13 November 2025 Current Affairs (With PDF)

Stay updated with 13 November 2025 Current Affairs on this page! We bring you the most relevant and important news updates from around the world and India, specially curated for competitive exams and different entrance exams. Today's Current Affairs cover all significant national and international headlines, legal updates, economic news, and environmental highlights to boost your preparation. With our crisp, to-the-point coverage, you can confidently tackle current affairs questions in your exams.

State of the Cryosphere Report 2025

• State of the Cryosphere Report 2025 Released by ICCI Highlights Accelerating Global Impacts on Ice Sheets, Glaciers, Sea Ice, and Permafrost.
• The report assesses the current status and climate impacts of five critical cryospheric components — Ice Sheets, Mountain Glaciers & Snow, Polar Oceans, Sea Ice, and Permafrost — highlighting accelerating global consequences.

Key Findings

1. Ice Sheets

• Losses: Quadrupled from Greenland & Antarctica since the 1990s.
• Impact: Accelerating sea-level rise, threatening infrastructure, agriculture, and livelihoods in coastal regions.

2. Polar Oceans

• Issue: Rising greenhouse gases weaken their role as climate regulators (heat & carbon absorption).
• Impact: Major slowdown in Antarctic Overturning Circulation (AOC) and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) → disrupts global ocean currents.

3. Mountain Glaciers & Snow

• Loss: ~273 gigatons of ice lost annually (2000–2023).
• Impact: Endangers water, food, and economic security for billions dependent on glacier-fed rivers.

4. Sea Ice

• Decline: 40–60% reduction in extent and thickness at both poles since 1979.
• Impact: Causes Arctic amplification, harms polar species, disrupts weather systems, and raises sea-level risks.

5. Permafrost

• Thaw Rate: ~210,000 km² thawed every decade since current warming began.
• Impact: Releases massive amounts of ancient carbon (3× more than present in atmosphere), reducing global carbon budget.

Significance

• Demonstrates irreversible tipping points in the cryosphere.
• Underscores the urgent need to limit global temperature rise to below 1.5°C, as per the Paris Agreement.
• Highlights how cryospheric degradation amplifies sea-level rise, climate feedback loops, and ecosystem disruption.

India’s First MWh-Scale Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB) Inaugurated at NTPC NETRA

Marks India’s largest and first grid-scale deployment of next-generation flow battery technology, paving the way for sustainable energy storage under NTPC’s NETRA (Noida).

About Next-Generation Battery Technologies

1. Flow Batteries

(a) Working Principle:

• Operate via reduction–oxidation (redox) reactions between two liquid electrolytes separated by a porous membrane that allows ion exchange.

(b) Key Feature:

• Energy storage capacity depends on electrolyte volume, allowing independent scaling of energy and power.

(c) Advantages:

• Long life and high safety (non-flammable, non-toxic).
• Environment-friendly, ideal for grid-scale energy storage.

(d) Types:

• Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB) – uses vanadium ions in different oxidation states.
• Zinc–Bromine Flow Battery.
• Iron–Salt / Organic Flow Systems.

2. Solid-State Batteries

(a) Working Principle:

• Use solid electrolytes instead of liquid ones → eliminates the need for separators.

(b) Benefits:

• High energy density.
• Greater safety — less risk of leakage or fire.
• Performs better in extreme temperatures.

Significance of Next-Gen Batteries

• Grid-Scale Storage: Enables reliable storage of renewable energy (solar, wind) — crucial for round-the-clock clean power.
• Material Diversification: Reduces dependency on lithium and cobalt, enhancing supply chain security.
• Long-Duration Energy Storage (LDES): Provides stable backup for several hours, supporting grid resilience and peak demand management.
• Applications: Power management, renewable integration, industrial systems, and utility-scale microgrids.

‘Global Cooling Watch 2025’ Report – UNEP’s Call for Sustainable Cooling Transition

About the Report

• Released by: UN Environment Programme’s (UNEP) Cool Coalition.
• Objective: To outline a Sustainable Cooling Pathway that reduces projected GHG emissions from the global cooling sector by 2050.
• Context: Cooling is becoming a major climate and energy challenge due to population growth, urbanisation, and rising global temperatures.

Key Concerns Highlighted

1. Rising Cooling Demand

• Under Business-as-Usual (BAU):
• Global cooling equipment capacity to triple from 22 TW (2022) → 68 TW (2050).
• This will increase energy demand and carbon emissions unless mitigated.

2. Policy Gaps

• Only 54 nations currently meet Sustainable Cooling Pathway standards, despite wide recognition of the issue.

3. Escalating Heat Stress

• Global population exposed to deadly heat stress may rise from 30% → 48–76% by the century’s end (IPCC).
• Urban heat island effects and extreme heat events worsen this risk.

Proposed: Sustainable Cooling Pathway

Beat the Heat Global Initiative

1. Launched by:

• UNEP’s Cool Coalition & Brazil (COP30 Presidency).

2. Objective:

• Translate Global Cooling Watch recommendations into real-world action for equitable and sustainable cooling.

3. cus AForeas:

• Integrating passive and nature-based cooling designs.
• Public procurement of efficient, low-GWP technologies.
• Urban heat planning for vulnerable communities.
• Promoting multi-level governance involving governments, cities, and industries.

CAQM Invokes Stage-III of GRAP in NCR Amid Severe Air Pollution

Background

• Issued by: Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) — a statutory body established under the CAQM Act, 2021.
• Context: Following severe air quality deterioration in Delhi-NCR.
• Trigger: Delhi’s Average AQI breaching the “Severe” range (401–450).

Stage-III of GRAP: Key Actions

9-point Action Plan including:

• Ban on construction, mining, and use of polluting vehicles.
• Hybrid schooling and staggered office timings to cut congestion.
• Curtailment of non-essential public and private transport.
• Use of anti-smog guns, mechanized sweeping, and water sprinkling.

About Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP)

• Introduced: 2017 (based on Supreme Court directives).
• Purpose: Emergency response mechanism to coordinate multiple agencies and curb air pollution when AQI levels worsen.
• Applies to: Entire Delhi-NCR region.
• Operates in Four Stages based on AQI Levels:

Reasons for Persistent NCR Air Pollution

1. Topographical:

• Basin effect of Indo-Gangetic Plain traps pollutants.
• Himalayas and Aravallis act as natural barriers restricting dispersion.

2. Meteorological:

• Temperature inversion, low wind speed, and high humidity trap particulate matter.

3. Anthropogenic:

• Stubble burning in Punjab–Haryana, vehicular emissions, construction dust, industrial pollution.

Case Study: Beijing’s Air Pollution Control Model

National One Health Mission Approved by Union Government

Background

• Approved by: Prime Minister’s Science, Technology, and Innovation Advisory Council (PM-STIAC).
• Purpose: To strengthen pandemic preparedness and integrated disease control through a unified “One Health” approach recognizing the interconnection between human, animal, and environmental health.

About National One Health Mission (NOHM)

Critical Pillars of the Mission

1. Research & Development (R&D):

• Develop essential tools like vaccines, diagnostics, and therapeutics.
• Promote cross-sectoral innovation in zoonotic disease management.

2. Clinical Readiness:

• Enhance healthcare infrastructure and emergency response systems.
• Establish protocols for rapid detection and containment of outbreaks.

3. Data Integration:

• Build interoperable data systems linking human, animal, and environmental health.
• Enable early warning and coordinated responses.

4. Community Engagement:

• Encourage citizen participation and awareness in disease prevention.
• Strengthen local response and communication systems.

About ‘One Health’ Approach

• Dense urban-rural interface
• Wildlife diversity
• Frequent zoonotic disease outbreaks (e.g., COVID-19, Avian flu, Lumpy Skin Disease). |

Significance

• Strengthens pandemic preparedness and biosecurity.
• Builds a national-level zoonotic disease surveillance framework.
• Aligns with Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA) and Sustainable Development Goal 3 (Good Health and Well-being).

Ethiopia to Host UNFCCC COP-32 in 2027

Ethiopia has been chosen as the host nation for the 32nd Conference of Parties (COP-32) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), scheduled to be held in Addis Ababa in 2027.

Political Features

1. Location:

• A landlocked country situated in the Horn of Africa, Ethiopia lost direct access to the Red Sea following Eritrea’s independence in 1993.

2. Latitude:

• Lies entirely within tropical latitudes.

3. Neighbouring Countries:

• North: Eritrea
• Northeast: Djibouti
• East: Somalia
• South: Kenya
• West: South Sudan and Sudan

Geographical Features

1. Major Rivers:

• Blue Nile (originates from Lake Tana and flows into Sudan to join the White Nile)
• Tekeze, Baro, Shebele, Genale, Awash, and Omo Rivers

2. Physiography:

• Dominated by the Ethiopian Highlands and the Great Rift Valley, part of the East African Rift System.
• The Kobar Sink in the Denakil Plain descends to about 116 metres below sea level—one of Africa’s lowest points.

3. Highest Point:

• Mount Ras Dejen (4,550 metres above sea level).

Significance of COP-32 in Addis Ababa

• Reflects growing recognition of Africa’s leadership in climate action and sustainable development.
• Ethiopia’s geographic and ecological diversity makes it a fitting venue to discuss adaptation and resilience strategies for developing nations.

Climate Risk Index (CRI) 2026

Released by: Germanwatch

About the Report

The Climate Risk Index (CRI) 2026 assesses and ranks countries based on the impact of extreme weather events, measured through human casualties and economic losses. It underscores the growing urgency for climate resilience and adaptation efforts worldwide.

Key Highlights

1. Period Covered:

• 1995–2024

2. Extreme Events:

• 9,700 globally recorded events caused over 8 lakh deaths and USD 4.5 trillion in economic damages.

3. India’s Ranking:

• 15th in CRI 2024
• 9th in the Long-Term Index (1995–2024)

4. Impact on India:

• Nearly 430 extreme weather events in three decades.
• USD 170 billion in economic losses.
• 1.3 billion people affected.

About the Climate Risk Index (CRI)

1. Introduced:

• 2006

2. Purpose:

• To evaluate the extent to which countries have been affected by weather-related loss events such as storms, floods, heatwaves, and droughts.

3. Indicators Used:

• Number of deaths
• Deaths per 1,00,000 inhabitants
• Absolute economic losses (USD)
• Losses as a percentage of GDP

Significance

• Helps identify vulnerable countries requiring climate adaptation and risk reduction measures.
• Serves as a key reference in global climate negotiations such as the UNFCCC COP meetings.

Exercise VINBAX 2025

The 6th edition of the India–Vietnam Army Exercise VINBAX commenced in Hanoi, focusing on strengthening defence cooperation and operational coordination between the two nations.

About Exercise VINBAX

1. Type:

• Bilateral Army Exercise between India and Vietnam.

2. Initiated in:

• 2018.

3. Objective:

• To enhance interoperability between the two armies.
• To facilitate exchange of best practices, particularly in United Nations Peacekeeping Operations (UNPKO).
• To foster mutual understanding and strategic partnership under the India–Vietnam Comprehensive Strategic Partnership.

4. Focus Areas:

• Counter-insurgency and counter-terrorism operations in jungle and urban environments.
• Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) simulations.
• Training in peacekeeping operations following UN mandates.

Defence Cooperation Between India and Vietnam

• Guided by the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership (2016).
• India provides training support to Vietnamese defence personnel and assists in capacity-building for maritime security and defence production.
• Vietnam plays a key role in India’s Act East Policy and Indo-Pacific vision.

Booker Prize 2025

Hungarian–British author David Szalay has been awarded the 2025 Booker Prize for his sixth work of fiction, Flesh, becoming the first Hungarian-origin writer to receive this prestigious literary honour.

About the Booker Prize

1. Established:

• 1969 (United Kingdom)

2. Purpose:

• Recognises the best original novel written in English and published in the UK or Ireland during the year.

3. Prize Money:

• Winner – £50,000
• Each Shortlisted Author – £2,500

4. Administered by:

• The Booker Prize Foundation

About the International Booker Prize

• Distinction: Separate from the main Booker Prize.
• Focus: Awards the best work of fiction translated into English and published in the UK or Ireland.
• Reward: The £50,000 prize is shared equally between the author and the translator.

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