |
Types of Training
- Up-skilling and Reskilling: Enhancing existing skills or acquiring new ones to improve employment prospects.
- Short-Term Training: Providing job-oriented training to improve employability.
- Entrepreneurship Development Programme (EDP): Developing skills and capabilities required to establish and manage entrepreneurial ventures.
Implementation and Funding
- Implementing Ministry: Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment.
- Implementing Agencies:
- National Scheduled Castes Finance and Development Corporation (NSFDC)
- National Backward Classes Finance and Development Corporation (NBCFDC)
- National Safai Karamcharis Finance and Development Corporation (NSKFDC) - Cost of Training: Determined according to the common norms prescribed by the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, varying with the duration of the course.
- Cost to Trainees: Training is provided free of cost.
Integration with PMKVY
- From 2024–25, the PM-DAKSH scheme was subsumed under the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship's Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) to avoid duplication of skill development initiatives.
Non-Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMDs)
Why in News?
India called for stronger measures at the United Nations General Assembly’s First Committee to prevent non-state actors from acquiring technologies that could be used to develop or deploy weapons of mass destruction.
About Weapons of Mass Destruction
- Weapons of Mass Destruction are weapons capable of causing extensive loss of life, severe destruction and widespread harm.
Major Categories
- Nuclear weapons: Release enormous energy through nuclear fission or fusion.
- Biological weapons: Use disease-causing organisms or biological agents to harm humans, animals or plants.
- Chemical weapons: Employ toxic chemicals to cause injury or death.
- Radiological weapons: Disperse radioactive material to contaminate an area and expose people to radiation.
UN General Assembly First Committee: Formally known as the Disarmament and International Security Committee, it deals with disarmament, global security challenges and threats to international peace.
|
Major Treaties and Export-Control Arrangements |
||
|
Instrument |
Main Objective |
India’s Position |
|
Nuclear Non-Proliferation |
Prevents the spread of |
India has not joined, |
|
Chemical Weapons |
Prohibits the development, |
India ratified it in 1996 |
|
Biological Weapons |
Prohibits the development, |
India is a State Party. |
|
Missile Technology |
Seeks to restrict the |
India became a member |
|
Wassenaar Arrangement |
Promotes transparency |
India joined in 2017. |
|
Nuclear Suppliers |
Coordinates controls on |
India’s membership |
|
Australia Group (AG) |
Coordinates export controls |
India became a member |
Key Institutional Details
- Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW): Implements and verifies compliance with the Chemical Weapons Convention.
- NPT-recognised nuclear-weapon states: China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States.
- Dual-use goods and technologies: Items that can serve legitimate civilian or commercial purposes but may also be diverted to military or WMD-related applications.
India’s Approach to WMD Non-Proliferation
1. Diplomatic and International Commitments
- India advocates strict implementation of the CWC and BWC and supports international efforts to prevent the proliferation of WMDs.
- Since 2002, India has annually sponsored a UN resolution aimed at preventing terrorists from acquiring WMDs.
- India emphasises the need to prevent non-state actors from accessing sensitive technologies, materials and delivery systems that could be misused for mass-casualty attacks.
2. Domestic Legal Framework: Weapons of Mass Destruction Act, 2005
- Official name: Weapons of Mass Destruction and their Delivery Systems (Prohibition of Unlawful Activities) Act, 2005.
- Objective: Prohibits unlawful activities relating to WMDs and their delivery systems, including their manufacture, acquisition, possession, development, transport, transfer and use, as specified under the Act.
- Amendment of 2022: Introduced provisions addressing the financing of prohibited WMD-related activities.
3. Section 12A — Financing of Prohibited Activities
- Prohibits financing activities prohibited under the Act.
- Empowers the Central Government to freeze, seize or attach funds, financial assets or economic resources of persons covered by the statutory provisions.
- Strengthens measures against the financing of WMD proliferation.
Major Challenges in WMD Non-Proliferation
- Non-state actors and terrorism: Terrorist organisations may seek access to dangerous materials, technical expertise or delivery capabilities.
- Dual-use technology: Civilian technologies and research can potentially be diverted towards prohibited weapons programmes.
- Verification gaps: The absence of a comprehensive verification mechanism under the BWC creates challenges for monitoring compliance.
- Export-control loopholes: Differences in national regulations and enforcement can create opportunities for illicit procurement networks.
- Emerging technologies: Advances in biotechnology, artificial intelligence and manufacturing may create new proliferation risks.
Emissions Gap Report 2026
Why in News?
The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) released its Emissions Gap Report 2026, warning that exceeding the 1.5°C global warming threshold is unavoidable without immediate and large-scale climate action.
About the Emissions Gap Report
- Released by: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
- Frequency: Annual.
- Purpose: Assesses the gap between projected global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions under countries’ climate commitments and the emission reductions required to achieve the temperature goals of the Paris Agreement.
- Key benchmark: Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), through which countries communicate their climate targets and actions.
Key Global Findings
A. Global Warming Projections
- Current policies: Projected to result in approximately 2.8°C of warming over this century.
- Full implementation of NDCs: Could limit projected warming to around 2.6°C.
- Lowest-overshoot pathway: Global temperatures peak at approximately 1.7–1.8°C around mid-century, before returning to 1.5°C or below by 2100. This pathway would require substantial carbon dioxide removal alongside deep emission reductions.
B. Required Emission Reductions
- Relative to 2025 levels, global emissions would need to decline substantially to bring warming back towards the Paris Agreement’s 1.5°C goal.
- These reductions would need to be supported by large-scale carbon dioxide removal to compensate for residual emissions and address temperature overshoot.
|
Target year |
Required reduction in global emissions |
|
2030 |
18% |
|
2035 |
45% |
|
2040 |
69% |
C. Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions
- Emissions in 2025: Approximately 58.4 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (GtCO₂e).
- Reported trend: Emissions declined slightly, as reductions associated with land use, land-use change and forestry offset rising fossil-fuel-related CO₂ emissions.
- G20 contribution: G20 members account for approximately 76% of global emissions.
- Country trends: Over the preceding decade, emissions increased in 124 countries and decreased in 63 countries.
India-Specific Findings
A. India’s Emissions Profile
- Global ranking: India ranks third in total greenhouse gas emissions.
- Per-capita emissions: Approximately 3.1 tonnes per person, compared with the global average of 6.4 tonnes.
- India’s per-capita emissions are therefore less than half the reported global average, highlighting the distinction between aggregate emissions and emissions per person.
B. Progress towards Climate Targets
- According to the supplied report findings, six G20 members are likely to meet their unconditional 2030 climate targets China, India, Indonesia, Russia, South Africa, Türkiye
C. Understanding India’s NDC Target
India’s GDP-based emissions-intensity target differs from an absolute emissions-reduction target.
- Emissions intensity: Measures emissions per unit of GDP.
- Absolute emissions: Measures the total quantity of greenhouse gases emitted.
- An improvement in emissions intensity can occur even when total emissions increase, provided emissions grow more slowly than GDP.
Thus, India can meet an emissions-intensity target while its total emissions rise alongside economic growth.
Index of Core Industries (ICI)
Why in News?
The Index of Core Industries recorded 7.9% growth in September 2026, the highest growth rate since the revised data series began in 2024, according to the supplied report.
About the Index of Core Industries
- Released by: Office of the Economic Adviser (OEA), Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
- Purpose: Measures changes in the production of key infrastructure-supporting industries that have a significant influence on overall industrial activity.
- Coverage: The revised index covers nine core industries, compared with eight in the earlier series.
- Revised base year: 2022–23.
- New addition: Iron ore, assigned a weight of 4.905%.
|
Industry |
Weight |
|
Electricity |
30.932% |
|
Refinery products |
22.572% |
|
Iron ore |
4.905% |
Industrial Performance in September 2026
- Overall index grew by 7.9%, with 6 sectors recording positive growth and 3 registering contraction.
|
Sector |
Growth |
|
Iron ore |
18.4% |
|
Electricity |
11.4% |
|
Coal |
10.7% |
|
Refinery products |
10.3% |
|
Cement |
9.8% |
|
Steel |
4.9% |
|
Sector |
Growth |
|
Fertilizer |
−11.7% |
|
Natural gas |
−4.6% |
|
Crude oil |
−1.4% |
Significance of the Index
- Industrial health: Provides an indication of production trends in key infrastructure-related industries.
- Economic analysis: Helps policymakers and analysts assess industrial performance and potential growth trends.
- Policy formulation: Supports decisions relating to infrastructure, energy and industrial development.
- Economic indicators: Core-sector performance is closely monitored alongside other indicators of industrial activity, including the Index of Industrial Production (IIP).
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