Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2026-27: All Chapters CBSE PDF

Class 12th Physics Syllabus 2026-27: Overview

The CBSE Class 12 Physics syllabus 2026-27 is structured to test both theoretical understanding and practical application. It prepares students not just for board exams but also for competitive exams like JEE and NEET. The assessment pattern is divided into theory and practical components.

Component	Marks	Duration
Theory (10 Units)	70	3 Hours
Practical/Experiments	30	–
Total	100	–

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Get the official document of the class 12th physics syllabus for CBSE with complete unit-wise topics, marks distribution, exam pattern, and project guidelines. 

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Class 12th Physics Syllabus 2026-27

Let’s go through the CBSE class 12 physics syllabus in detail:

Unit I: Electrostatics

This unit in class XII physics syllabus deals with electric charges, forces, and fields. Students will understand Coulomb’s law, Gauss’s theorem, electric potential, and capacitors. It builds the foundation for electrostatics and its applications in daily life and technology.

Chapter No. & Name	Topics Covered
Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields	• Electric charges – properties • Coulomb’s law-force between charges • Electric field, field lines • Electric flux • Gauss’s law and applications
Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance	• Electrostatic potential, potential due to charge & system of charges • Equipotential surfaces • Potential energy of charges • Capacitors and capacitance • Combination of capacitors • Energy stored in capacitor

Unit II: Current Electricity

This unit in class 12th syllabus of physics explains current flow in conductors, Ohm’s law, resistivity, and circuits. It introduces Kirchhoff’s laws, Wheatstone bridge, and meter bridge, preparing students for electrical circuit analysis and applications.

Chapter No. & Name	Topics Covered
Chapter 3: Current Electricity	• Electric current, drift velocity • Ohm’s law • Electrical resistance, resistivity • Temperature dependence of resistance • Kirchhoff’s rules, applications • Wheatstone bridge • Meter bridge

Unit III: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

This unit in CBSE class 12th physics syllabus focuses on the relationship between electricity and magnetism. It includes Biot-Savart’s law, Ampere’s law, force on conductors, Earth’s magnetism, and properties of magnetic materials.

Chapter No. & Name	Topics Covered
Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism	• Biot-Savart law • Magnetic field due to current carrying conductor • Force on current-carrying wire • Torque on current loop • Ampere’s law
Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter	• Earth’s magnetic field and elements • Magnetisation and magnetic susceptibility • Magnetic materials (dia, para, ferro) • Hysteresis curve

Unit IV: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

This unit in class 12 CBSE physics syllabus explains induction, eddy currents, self and mutual induction, and transformers. It also covers alternating currents, resonance, reactance, and power in AC circuits.

Chapter No. & Name	Topics Covered
Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction	• Faraday’s laws • Lenz’s law • Eddy currents • Self and mutual induction • Inductance
Chapter 7: Alternating Current	• AC voltage across resistor, inductor, capacitor • LCR series circuit and resonance • Power in AC circuits • Transformers

Unit V: Electromagnetic Waves’

This unit in the syllabus of CBSE class 12 physics connects electricity and magnetism to explain electromagnetic waves. It introduces Maxwell’s equations, displacement current, electromagnetic spectrum, and uses of radiations.

Chapter No. & Name	Topics Covered
Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves	• Displacement current • Maxwell’s equations • Nature of electromagnetic waves • Spectrum and applications

Unit VI: Optics

This unit in class 12th physics syllabus 2026-27 explores ray optics and wave optics. It covers reflection, refraction, optical instruments, interference, diffraction, and polarization. It provides conceptual clarity on light phenomena and practical applications.

Chapter No. & Name	Topics Covered
Chapter 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments	• Reflection, refraction • Total internal reflection • Lens formula, magnification • Optical instruments – microscope, telescope
Chapter 10: Wave Optics	• Wavefront & Huygens principle • Reflection and refraction • Young’s double-slit experiment • Interference, diffraction• Polarization

Unit VII: Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation

This unit in class 12th physics syllabus 2026-27 introduces the quantum nature of light and matter. It explains photoelectric effect, Einstein’s equation, de Broglie’s hypothesis, and experimental proof, bridging classical and modern physics.

Chapter No. & Name	Topics Covered
Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter	• Photoelectric effect • Einstein’s photoelectric equation • Wave-particle duality • de Broglie hypothesis • Davisson-Germer experiment

Unit VIII: Atoms and Nuclei

This unit in CBSE class 12 physics syllabus focuses on atomic and nuclear physics. It covers Bohr’s model, hydrogen spectrum, nuclear composition, radioactivity, and nuclear energy processes.

Chapter No. & Name	Topics Covered
Chapter 12: Atoms	• Rutherford’s model • Bohr’s theory • Hydrogen spectrum
Chapter 13: Nuclei	• Nuclear structure • Radioactivity – alpha, beta, gamma • Mass-energy relation • Nuclear fission & fusion

Unit IX: Electronic Devices

This unit in CBSE class 12th physics syllabus introduces semiconductor electronics. Students learn about diodes, transistors, rectifiers, and logic gates. It connects physics to practical electronics and modern technology.

Chapter No. & Name	Topics Covered
Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits	• Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors • p-n junction diode • Zener diode • Rectifiers • Transistors • Logic gates (basic)

Unit X: Communication Systems

This unit in class 12 CBSE physics syllabus introduces the basics of communication technology. It covers modulation, transmission, signal propagation, and bandwidth requirements, linking physics to modern communication systems.

Chapter No. & Name	Topics Covered
Chapter 15: Communication Systems	• Elements of communication system • Modulation – need and types • AM modulation • Signal propagation • Bandwidth of signals

More Important Resources for CBSE Exam:

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CBSE Full Form	All about CBSE Class 11th
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Class 12 Physics Syllabus for Practical (30 Marks)

Practical work in Class 12 Physics helps students apply theoretical knowledge, perform experiments, and interpret data. The practical assessment includes experiments, activities, record keeping, and viva voce.

Component	Marks
Two Experiments (one from each section)	8 + 8 = 16
Practical Record (experiments + activities)	7
Viva Voce (based on experiments)	7
Total	30

Section A (Experiments on Electricity & Magnetism)

• To determine resistance per cm of a wire using a meter bridge.
• To verify Ohm’s law by plotting V-I graph.
• To determine the resistance of a given wire using meter bridge.
• To find resistance of a galvanometer by half-deflection method.
• To compare EMFs of two primary cells using potentiometer.
• To determine internal resistance of a cell using potentiometer.
• To convert a galvanometer into an ammeter and voltmeter.

Section B (Experiments on Optics & Modern Physics)

• To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting 1/v – 1/u graph.
• To determine focal length of a concave mirror using parallax method.
• To determine angle of minimum deviation using prism.
• To determine refractive index of a liquid using concave mirror.
• To study diffraction pattern of light using a single slit.
• To determine wavelength of light using a diffraction grating.
• To study characteristics of a p-n junction diode (forward and reverse bias).
• To study characteristics of a Zener diode.
• To study the input and output characteristics of a transistor.

Activities (Suggested)

• To measure resistance and impedance of LCR circuit.
• To study resonance in LCR series circuit.
• To draw I-V characteristic curves of LED.
• To observe diffraction of light using two slits.
• To construct truth table of basic logic gates (AND, OR, NOT).

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CBSE Class XII Physics Syllabus: Question Paper Design

The CBSE Class 12 Physics exam assesses students’ conceptual clarity, numerical ability, and application skills. The final assessment includes Theory (70 marks) and Practical (30 marks), making a total of 100 marks.

Theory Exam Pattern (70 Marks, 3 Hours):

Unit No.	Unit Name	Marks Weightage
I	Electrostatics	8
II	Current Electricity	7
III	Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism	8
IV	Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents	8
V	Electromagnetic Waves	3
VI	Optics	13
VII	Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation	6
VIII	Atoms and Nuclei	8
IX	Electronic Devices	7
X	Communication Systems	2
Total	–	70

Internal Assessment / Practical (30 Marks)

• Two Experiments: 16 Marks
• Practical Record (Experiments + Activities): 7 Marks
• Viva Voce: 7 Marks

Total = 30 Marks

Typology of Questions:

The Physics question paper will include a balanced mix of:

• Remembering & Understanding (40%) → Definitions, facts, basic concepts.
• Application (30%) → Numerical problems, formula-based questions.
• Analysis, Evaluation & Creativity (30%) → Higher-order questions, reasoning, derivations.

Explore the updated CBSE Class 12 syllabus for all subjects here:

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Tips to Prepare for CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2026-27

1. Stick to NCERT First

NCERT Physics books are the most important resource. Cover every chapter, derivation, example, and exercise. Most board exam questions come directly from NCERT, so completing it thoroughly should be your first priority.

2. Master Important Derivations

Derivations form a major chunk of long-answer questions. Practice them step by step, write neatly with proper symbols, and revise regularly. This improves both concept clarity and exam presentation.

3. Solve Numerical Problems Daily

Physics numericals are scoring if practiced well. Dedicate time each day to solving problems from NCERT and reference books. Focus on application-based questions from units like Current Electricity, Optics, and Electrostatics.

4. Prepare Short Notes for Revision

Maintain a separate notebook with formulas, laws, important definitions, and diagrams. These concise notes will save time during last-minute revision and help you retain concepts better.

5. Focus on High-Weightage Units

Give extra attention to units like Optics, Electrostatics, Magnetic Effects, and Atoms & Nuclei since they carry higher marks. A strong grip on these units can significantly boost your overall score.

6. Practice Diagrams and Graphs

Neat, well-labeled diagrams and graphs not only fetch extra marks but also make your answers more presentable. Practice ray diagrams in Optics, circuit diagrams in Electronics, and field line diagrams in Electrostatics.

7. Take Practicals Seriously

Practical work carries 30 marks, and it’s relatively easy to score. Perform each experiment carefully in the lab, maintain a clean practical record, and prepare for viva questions from your manual.

8. Solve Previous Year Papers & Sample Papers

Practicing past years’ papers and CBSE sample papers gives a clear idea of exam pattern, difficulty level, and time management. It also helps you identify important topics and recurring question types.

Chapters in Class 12 Physics

There are total 14 chapters in class 12th physics syllabus:

1. Electric Charges and Fields
2. Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
3. Current Electricity
4. Moving Charges and Magnetism
5. Magnetism and Matter
6. Electromagnetic Induction
7. Alternating Current
8. Electromagnetic Waves
9. Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
10. Wave Optics
11. Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
12. Atoms
13. Nuclei
14. Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

Suggested Project Topics for Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2026-27

Projects in Class 12 Physics encourage students to apply classroom learning in real-world contexts. They enhance observation, analytical, and experimental skills while making concepts easier to understand. Below are some useful project ideas:

• Verification of Ohm’s Law using a simple circuit.
• Comparative study of resistivity in different wires.
• Conversion of a galvanometer into an ammeter or voltmeter.
• Study of resonance in LCR circuits and conditions for maximum current.
• Construction and truth tables of basic logic gates (AND, OR, NOT) using diodes/transistors.
• Study of diffraction of light using a single slit or grating.
• Measurement of focal length of a convex lens using different methods.
• Study of input and output characteristics of a transistor.
• Analysis of photoelectric effect through a simple demonstration setup.
• Determination of refractive index of liquids using concave mirror or convex lens.
• Designing a working model of a transformer and testing efficiency.
• Communication system model to demonstrate modulation and transmission.

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