19 December 2025 Current Affairs (With PDF)

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Expansion of Bioenergy Capacity in India

Why in News

Over the last decade, India has added 2,362 MW of biomass power capacity and 228 MW of waste-to-energy capacity, alongside the installation of 2.88 lakh biogas plants, reflecting steady progress in the bioenergy sector.

Government Support Framework

The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) is promoting bioenergy deployment through the National Bioenergy Programme (NBP).

National Bioenergy Programme (NBP)

(1) Phase-I Overview

• Duration: 2021–22 to 2025–26
• Notification: 2022
• Core Objective:
  - Productive use of surplus biomass, largely from rural areas
  - Generation of renewable power while creating supplementary income opportunities for rural households

(2) Key Sub-Schemes

• Waste-to-Energy Programme: Energy generation from urban, industrial, agricultural wastes / residues
• Biomass Programme:
  - Support for briquette and pellet manufacturing
  - Promotion of non-bagasse biomass-based cogeneration in industries
• Biogas Programme:
  - Biogas composition: primarily methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂)
  - Trace gases include nitrogen, hydrogen, hydrogen sulphide, and oxygen

Bioenergy: Concept and Status in India

(1) What is Bioenergy

• Energy derived from organic matter (biomass) such as crop residues, wood, dung, and organic waste
• Modern bioenergy uses processed biomass and advanced technologies to produce cleaner fuels like biogas, bio-CNG, and liquid biofuels

(2) Current Status

• Total installed bioenergy capacity: ~11.6 GW (as of November 2025)
• Contribution: Accounts for about 13% of India’s total final energy consumption
• Growth Outlook: Projected to expand by up to 45% between 2023 and 2030

Other Major Initiatives Promoting Bioenergy

(1) National Policy on Biofuels (2018; revised 2022):

• Targets include 20% ethanol blending (E20) by 2025–26 and 5% biodiesel blending by 2030

(2) Pradhan Mantri JI-VAN Yojana:

• Financial assistance for advanced biofuel projects

(3) SATAT Initiative:

• Promotes compressed biogas (CBG) as a transport fuel

(4) GOBAR-Dhan Scheme:

• Focuses on converting organic waste into biogas and bio-manure

Significance

• Enhances energy security and waste management
• Supports rural livelihoods and circular economy goals
• Contributes to India’s climate commitments and clean energy transition

India Reports Highest Anti-Doping Rule Violations (ADRVs)

India has reported the highest number of Anti-Doping Rule Violations (ADRVs) globally for the third consecutive year, according to the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) – 2024 Testing Figures Report.

Key Findings (2024)

• Samples analysed by NADA (India): 7,113
• Athletes tested positive: 260
• Positivity ratio: 3.6% (among the highest globally)
• Competition testing concern: Nearly 1 in every 5 Indian athletes tested during competitions returned positive results.

What is Doping

Doping refers to the use of prohibited substances or methods (as defined under the World Anti-Doping Code) to unfairly enhance athletic performance.

Common Types of Doping Substances

• Androgenic Agents: Anabolic steroids to increase muscle mass and strength
• Stimulants: Enhance alertness, endurance, and heart rate
• Diuretics & Masking Agents: Dilute urine or hide banned substances
• Peptide Hormones: e.g. Erythropoietin (EPO) to boost red blood cells
• Glucocorticoids: Misused to suppress pain and mask injuries
• Beta Blockers: Reduce heart rate and hand tremors (notably in precision sports)

Anti-Doping Measures in India

(1) National Anti-Doping Act, 2022:

• Provides statutory backing to the National Anti-Doping Agency (NADA)

(2) Digital Intervention:

• Know Your Medicine (KYM) App to verify whether medicines are prohibited

(3) Capacity Building:

• Awareness programmes for athletes, coaches, and support staff
• Expansion in sample collection and testing infrastructure

World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)

• Headquarters: Montreal, Canada
• Established: 1999 (post Lausanne Declaration)
• Nature: Independent international agency
• Mandate: Promote, coordinate, and monitor the fight against doping worldwide
• Key Functions: Publishes the World Anti-Doping Code & Issues the Annual Prohibited List

Significance

• Highlights systemic gaps in awareness, medical supervision, and athlete support
• Raises concerns over sporting credibility and athlete health
• Reinforces the need for education-centric and preventive anti-doping strategies, not just enforcement

Parliamentary Select Committee Report on the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Bill, 2025

Why in News

Parliamentary Select Committee has submitted its report on the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Bill, 2025, which seeks to address persistent structural and procedural challenges hampering the effective implementation of the IBC framework.

Background: Need for Amendment

Despite its transformative role, the IBC has encountered several operational bottlenecks, including:

• Delays at insolvency admission stage, leading to prolonged proceedings
• Lack of certainty in resolution plans, affecting investor confidence
• Erosion of asset value due to time overruns.
• Absence of clear legal frameworks for modern corporate realities, such as:  
  - Corporate group insolvencies
  - Cross-border insolvency cases involving assets or creditors in multiple jurisdictions

Key Features of the IBC (Amendment) Bill, 2025

(1) Creditor Initiated Insolvency Resolution Process (CIIRP)

• Introduces an out-of-court initiation mechanism
• Aimed specifically at genuine business failures, reducing burden on tribunals

(2) Group Insolvency Framework:

• Provides a structured mechanism to resolve insolvency of interlinked corporate group entities
• Seeks coordinated resolution instead of fragmented proceedings

(3) Cross-Border Insolvency Framework:

• Establishes legal provisions for insolvency cases where:
  - Debtors, assets, or creditors are located across jurisdictions
• Enhances certainty in transnational insolvency resolution

Key Recommendations of the Select Committee

(1) Codification of the ‘Clean Slate Principle’s :

• Explicitly extinguishes all prior claims once a resolution plan is approved
• Protects successful resolution applicants from legacy liabilities

(2) Avoidance of Conflict of Interest:

• A Resolution Professional (RP) who managed the insolvency resolution process should:
  -Be barred from acting as Liquidator if the resolution fails

(3) Timelines for Appellate Proceedings:

• Prescribe a statutory time limit of three months for disposal of cases by the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT)

(4) Clarification of ‘Corporate Debtor’s :

• Expand definition to include foreign-incorporated entities with limited liability
• Ensures legal applicability of cross-border insolvency provisions to:
  -Foreign companies with assets, creditors, or operations linked to India

Significance

• Strengthens time-bound resolution, a core pillar of IBC
• Improves investor confidence and asset value preservation
• Aligns India’s insolvency regime with global best practices
• Enhances the ability to deal with complex corporate and cross-border insolvencies
   

PM’s Visit to Ethiopia

The Prime Minister’s visit to Ethiopia marked a significant step in strengthening India–Africa engagement and deepening bilateral cooperation across political, economic and strategic domains.

Key Takeaways from the Visit

(1) Highest Civilian Honour

• The Prime Minister was conferred Ethiopia’s highest honour – the ‘Great Honour Nishan of Ethiopia’, recognising his contribution to strengthening bilateral relations.

(2) Elevation of Bilateral Ties

• India and Ethiopia elevated their relationship to a Strategic Partnership, reflecting deeper cooperation in diplomacy, development, technology and capacity-building.

(3) Agreements & MoUs

• Eight MoUs/agreements were signed, including:
  -Establishment of a Data Centre at Ethiopia’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, supporting digital governance and e-diplomacy.
  -Debt restructuring under the G20 Common Framework, aligning with India’s Global South and debt relief initiatives.

(4) Economic Engagement

• India
  - Ethiopia trade stood at US$ 550.19 million (FY 2024–25):
  - Indian exports: US$ 476.81 million
  - Indian imports: US$ 73.38 million
• The trade relationship remains strongly export-driven in India’s favour.

Strategic Significance

• Reinforces India’s role as a development partner of choice in Africa.
• Strengthens South–South cooperation and India’s engagement with the Global South.
• Enhances collaboration in digital infrastructure, capacity-building and economic development.

MH-60R Seahawk Helicopter

The Indian Navy has commissioned its second MH-60R Seahawk helicopter squadron at INS Hansa, Goa, significantly enhancing India’s maritime aviation and anti-submarine warfare capabilities.

About MH-60R Seahawk

• Type: Multi-mission maritime helicopter designed for shipborne and shore-based naval operations
• Developer: Lockheed Martin (USA)

INS Hansa

• Location: Dabolim, Goa
• Role: Indian Navy’s premier naval air station
• Unique Feature: Operates as a joint military–civil facility, sharing infrastructure with Goa International Airport.

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