14 October 2025 Current Affairs (With PDF)

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India to Restore Diplomatic Ties with Afghanistan

External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar announced that India will reopen its embassy in Kabul, signaling a step toward restoring full diplomatic engagement with Afghanistan.

Key Highlights

1. Restoration of Diplomatic Presence:

• India will upgrade its existing technical mission in Kabul to a full-fledged embassy.
• This marks the first formal engagement with the Taliban government since its takeover in 2021.
• The decision reflects India’s strategic and humanitarian interest in ensuring stability in the region.

2. Ministerial Engagement:

• The announcement followed a meeting between EAM Jaishankar and Taliban Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi.
• The engagement indicates a pragmatic shift in India’s Afghanistan policy - from humanitarian assistance to cautious diplomatic normalisation.

3. India’s Technical Mission (2022–Present):

Established in June 2022, the mission coordinated:

• Humanitarian aid distribution (food grains, medical supplies, vaccines).
• Infrastructure maintenance for ongoing Indian-funded projects.
• Support for education and health initiatives under India’s development partnership.

Background: Taliban Takeover of Afghanistan

1. Doha Accord (2020):

• A peace agreement signed between the U.S. and Taliban.
• Terms: U.S. troop withdrawal in exchange for Taliban’s counterterrorism assurances and internal peace talks.

2. Troop Withdrawal and Collapse (2021):

• The withdrawal of U.S. and NATO forces allowed the Taliban to rapidly gain territory.
• On August 15, 2021, the Taliban seized Kabul, leading to the collapse of the Afghan Republic.

3. Restoration of the Islamic Emirate:

• The Taliban reinstated the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan under Hibatullah Akhundzada.
• The regime imposed strict Sharia-based governance, curbing women’s rights and media freedoms.

Significance of India’s Move

• Strategic Re-engagement: Ensures India’s presence in a geopolitically vital region amid growing Chinese and Pakistani influence.
• Humanitarian Access: Facilitates ongoing relief, education, and infrastructure support to Afghan citizens.
• Regional Stability: Positions India as a key player in promoting peace and counterterrorism cooperation in South Asia.

India–UK Connectivity and Innovation Centre (CIC)

India and the United Kingdom have signed a strategic partnership to establish the India–UK Connectivity and Innovation Centre (CIC) aimed at enhancing cooperation in digital innovation and telecom connectivity.

About the India–UK CIC

1. Objective:

• To foster inclusive, secure, and resilient digital communication between both nations.
• To strengthen collaboration in 6G, AI-enabled telecom systems, and next-generation digital technologies.
• To shape the global standards and ecosystem for emerging communication technologies.

2. Implementation Framework:

Implemented under the UK–India Technology Security Initiative.

Jointly executed by:

• UK Research and Innovation (UKRI)
• India’s Department of Telecommunications (DoT)

3. Key Features:

Acts as a bridge between academic research and industry by enabling:

• Applied research collaboration
• Joint lab testing and field trials for advanced telecom technologies.

Focus Areas (2025–2029)

1. AI-Driven Telecom:

• Leverages artificial intelligence and machine learning for network optimisation.
• Enables efficient spectrum use, predictive maintenance, and improved service quality.

2. Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs):

• Develops satellite, aerial, and high-altitude platform systems.
• Expands high-speed connectivity to rural, remote, and disaster-prone regions.

3. Telecom Cybersecurity:

• Strengthens network resilience and data protection mechanisms.
• Promotes interoperable and trusted communication standards across both countries.

Significance

• Advances India–UK digital cooperation under the Vision 2035 roadmap.
• Positions both nations as leaders in 6G and next-generation communication systems.
• Contributes to global standard-setting for AI, 6G, and secure telecom infrastructure.
• Enhances innovation-led growth, job creation, and technological self-reliance in the digital economy.

India to Host UNTCC 2025

The Indian Army will host the United Nations Troop Contributing Countries (UNTCC) Chiefs’ Conclave 2025 in New Delhi from October 14–16, 2025.
The conclave will convene senior military leaders from 32 nations that contribute troops to UN Peacekeeping operations.

About UNTCC Conclave

1. The UNTCC Chiefs’ Conclave provides a global platform for dialogue among countries that supply military personnel to UN peacekeeping missions.

2. Objectives:

• Address operational and logistical challenges in peacekeeping.
• Strengthen coordination and interoperability among troop-contributing nations.
• Promote inclusivity and shared decision-making within UN peace operations.
• Discuss innovations in training, technology, and mission sustainability.

India’s Leadership in UN Peacekeeping

1. Legacy:

• Since 1948, India has been one of the largest and most consistent contributors to UN peacekeeping.

2. Participation:

• Over 2,70,000 Indian peacekeepers have served across 50 UN missions worldwide.
• Indian contingents are widely recognised for professionalism, discipline, and humanitarian engagement.

3. Gender Inclusion:

• India deployed the first all-women peacekeeping contingent in South Sudan, setting a global benchmark for gender equality in peace operations.

4. Humanitarian Impact:

• Indian peacekeepers have played key roles in conflict stabilization, community outreach, and capacity-building in host nations.

Significance of Hosting UNTCC 2025

• Reinforces India’s global leadership and credibility in multilateral peacekeeping diplomacy.
• Provides a platform to shape future UN policies on peace operations, troop welfare, and technology integration.
• Enhances India’s voice in UN Security Council deliberations on peacekeeping mandates.
• Strengthens South–South cooperation and collective operational standards among developing nations.

Gaza Peace Summit 2025

The United States and Egypt jointly hosted the Gaza Peace Summit 2025 in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, aimed at achieving a lasting resolution to the Gaza conflict and restoring regional stability.
The summit convened in the aftermath of a ceasefire agreement aligned with the U.S. President’s 20-point peace plan for ending the Israel–Hamas war.

Objective of the Summit

• To finalise a comprehensive peace framework based on the ceasefire terms.
• To disarm Hamas and ensure the cessation of hostilities in the Gaza Strip.
• To establish a new, inclusive governing authority in Gaza for effective administration and reconstruction.
• To discuss international aid and post-conflict rebuilding mechanisms under UN oversight.

Participation

• Attended by over 20 nations, including India, the European Union, and Arab League members.
• Israel, Hamas, and the Palestinian Authority did not directly participate, though their positions were represented indirectly through mediators.
• The United Nations and several regional organisations participated as observers and facilitators.

Significance of the Summit

• Renewed Multilateral Diplomacy: Marks a shift from unilateral interventions to cooperative global mediation in the Middle East peace process.
• Regional Stability: Seeks to prevent escalation across neighbouring regions such as Lebanon and the West Bank.
• Humanitarian Focus: Emphasises reconstruction, refugee return, and civilian protection through international assistance.
• India’s Role: India’s participation reflects its balanced diplomatic stance—supporting peace and humanitarian relief while advocating for a two-state solution.
• Global Responsibility: Reinforces the idea that peace in Gaza is not only a regional issue but a shared global concern affecting security, trade, and migration.

PM Launches Two Landmark Schemes for Farmers’ Welfare

Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched two major initiatives — the PM Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana (PMDDKY) and the Mission for Aatmanirbharta in Pulses (Pulse Self-Reliance Mission) — aimed at boosting farm productivity, strengthening food security, and advancing agricultural self-reliance.

Mission for Aatmanirbharta in Pulses

1. Type:

• Central Sector Scheme

2. Outlay:

• ₹11,440 crore (FY 2025–31)

3. Nodal Ministry:

• Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare

4. Objectives:

• Achieve self-sufficiency in pulses and reduce imports (currently ~4.6 MMT in FY 2024).
• Enhance farmers’ income and ensure nutritional security through increased domestic production.

5. Targets (by FY 2030–31):

• Production: 35 million metric tonnes (MMT), up from 24 MMT in 2023–24.
• Area Expansion: 310 lakh hectares (from 275 lakh ha), including 35 lakh ha from rice fallows and diversifiable lands.
• Yield: Increase from 881 kg/ha to 1,130 kg/ha.

6. Key Interventions:

• Procurement: 100% MSP procurement of Tur, Urad, and Masoor for the first four years; executed by NAFED and NCCF under the PM-AASHA framework.
• Seed Distribution: Supply of 126 lakh quintals of certified, high-yield, climate-resilient seeds and 88 lakh free seed kits.
• Infrastructure Development: Establish 1,000 new pulse processing units with subsidies up to ₹25 lakh per unit.
• Price Monitoring: Introduces a global price monitoring mechanism to stabilise domestic markets and protect farmers from volatility.

PM Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana (PMDDKY)

1. Nature:

• Central Sector Umbrella Programme

2. Nodal Ministry:

• Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare

3. Purpose:

• To modernise Indian agriculture through data-driven, coordinated, and outcome-oriented governance.

4. Governance Model

Inspired by NITI Aayog’s Aspirational Districts Programme.

Identifies 100 Aspirational Agriculture Districts with:

• Low agricultural productivity,
• Moderate crop intensity, and
• Below-average access to agricultural credit.

Integration Mechanism

• Consolidates 36 Central Schemes from 11 departments to streamline agricultural interventions and improve implementation efficiency.
• Each district will prepare a District Agriculture Development Plan (DADP), monitored by a Central Nodal Officer and executed through local committees.

Greenhouse Gas Emission Intensity (GEI) Target Rules, 2025

The Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEFCC) notified the GEI Target Rules, 2025, India’s first legally binding framework for industrial greenhouse gas emission reductions.

About the GEI Target Rules

1. Objective:

• Legally mandate carbon-intensive industries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions per unit of output.

2. Scope:

Applies to 282 industrial units in four sectors:

• Aluminium
• Cement
• Pulp & Paper
• Chlor-alkali

3. Definition:

• GEI (Greenhouse Gas Emission Intensity) = tCO₂e emitted per unit of output.

4. Compliance Cycle:

• FY 2025-26 to FY 2026-27, with sector-specific reduction targets based on the 2023-24 baseline.

Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS) Compliance

1. Integration:

• Implements the compliance framework under India’s Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS), 2023.

2. Credit Mechanism:

• Units meeting targets → earn tradable carbon credits.
• Non-compliant units → buy credits or pay environmental compensation (twice the average trading price of credits).

3. Institutional Oversight:

• Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE): Issues carbon credits.
• Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB): Monitors compliance and enforces penalties within 90 days.

Significance

• Climate Commitments: Supports India’s Paris Agreement goal to reduce GDP emission intensity by 45% from 2005 levels by 2030.
• Carbon Market Development: Strengthens the compliance segment of India’s carbon credit market.
• Clean Technology Promotion: Encourages adoption of energy-efficient, low-carbon technologies.
• Global Competitiveness: Prepares industries for international frameworks like the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM).

SPARK 4.0 Initiative

The Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS), under the Ministry of Ayush, has launched the fourth edition of its flagship program — SPARK 4.0 (2025–26) — to foster research and innovation in Ayurveda.

About SPARK (Studentship Program for Ayurveda Research Ken)

1. Nature:

• A flagship studentship program designed to nurture research aptitude and scientific inquiry among undergraduate Ayurveda students across India.

2. Target Group:

• Open to Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery (BAMS) students enrolled in institutions recognised by the National Commission for Indian System of Medicine (NCISM).

3. Research Support:

• Students receive financial assistance to carry out independent, short-term research projects.
• A certificate of completion is awarded upon successful submission of the research work.

4. Significance:

• Encourages evidence-based research and scientific validation of Ayurvedic principles.
• Supports the national vision of Viksit Bharat 2047 by promoting innovation and indigenous healthcare research.

About NCISM (National Commission for Indian System of Medicine)

• Type: A statutory regulatory body under the Ministry of Ayush.
• Mandate: Oversees the education, training, and professional standards of Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, and Sowa-Rigpa systems of medicine in India.

About CCRAS (Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences)

1. Status:

• An autonomous apex organisation under the Ministry of Ayush.

2. Objective:

• To bridge traditional Ayurvedic wisdom with modern scientific methodologies through systematic research.

3. Research Areas:

• Medicinal plants and pharmacology
• Clinical and pre-clinical research
• Tribal and community health studies
• Validation of Ayurvedic formulations

Siddi Community

President Droupadi Murmu recently lauded the Siddi community for achieving over 72% literacy, encouraging continued efforts in education for greater social and economic empowerment.

About the Siddi Community

• Origin: The Siddis, also known as Sheedis or Habshis, are a tribal community of African descent. They were brought to India from East Africa by Indian rulers and Portuguese traders between the 15th and 17th centuries as slaves, soldiers, and servants.
• Geographical Distribution: Predominantly found in Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh.
• Religion: The community follows diverse faiths - Islam, Hinduism, and Christianity - reflecting centuries of assimilation into Indian society.
• Culture: The Siddis are renowned for their Dhamal or Goma dance tradition, which fuses African drumming and rhythms with Indian cultural elements, symbolizing their unique Afro-Indian heritage.
• Legal Status:
  - Recognised as a Scheduled Tribe (ST) in the 2011 Census.
  - Classified as a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) in Gujarat due to their small population size, socio-economic marginalisation, and unique cultural identity.

Maitri II Research Station – India in Antarctica

The Government of India has approved the establishment of Maitri II, a new Antarctic research station, set to be operational by January 2029.

Key Features

1. Replacement:

• Maitri II will replace Maitri as the main year-round station; Maitri will function as a summer research camp.

2. Position in India’s Antarctic Network:

• Dakshin Gangotri (decommissioned)
• Maitri (1989)
• Bharati (2012)
• Maitri II (forthcoming)

3. Location:

• Eastern Antarctica, near Schirmacher Oasis.

4. Nodal Agency:

• National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR), Goa, under MoES.

5. Design & Planning:

• German firm selected via international competition; station designed as a green facility using solar and wind energy.

6. Budget:

• Estimated at ₹2,000 crore over seven years.

Strategic & Scientific Importance

1. Geopolitical Presence:

• Strengthens India’s footprint under the Antarctic Treaty System (1959) and Indian Antarctic Act (2022).

2. Scientific Research:

Enhances studies in:

• Climate change
• Glacial monitoring
• Seismology
• Polar biodiversity

3. Sustainability:

• Eco-friendly design aligns with green energy use in extreme environments.

Sawalkote Hydropower Project

The Sawalkote Hydroelectric Project on the Chenab River in Jammu & Kashmir has received environmental clearance from the Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEFCC).

About the Project

• Implementing Agency: National Hydro Power Corporation (NHPC) Ltd.
• Type: Run-of-the-River hydropower project - utilises the natural flow of the river without creating a large reservoir.
• Dam Specifications: 192.5-metre-high Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) gravity dam.
• Installed Capacity: 1,856 MW
• Estimated Annual Generation: ~8,000 million units of electricity.

Strategic Significance

• The first major hydropower project cleared on the Indus River system since India suspended the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) with Pakistan in April 2025.
• Enhances energy security, regional development, and strengthens India’s strategic utilisation of western rivers (Chenab, Jhelum, Indus) under its sovereign rights.

Kabad Se Kalakriti Initiative

South Eastern Coalfields Limited (SECL) created models of the S-400 missile launcher and a robotic soldier using industrial scrap under the Swachhta Hi Seva Campaign.

Part of SECL’s flagship ‘Kabad Se Kalakriti’ programme, promoting “Waste to Wealth” by converting scrap into creative art.

Key Highlights

1. Materials Used:

• ~800 kg of metal scrap, including old chassis, steel pipes, and iron parts.

2. Symbolism:

• Pays tribute to Operation Sindoor.
• Reflects India’s defence innovation and eco-friendly recycling.

3. Organiser:

• SECL, a Miniratna PSU and subsidiary of Coal India Limited (CIL).

4. Featured System:

• S-400 Triumf – Russian long-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) system, locally referred to as “Sudarshan Chakra”.

Significance

• Environment: Promotes industrial scrap recycling, supporting sustainable and circular economy principles.
• Defence Awareness: Highlights India’s defence capabilities and technological innovation.
• Public Engagement: Connects citizens to national campaigns like Swachhta Hi Seva and Operation Sindoor.

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