All Parts of Indian Constitution: Full List With Articles & PDF

Parts of Indian Constitution: List

This is the full list of all parts of Constitution of India:

Part	Articles Covered	Subject
Part I	Articles 1–4	The Union and its Territory
Part II	Articles 5–11	Citizenship
Part III	Articles 12–35	Fundamental Rights
Part IV	Articles 36–51	Directive Principles of State Policy
Part IVA	Article 51A	Fundamental Duties
Part V	Articles 52–151	The Union
Part VI	Articles 152–237	The States
Part VIII	Articles 239–242	Union Territories
Part IX	Articles 243–243O	Panchayats
Part IXA	Articles 243P–243ZG	Municipalities
Part IXB	Articles 243ZH–243ZT	Co-operative Societies
Part X	Articles 244–244A	Scheduled and Tribal Areas
Part XI	Articles 245–263	Relations Between the Union and the States
Part XII	Articles 264–300A	Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits
Part XIII	Articles 301–307	Trade, Commerce and Intercourse Within India
Part XIV	Articles 308–323	Services Under the Union and the States
Part XIVA	Articles 323A–323B	Tribunals
Part XV	Articles 324–329A	Elections
Part XVI	Articles 330–342A	Special Provisions Relating to Certain Classes
Part XVII	Articles 343–351	Official Language
Part XVIII	Articles 352–360	Emergency Provisions
Part XIX	Articles 361–367	Miscellaneous
Part XX	Article 368	Amendment of the Constitution
Part XXI	Articles 369–392	Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions
Part XXII	Articles 393–395	Short Title, Commencement, Authoritative Text in Hindi and Repeals

Part I: The Union and Its Territory

Part I of Indian Constitution covers Articles 1 to 4. It explains India as a Union of States and tells what comes under the territory of India. It also gives Parliament the power to create new states, change state boundaries, rename states, or merge areas. This Part is important because it tells how India is arranged as a country.

Part II: Citizenship

Part II of Indian Constitution covers Articles 5 to 11. It deals with citizenship in India. It explains who was considered a citizen when the Constitution started and gives Parliament the power to make citizenship laws. 

For students, this Part is important because citizenship decides who gets full legal rights and duties as an Indian citizen.

Part III: Fundamental Rights

Part III covers Articles 12 to 35. This is one of the most important Parts of the Constitution. It gives people rights like equality, freedom of speech, protection from exploitation, freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, and the right to move the court when rights are violated. It protects people from unfair action by the State.

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Article 14 of Indian Constitution

Article 15 of Indian Constitution

Part IV: Directive Principles of State Policy

Part IV of Constitution of India covers Articles 36 to 51. These are guidelines for the government. They tell the State to work for social justice, education, health, equal pay, better working conditions, village development, and public welfare. These principles cannot be directly enforced in court, but they guide law-making and policy decisions.

Part IVA: Fundamental Duties

Part IVA covers Article 51A. It lists the duties of Indian citizens. These include respecting the Constitution, National Flag and National Anthem, protecting public property, preserving culture, promoting harmony, protecting the environment, and developing scientific temper. This Part reminds us that citizens should not only claim rights but also perform duties.

Part V: The Union

Part V of Constitution covers Articles 52 to 151. It explains the structure of the Union government. It covers the President, Vice-President, Prime Minister, Council of Ministers, Parliament, Supreme Court, Attorney General, and CAG. In simple words, this Part tells how the central government of India works.

Part VI: The States

Part VI of Indian Constitution covers Articles 152 to 237. It explains how state governments work. It covers the Governor, Chief Minister, Council of Ministers, State Legislature, High Courts, and lower courts. This Part is important because India has both central and state governments, and both have their own roles.

Part VIII: Union Territories

Part VIII of Indian Constitution covers Articles 239 to 242. It deals with Union Territories. These areas are different from regular states because they are generally administered by the President through an administrator or Lieutenant Governor. 

Delhi and Puducherry have special arrangements with elected governments. This Part helps you understand how Union Territories are governed.

Part IX: Panchayats

Part IX of Indian Constitution covers Articles 243 to 243O. It deals with Panchayats in villages. It explains Gram Sabha, Panchayat elections, reservation, duration, powers, and responsibilities. This Part is important because it brings democracy to the village level and gives local people a role in development.

Part IXA: Municipalities

Part IXA covers Articles 243P to 243ZG. It deals with local government in cities and towns. It includes Municipal Corporations, Municipal Councils, and Nagar Panchayats. This Part of the Constitution explains how urban areas manage local issues like roads, water, sanitation, planning, and basic services.

Part IXB: Co-operative Societies

Part IXB covers Articles 243ZH to 243ZT. It deals with co-operative societies. These are member-based organisations formed for common economic or social benefit. This Part of the Constitution talks about their formation, elections, management, and functioning. It was added to make co-operative societies more democratic and accountable.

Part X: Scheduled and Tribal Areas

Part X covers Articles 244 to 244A. It deals with Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas. These areas need special protection because of their tribal communities, culture, land rights, and local needs. This Part of Indian Constitution is linked with the Fifth and Sixth Schedules of the Constitution.

Part XI: Relations Between the Union and the States

Part XI covers Articles 245 to 263. It explains how power is divided between the Union and State governments. It covers law-making powers, administrative relations, and coordination between governments. This Part of the Constitution helps students understand India’s federal system, where power is shared between the Centre and States.

Part XII: Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits

Part XII covers Articles 264 to 300A. It deals with money matters of the government. It covers taxes, distribution of revenue, government borrowing, government property, contracts, and legal cases involving the Union or States. It also includes Article 300A, which protects property from being taken without legal authority.

Part XIII: Trade, Commerce and Intercourse Within India

Part XIII covers Articles 301 to 307. It supports free trade and movement of goods across India. This means trade should not be unfairly blocked between states. At the same time, reasonable restrictions can be made in public interest. This Part of the Constitution of India helps maintain economic unity in the country.

Part XIV: Services Under the Union and the States

Part XIV covers Articles 308 to 323. It deals with government jobs and civil services. It includes recruitment, service conditions, Public Service Commissions, and protection given to civil servants. This Part of Indian Constitution is important because government officers help run the administration and implement laws.

Part XIVA: Tribunals

Part XIVA covers Articles 323A and 323B. It deals with tribunals. Tribunals are special bodies created to decide specific types of disputes, such as service matters, tax matters, labour matters, and land-related issues. They help reduce the burden on regular courts and provide faster decisions in certain cases.

Part XV: Elections

Part XV covers Articles 324 to 329A. It deals with elections in India. It gives the Election Commission of India the power to conduct and supervise elections. This Part of the Constitution is very important because free and fair elections are the base of democracy.

Part XVI: Special Provisions Relating to Certain Classes

Part XVI covers Articles 330 to 342A. It provides special provisions for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, backward classes, and some other groups. It includes reservation of seats and provisions related to representation. This Part of the Indian Constitution supports social justice and gives better political representation to historically disadvantaged communities.

Part XVII: Official Language

Part XVII covers Articles 343 to 351. It deals with the official language of the Union, use of Hindi and English, regional languages, and language used in courts. This Part of the Constitution of India is important because India has many languages, and the Constitution manages language use in a balanced way.

Explore Article 343 of the Indian Constitution in detail!

Part XVIII: Emergency Provisions

Part XVIII covers Articles 352 to 360. It deals with emergency situations. It includes National Emergency, President’s Rule in a State, and Financial Emergency. During such situations, the Union government gets special powers to handle war, armed rebellion, constitutional failure in a state, or financial crisis.

Part XIX: Miscellaneous

Part XIX covers Articles 361 to 367. It includes different provisions that do not fit under other specific Parts. It covers protection given to the President and Governors, definitions, and interpretation of constitutional terms. This Part of the Constitution helps in understanding how certain constitutional provisions should be read.

Part XX: Amendment of the Constitution

Part XX covers Article 368. It explains how the Constitution can be changed. Some changes need a special majority in Parliament, while some also need approval from at least half of the states. This Part of the Constitution keeps the Constitution flexible while protecting its core values.

Part XXI: Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions

Part XXI covers Articles 369 to 392. It contains temporary, transitional, and special provisions for certain states and situations. Some provisions were needed when the Constitution came into force, while others were made for special regional or administrative needs. This Part shows how the Constitution handles India’s diversity.

Part XXII: Short Title, Commencement, Authoritative Text in Hindi and Repeals

Part XXII covers Articles 393 to 395. It gives the official name of the Constitution, explains when it came into force, recognises the authoritative Hindi text, and repeals earlier constitutional laws. This is the closing Part of the Constitution.

Check Out important Legal Education resources here:

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Parts of the Constitution Added Later by Amendments

The original Constitution of India had 22 Parts. Later, some new Parts were added by amendments to the Indian Constitution to cover new areas like duties, local self-government, co-operative societies, and tribunals. 

Part Added Later	Subject	Added By	Why It Was Added
Part IVA	Fundamental Duties	42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976	To list the basic duties of Indian citizens toward the nation, Constitution, public property, environment, and society.
Part IX	Panchayats	73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992	To give constitutional status to village-level local self-government.
Part IXA	Municipalities	74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992	To give constitutional status to urban local bodies like Municipal Corporations and Municipal Councils.
Part IXB	Co-operative Societies	97th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2011	To improve democratic functioning, management, and accountability of co-operative societies.
Part XIVA	Tribunals	42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976	To create special tribunals for faster settlement of specific disputes.

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All Parts of Indian Constitution PDF

Download our All Parts of Indian Constitution PDF and get the complete list of active Parts, Articles covered, subjects, important amendments, and exam-focused notes in one place. 

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