15 December 2025 Current Affairs (With PDF)

Stay updated with 15 December 2025 Current Affairs on this page! We bring you the most relevant and important news updates from around the world and India, specially curated for competitive exams and different entrance exams. Today's Current Affairs cover all significant national and international headlines, legal updates, economic news, and environmental highlights to boost your preparation. With our crisp, to-the-point coverage, you can confidently tackle current affairs questions in your exams.

Census of India 2027 Approved

Why in News

The Union Cabinet has approved the conduct of the Census of India 2027, marking a major step toward updating India’s demographic and socio-economic data after a gap of more than 15 years.

Key Highlights of Census 2027

Historical Significance

• 16th Census since the beginning of census operations in India
• 8th Census to be conducted after Independence

Phased Implementation

1. Phase I:

House Listing and Housing Census

• Timeline: April–September 2026
• Focus: Housing conditions, amenities, and household assets

2. Phase II:

Population Enumeration

• Timeline: February 2027
• Focus: Demographic, social, and economic characteristics of individuals

First-Ever Digital Census

• Enumeration to be conducted using mobile-based applications
• Introduction of a Census Management & Monitoring System (CMMS) portal for real-time supervision and data validation

Inclusion of Caste Data

• Caste-related information will be collected during the Population Enumeration phase, making it a key policy-relevant feature of Census 2027

Technology and Data Innovations

• Census-as-a-Service (CaaS): Enables delivery of census outputs to ministries and departments in a clean, machine-readable, and actionable format
• Self-enumeration option: Citizens may voluntarily submit data digitally, enhancing participation and accuracy

About Census in India

• First Census: Conducted in 1872 (non-synchronous)
• Authority: Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India
• Ministry: Ministry of Home Affairs

Legal Framework

• Governed by the Census Act, 1948, which provides statutory backing for data collection and confidentiality

Scope of Data Collection

• Covers parameters such as: Population demographics, Housing conditions, Religion, Literacy and education
• Data is generated at micro-levels, including villages and urban wards

Last Census

• 2011 Census was the most recent
• 2021 Census was deferred due to the COVID-19 pandemic

India’s Resolution on Strengthening Global Wildfire Management Adopted at UNEA-7

Why in News

India’s resolution on “Strengthening the Global Management of Wildfires” was formally adopted at the 7th United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA-7) held in Nairobi, underscoring the growing global urgency to address escalating wildfire risks.

Context and Global Concern

• UNEP’s report “Spreading Like Wildfire” warns that, if current trends persist, wildfire incidents could rise by nearly 50% by 2100.
• UNEA-7 adopted 11 resolutions in total, covering issues such as: Coral reef protection, Antimicrobial resistance, Cryosphere conservation, Chemicals and waste management

Key Provisions of India’s Resolution

1. Strengthening International Cooperation:

• Development of early warning systems and wildfire risk assessments
• Expansion of satellite-based and ground-level monitoring
• Community-focused alert and response mechanisms

2. Enhanced Regional and Global Collaboration:

• Joint frameworks for: Wildfire prevention, Post-fire response and recovery, Ecosystem restoration

3. Knowledge Sharing and Capacity Building:

• Creation of global platforms for: Sharing best practices, Training programmes, Technical and institutional capacity enhancement

4. Support for National and Regional Action Plans:

• Assistance to countries in formulating: Integrated fire management strategies & Long-term wildfire resilience plans

5. Facilitating Access to Finance:

• Support for project preparation
• Improved access to multilateral, climate, and results-based funding mechanisms

Wildfire Situation in India

1. Extent of Forest Fire Risk:

As per the India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2019:

• Over 36% of forests are prone to frequent fires
• ~6% are classified as very highly fire-prone
• ~4% fall under extremely fire-prone categories

2. Technological Interventions:

• Use of satellite-based remote sensing and GIS tools for early detection and monitoring
• Key systems include: MODIS sensor, SNPP–VIIRS satellite data

About United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA)

1. Headquarters:

• Nairobi, Kenya

2. Established:

• 2012, following the UN Conference on Sustainable Development

3. Roles and Functions:

• Serves as the highest global decision-making body on environmental matters
• Sets the global environmental agenda
• Provides policy direction and coordinated responses to emerging environmental challenges

CoalSETU Policy (Policy for Auction of Coal Linkage for Seamless, Efficient & Transparent Utilisation)

Why in News

The Union Cabinet has approved the CoalSETU Policy, introducing a new long-term auction mechanism for coal linkages to enhance transparency, efficiency, and optimal utilisation of domestic coal resources.

About CoalSETU

• Full Form: Policy for Auction of Coal Linkage for Seamless, Efficient & Transparent Utilisation
• Policy Framework: Introduced as a new auction window under the Non-Regulated Sector (NRS) Linkage Auction Policy, 2016

Key Features

1. Coverage & Allocation:

• Coal linkages to be allocated through auctions on a long-term basis
• Applicable for any industrial use and exports

2. Sectoral Scope:

• Applies to the Non-Regulated Sector (NRS)
• Exception: Coking coal is excluded from this auction window

3. Eligibility to Participate:

• Any domestic coal consumer requiring coal can participate
• Traders are not permitted to bid under this policy

Preah Vihear Temple

Why in News

India has called for the protection of the Preah Vihear Temple amid renewed Thailand–Cambodia border clashes, highlighting concerns over the safety of cultural heritage in conflict zones.

About Preah Vihear Temple

• Location: Northern Cambodia, situated atop the Dângrêk Mountains, close to the Thailand–Cambodia border
• Religion / Deity: Dedicated to Lord Shiva
• Architectural Style: Classical Khmer temple architecture

Historical Background

• Initiation: Construction began during the reign of King Yashovarman I (889–910 CE)
• Completion: Major additions completed under King Suryavarman II (1113–1150 CE) of the Khmer dynasty
• The temple reflects the political, religious, and artistic zenith of the Angkor civilisation

Cultural & International Significance

• UNESCO World Heritage Site: Inscribed for its outstanding universal value
• Symbol of Dispute: The temple has been at the centre of a long-standing territorial dispute between Thailand and Cambodia due to its strategic border location
• Religious Importance: One of the most significant Shaivite temples in Southeast Asia

PMGKY Insurance Scheme for Health Workers

Why in News

The Supreme Court has extended the ₹50 lakh insurance coverage to all doctors who lost their lives while performing COVID-19 duties, under the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Package (PMGKY): Insurance Scheme for Health Workers Fighting COVID-19, ensuring uniform compensation and justice to affected families.

About PMGKY

Insurance Scheme for Health Workers Fighting COVID-19

• Objective: To provide financial security and risk coverage to healthcare personnel deployed in COVID-19–related services.
• Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
• Nature of Scheme: Special accident insurance cover introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Key Features

1. Insurance Coverage:

• Amount: ₹50 lakh per eligible beneficiary
• Type: One-time insurance compensation

2. Coverage Conditions:

• Death due to COVID-19 infection contracted during the course of duty
• Accidental death while performing COVID-19–related assignments

Pax Silica Initiative

Why in News

India has been left out of the new U.S. critical mineral diversification plan, known as Pax Silica.

About Pax Silica Initiative

1. Nature:

• U.S.-led strategic geo-economic and technology initiative

2. Focus:

• Building a secure, resilient and innovation-driven silicon supply chain

3. Scope of the Initiative:

• Covers the entire value chain – Critical minerals and energy inputs, Advanced manufacturing, Semiconductors and chips, AI infrastructure, Logistics and allied ecosystems

4. Key Objectives:

• Reduce strategic dependencies on concentrated supply chains
• Ensure trusted, aligned nations can jointly develop and deploy transformative technologies
• Strengthen technological leadership in semiconductors and AI

5. Member Countries:

• United States, Japan, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Israel, United Arab Emirates, Australia

National Makhana Board

Why in News

The first meeting of the National Makhana Board approved a ₹476-crore Central Sector Scheme for the holistic development of the makhana sector, covering research, quality seed production, value addition, and export promotion.

About National Makhana Board

1. Ministry:

• Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare

2. Location:

• Bihar (India’s primary makhana-producing region)

3. Nature:

• Central sector institutional mechanism

4. Objectives:

Boost value addition, branding, and global positioning of makhana

• Enhance farmers’ income through scientific cultivation practices
• Promote post-harvest processing, quality control, and market access

International Fund for Agricultural Development

Why in News

Government of India highlighted its rural transformation and development leadership at the IFAD–India Day, showcasing India’s initiatives in agriculture, livelihoods, and rural empowerment.

About IFAD

• Headquarters: Rome, Italy
• Status: United Nations specialised agency and international financial institution
• Established: 1977 (in response to the global food crisis of the 1970s)
• Mandate and Objectives: Eradicate rural poverty and hunger
• Improve food security and nutrition
• Promote inclusive and sustainable rural development

MAVEN Spacecraft

Why in News

NASA has lost contact with the MAVEN spacecraft, which has been orbiting Mars and studying its atmosphere.

About MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN)

• Agency: NASA
• Launch Year: 2013
• Orbit: Mars orbit
• Primary Objective: To study Mars’ upper atmosphere, ionosphere, and its interaction with the Sun and solar wind, in order to understand how and why Mars lost most of its atmosphere to space.

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