1 November 2025 Current Affairs (With PDF)

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Integrated Cold Chain and Value Addition Infrastructure (ICCVAI) Scheme

The Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI) under the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada Yojana (PMKSY) is strengthening the ICCVAI Scheme to reduce post-harvest losses and improve food supply chains.

Overview

• Type: Demand-driven Central Sector Scheme.
• Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI).
• Parent Scheme: Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada Yojana (PMKSY).
• Objective: To establish integrated cold chain and value addition facilities from farm gate to consumer for perishable commodities.

Key Objectives

• Develop an end-to-end cold chain — from farm-level pre-cooling to retail distribution.
• Reduce post-harvest losses through modern preservation, packaging, and storage technologies.
• Promote value addition to extend the shelf life and marketability of produce.
• Ensure food safety, quality, and availability throughout the year.

Key Components

• Farm-Level Infrastructure: Pre-cooling and sorting units near production clusters.
• Processing Centres: Facilities for primary processing, grading, and packaging.
• Distribution Hubs: Centralized storage and dispatch points for efficient logistics.
• Refrigerated Transport: To maintain the cold chain across supply routes.

Eligible Beneficiaries

1. Individuals

• (including farmers)

2. Organizations:

• Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) / Companies (FPCs)
• NGOs / Self-Help Groups (SHGs)
• Public Sector Units (PSUs), Firms, Companies, Cooperatives, and Corporations

Complementary Government Initiatives

Significance

• Helps farmers prevent distress sales by enabling storage and processing.
• Strengthens India’s food value chain and export competitiveness.
• Supports Atmanirbhar Bharat by improving agro-logistics and reducing food wastage (estimated at ~15–20% of total produce).

China Files Complaint in WTO Against India’s PLI Schemes

China has filed a complaint in the World Trade Organization (WTO) alleging that India’s Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Schemes for certain sectors violate global trade rules under the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM Agreement).

Background

• China contends that three PLI schemes related to Electric Vehicles (EVs) and batteries provide financial benefits contingent on Domestic Value Addition (DVA).
• These, it claims, discriminate against imported goods and thus breach WTO subsidy rules.

PLI Schemes Under Dispute

• PLI for Advanced Chemistry Cell (ACC) Battery Storage: Incentivises large-scale manufacturing of battery cells to reduce import dependence.
• PLI for the Automobile and Auto Component Sector: Promotes domestic production of Advanced Automotive Technology (AAT) components and vehicles.
• PLI for Electric Vehicles (EVs): Aims to attract global EV manufacturers and strengthen India’s EV ecosystem.

China’s Key Allegation

• Domestic Value Addition (DVA) Requirements: These PLI schemes incentivise firms to use domestic inputs over imported ones, which China claims is inconsistent with Article 3 of the SCM Agreement, categorised as “prohibited subsidies.”

 About the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM Agreement)

1. Article 1:

Defines a subsidy as a financial contribution by a government or public body that confers a benefit.

2. Subsidy Categories:

Prohibited Subsidies (Article 3):

• Export-contingent subsidies – based on export performance.
• Local-content subsidies – contingent upon the use of domestic goods over imported goods.

Actionable Subsidies:

• Not outright banned but can be challenged if they cause adverse trade effects (e.g., injury to another country’s industry).

About the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme

• Launched: 2020
• Objective: Boost domestic manufacturing and reduce import dependency through performance-based financial incentives.
• Coverage: Started with 3 key sectors, later expanded to 14 strategic sectors, including: Electronics and Semiconductors, Automobiles and Auto Components, Textiles, Pharmaceuticals, Food Processing, etc.

Significance

1. For India:

• A cornerstone of the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative to make India a global manufacturing hub.
• Encourages FDI, technology transfer, and job creation.

2. For Global Trade:

• The case may set a precedent for evaluating industrial policy support under WTO subsidy rules.
• Reflects growing trade frictions between India and China in high-tech and green industries.

National Crisis Management Committee (NCMC)

The Cabinet Secretary chaired a meeting of the NCMC in response to cyclones in the Bay of Bengal.

About NCMC

• Legal Status: Granted statutory status under the Disaster Management (Amendment) Act, 2025.
• Nature: Nodal statutory body to handle major disasters with serious or national implications.
• Chairperson: Cabinet Secretary, with other members notified by the Central Government.

Powers & Functions

• Evaluate Preparedness: Reviews and assesses readiness for disasters or emergency situations.
• Coordination Role: Coordinates and monitors national-level disaster response and relief operations.
• Integration with NDMA: Works in close coordination with the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and concerned ministries to ensure unified response during crises.

Climate Inequality Report 2025

World Inequality Lab Releases Climate Inequality Report 2025 Highlighting Global Disparities in Climate Impact and Responsibility

Key Findings

• Disproportionate Emissions from Wealth Ownership: The top 1% of the global population contributes 15% of global consumption-based emissions and 41% of emissions from private capital ownership.
• Extreme Emission Inequality: The per capita emissions of the top 1% are 75 times higher than those of the bottom 50%.
• Concentration of Industrial Emissions: Nearly 100 companies are responsible for 71% of global industrial greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

About World Inequality Lab

• Headquarters: Paris School of Economics, France.
• Objective: To promote research on global inequality in income, wealth, and environmental impact.
• Flagship Reports: World Inequality Report and Climate Inequality Report.

UNEP’s Adaptation Gap Report 2025

UNEP Releases Adaptation Gap Report 2025 Highlighting Global Shortfalls in Climate Adaptation Efforts.

Key Findings

• Widening Finance Gap: Developing countries are projected to face an adaptation funding shortfall of USD 310–365 billion annually by the mid-2030s.
• Insufficient Global Support: Current global adaptation finance stands at just USD 26 billion, far below the required levels to address climate vulnerabilities.
• Implementation Challenges: While most nations have formulated national adaptation plans, their execution quality and coverage remain inadequate.
• Call for Urgent Action: The report urges a massive scale-up in climate finance, adoption of innovative financing mechanisms, and strengthened resilience-building strategies.

India’s Context

• India has made progress through its National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change (NAFCC) and State Action Plans on Climate Change (SAPCCs).
• Despite these steps, the nation remains highly vulnerable to: Heat stress and rising temperatures, Erratic monsoon patterns, Coastal flooding and sea-level rise.

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