29 June 2026 Current Affairs (With PDF)

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Second Pax Silica Summit

Context

India and 34 other countries adopted the Joint Statement on AI Opportunity at the Second Pax Silica Summit in Washington, D.C., committing to a pro-growth, innovation-oriented approach to AI regulation.

Key Outcomes of the Second Summit

• 35 countries endorsed the Joint Statement on AI Opportunity, promoting innovation-friendly AI governance.
• Argentina, Germany, the Netherlands, Chile, Costa Rica, Greece, Kazakhstan, Panama, and the European Union joined the initiative.
• PaxPass was launched with a US$50 million commitment from the United States. Integrates Cargo verification, AI-powered risk assessment, Expedited customs processing for trusted AI-related shipments.
• Foundry School, a joint initiative of Stanford University and the U.S. State Department, was launched to train Entrepreneurs, Engineers, Advanced manufacturing professionals, Focuses on AI, semiconductor manufacturing, and advanced industrial technologies.

About Pax Silica

• Pax Silica is a US-led strategic initiative aimed at building secure, resilient, and trusted supply chains for technologies critical to the AI economy.
• The inaugural Pax Silica Declaration was signed in December 2025 by seven founding countries.
• India joined the initiative in February 2026 during the AI Impact Summit in New Delhi.
• As of 2026, the initiative has 35 signatories.

Scope of Pax Silica

• Software platforms, Frontier AI models, High-performance computing, Semiconductors and chip manufacturing, Advanced manufacturing, Logistics and trusted supply chains, Critical mineral processing and rare-earth refining, Energy infrastructure supporting AI ecosystems.

Objectives

• Build resilient and trusted AI supply chains.
• Reduce dependence on concentrated global supply chains.
• Promote innovation sovereignty by strengthening domestic technological capabilities through international collaboration.
• Counter excessive dependence on China's dominance in rare-earth refining and strategic technology supply chains.
• Enhance cooperation in AI manufacturing, research, and technology standards.

Global South as India–China Arena

Context (IE)

On the sidelines of the 16th BRICS National Security Advisers (NSA) Meeting in New Delhi, Ajit Doval met Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi. India hosted the meeting as the 2026 rotating BRICS Chair, but sharp differences on terrorism and cyber governance prevented the adoption of a joint statement.

India–China Divergence over the Global South

1. Strategic Exclusion

• India has convened three Voice of Global South Summits (VOGSS) since 2023, deliberately excluding China.
• Objective: Provide an independent platform to amplify the concerns and priorities of developing countries.

2. China's Hegemonic Pushback

• China's White Paper (June 2026) argues that "a Global South without China is a pseudo-proposition."
• It seeks to challenge India's independent Global South leadership narrative.

3. Governance Divergence

• India's Approach Reform existing global institutions such as G20, United Nations, Bretton Woods institutions and Promote inclusive and rules-based global governance.
• China's Approach: Advance alternative governance mechanisms through initiatives such as Global Development Initiative, Global Security Initiative, Global Civilization Initiative, Global Governance Initiative

4. Narrative Co-option

• China projects India and China as "co-anchors of the Global South."
• India views this as an attempt to subsume its independent leadership within a China-centric framework.

5. Sovereignty as a Precondition

• India maintains that normal bilateral relations require sensitivity to each other's core concerns, particularly Border peace and tranquillity and Respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity.
• Hence, meaningful Global South cooperation cannot be separated from unresolved border issues.

Implications of China's Growing Influence in the Global South

1. Geoeconomic Influence

• Through the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), China has expanded infrastructure and connectivity across the developing world.
• In South Asia, all countries except India and Bhutan participate in the BRI.

2. Infrastructure Financing Advantage

• Developing Asia requires nearly US$1.7 trillion annually in infrastructure investment through 2030.
• China's large-scale financing model provides a comparative advantage over India's Digital Public Infrastructure, Capacity-building programmes and Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation.

3. Strategic Containment

China has consistently opposed India's strategic aspirations by:

• Blocking India's membership in the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG).
• Resisting India's expanded strategic role in East Asian institutions.
• Seeking to confine India primarily to a South Asian regional role.

4. Consensus Dilution in BRICS

• Expansion of BRICS has increased the number of members perceived to be closer to Beijing.
• This makes it harder for India to build consensus on Counter-terrorism, Terror financing, Cybersecurity norms, Rules-based global governance.

5. Financial Asymmetry

• India's development partnerships include approximately US$32 billion in Lines of Credit extended to 68 countries.
• By comparison, China extended nearly US$240 billion in bailout lending alone to 22 developing countries between 2000 and 2021, reflecting its much larger financial footprint.

India's Strengths in the Global South

• Democratic governance and constitutional values.
• Leadership in Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) through platforms like UPI, Aadhaar, India Stack
• Demand-driven development partnerships.
• South-South cooperation through ITEC and Development assistance.
• Advocacy for reforms in multilateral institutions.
• Voice of Global South Summit (VOGSS) as an inclusive consultative platform.

Youth Co:Lab

Context

Six youth-led startups from across India won the 8th Youth Co:Lab National Innovation Challenge 2026, organised in collaboration with T-Hub Foundation.

About Youth Co:Lab

1. Youth Co:Lab:

• It is the Asia-Pacific’s largest youth-led social entrepreneurship initiative, launched in 2017 by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Citi Foundation.

2. In India:

• It was launched in 2019 through a partnership between UNDP India and the Atal Innovation Mission (AIM).

3. Objective:

• To empower young entrepreneurs, promote social innovation, and accelerate the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) across the Asia-Pacific region.

4. Support Offered:

• Seed funding for promising social enterprises.
• Mentorship, incubation, and capacity-building.
• Access to regional and global innovation networks.
• Market linkages and policy engagement opportunities.

5. Eligibility:

• Youth aged 15–29 years.
• Upper age limit extended to 35 years for women, Persons with Disabilities (PwDs), and other marginalised groups.

6. Focus Areas:

• Social entrepreneurship, climate action, digital innovation, inclusive development, livelihoods, education, healthcare, and sustainable technologies.

Netra AEW&C (Airborne Early Warning & Control)

Context

DRDO has handed over the Final Operational Clearance (FOC) of the indigenous Netra Airborne Early Warning & Control (AEW&C) system to the Indian Air Force (IAF).

About Netra AEW&C

• Developer: Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).
• Role: India's indigenous Airborne Early Warning & Control (AEW&C) system, often described as the nation's "Eye in the Sky."
• Platform: Mounted on the Embraer EMB-145 aircraft.
• Radar: Equipped with an Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) radar.
• Radar Coverage: 300°–360° surveillance.
• Detection Range: Approximately 250–500+ km, depending on the target and operational conditions.

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