19 June 2025 Current Affairs (With PDF)

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2025 G7 Leaders' Summit – Kananaskis, Canada

51st G7 Summit Held in Kananaskis, Canada; Focus on Climate, AI, Supply Chains, Terrorism, Migration, Social Justice.

India’s Role & PM’s Address at G7 Outreach Session

PM Modi raised pressing questions on global inaction on terrorism:

• Will the world recognize the threat only after becoming victims?
• Can perpetrators and victims of terror be treated equally?
• Will global institutions remain passive spectators?

Key Summit Outcomes

1. Kananaskis Wildfire Charter:

Reaffirms Glasgow Leaders’ Declaration on Forests and Land Use (COP26).

• Goal: Halt and reverse deforestation and land degradation by 2030.
• Endorsed by India.

2. G7 Critical Minerals Action Plan:

Builds on Five-Point Plan (Japan G7 Presidency, 2023).

• Aims for secure, resilient, and transparent supply chains for critical minerals.
• Crucial for EVs, semiconductors, clean energy technologies.
• India endorsed the action plan.

3. RISE Partnership (Resilient and Inclusive Supply Chain Enhancement):

• Enhance global supply chain resilience & Ensure sustainable and inclusive economic growth.

4. G7 GovAI Grand Challenge:

Launched by Canada to promote AI adoption in public sector.

• Includes Rapid Solution Labs for AI innovation.
• Aligns with UN Global Digital Compact for closing digital divides.

5. Migrant Smuggling Action Plan:

G7 committed to G7 Coalition to Counter Migrant Smuggling.

• Implement 2024 G7 Action Plan to tackle smuggling networks and improve legal pathways.

6. Condemnation of Transnational Repression (TNR):

G7 strongly condemned foreign interference tactics used by authoritarian states to intimidate or harm dissidents abroad.

• TNR includes surveillance, harassment, coercion, and physical harm of diaspora and activists.

7. World Bank-Led Reforms:

• G7 committed to strengthening the role of the World Bank in Development financing & Global resilience to climate and economic shocks.

National Mission for a Green India

MoEFCC Unveils Revised Green India Mission on June 17, Aiming Afforestation, Carbon Sink, and Ecosystem Restoration by 2030.

Objectives of GIM

• Afforestation: Increase forest/tree cover on forest and non-forest lands and Target: Afforestation over 24 million hectares.
• Climate Mitigation: Improve carbon sequestration & ecosystem services.
• Carbon Sink Creation: Create an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3.0 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalent by 2030, aligning with India’s NDC goals.
• Livelihood Support: Enhance and diversify income of forest-dependent communities.

Key Strategies in Revised Mission

• Micro-Ecosystem Approach: Focus on ecologically vulnerable landscapes: Aravallis, Western Ghats, Arid regions of NW India, Mangroves, Indian Himalayan Region (IHR)
• Private Sector Involvement: Leverage Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) for Critical ecosystem restoration and Community-based initiatives.
• Carbon Market Integration: Link to voluntary carbon markets to trade carbon credits generated from forestry/agroforestry efforts.
• Pro-active Green India Force: A trained youth cadre to help with On-ground interventions & Long-term asset upkeep and maintenance

India’s Crocodile Conservation Project – 50th Anniversary (1975–2025)

India Celebrates 50 Years of Crocodile Conservation Project on World Crocodile Day (June 17).

Project Launch

• 1st April, 1975, based on recommendations of H.R. Bustard
• Launched with UNDP/FAO technical and financial support

Objective

• Rebuild crocodile populations
• Protect natural habitats
• Promote captive breeding and reintroduction

India’s Native Crocodilian Species

Major Conservation Successes

Odisha - A Unique Example: Only state with dedicated centres for all 3 species:

• Tikarpada (Satkosia) - Gharial
• Dangamal (Bhitarkanika) - Saltwater crocodile
• Ramatirtha (Similipal) - Mugger crocodile

Recent Initiatives (2025)

1. New Gharial Conservation Project

• Expanding gharial range to: Ganges, Brahmaputra, Indus, and Mahanadi rivers

2. Madras Crocodile Bank

• Captive breeding, awareness, and reintroduction efforts

Global Drought Outlook, 2025

OECD Releases Global Drought Outlook 2025, Highlighting Escalating Water Scarcity and Climate Resilience Challenges Worldwide.

Key Findings

1. Worsening Drought Conditions

a. 40% of global land is facing increasingly frequent and severe droughts

b. Examples:

• Europe (2022)
• California (2021)
• Horn of Africa, Somalia

2. Economic Impact

a. 3%–7.5% annual increase in economic costs per drought episode

b. Countries like India & Australia face:

• Water disruptions to hydropower generation
• Inland waterway transport disruption (e.g. Panama Canal affected by drought)
• Crop yield losses up to 22%

3. Ecological Impact

• Soil Moisture Decline: Since 1980, 37% of land has seen significant loss
• Groundwater Depletion: 62% of monitored aquifers in global decline

4. Humanitarian Impact

• Droughts cause 34% of all disaster-related deaths (WMO, 2021)
• Aggravates poverty, inequality, and displacement

Drought Management & Prevention Global Initiatives

1. UNCCD Drought Initiative

• Under the UN Convention to Combat Desertification
• Focuses on early warning, vulnerability assessments, and national drought plans

2. International Drought Management Program

• Led by World Meteorological Organization (WMO) & Global Water Partnership

Barak Magen (Lightning Shield)

About:

• Meaning: Barak Magen = "Lightning Shield" in Hebrew
• Type: Advanced Naval Air Defence System
• Developed by: Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI)
• Purpose: To protect against Iranian drone and missile threats

Key Features:

• Can intercept UAVs (drones), Cruise missiles, High-trajectory projectiles, Shore-to-sea missiles.
• Deployed on Israeli naval vessels for enhanced maritime security

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