2 August 2025 Current Affairs (With PDF)

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Grant-in-Aid to NCDC Scheme

Financial Allocation

The scheme involves a total budgetary provision of ₹2,000 crore spread over four financial years (2025–26 to 2028–29), with an annual contribution of ₹500 crore from the Union Government.

Scheme Classification

It is a Central Sector Scheme, fully funded by the Central Government.

Purpose

The initiative aims to extend financial support to cooperative societies by providing loans for:

• Establishing new ventures
• Expanding or upgrading existing operations
• Meeting working capital requirements to ensure smooth functioning

Funding Strategy

The grant-in-aid will empower the National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC) to leverage an additional ₹20,000 crore from the market during the scheme’s duration.

Nodal Agency

NCDC will act as the implementing body, responsible for:

• Loan disbursal
• Oversight and evaluation of project execution
• Ensuring timely loan recovery

Scope of Financial Assistance

Loans under the scheme will cover:

• Long-term financing for infrastructure development, modernization, technology upgrades, and sectoral expansion
• Working capital to help cooperatives manage daily operations and enhance profitability

Expected Impact

• Address socio-economic disparities and promote women's participation in cooperative enterprises
• Facilitate creation of income-generating assets and ensure liquidity support
• Encourage modernization, increase operational efficiency, and improve overall productivity and financial returns for cooperatives

Indigenous Green Hydrogen Power Plant Commissioned at Kandla Port

A 1 MW Green Hydrogen Power Plant (GHPP) has been successfully installed at Kandla Port, capable of generating around 140 metric tonnes of green hydrogen annually. This marks a significant milestone under the National Green Hydrogen Mission, reflecting India’s growing capacity in clean energy innovation.

What is Green Hydrogen?

Green hydrogen is hydrogen produced through electrolysis, a process that separates water (H₂O) into hydrogen and oxygen using electricity derived entirely from renewable energy sources like wind or solar. It is considered environmentally friendly because it doesn’t emit carbon during production.

Key Applications of Green Hydrogen

1. Industrial Use:

• As a clean substitute in steel manufacturing, replacing coking coal
• For refineries and fertilizer industries, replacing grey hydrogen in ammonia and methanol production

2. Transport Sector:

• Powering fuel cell electric vehicles like buses and long-haul trucks

3. Energy Storage and Grid Support:

• Acts as a medium to store renewable energy and release it during high demand periods

National Green Hydrogen Mission - Overview

• Vision: Establish India as a global leader in the production, use, and export of green hydrogen and its derivatives
• Target: Achieve 5 million metric tonnes (MMT) of green hydrogen production annually by 2030
• Implementing Body: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE)

Key Components

• SIGHT Programme: Strategic support for the manufacturing of electrolysers and green hydrogen production
• Pilot Projects: In critical sectors such as steel, mobility, and shipping

Major Challenges to Widespread Adoption

• High Cost of Production: Current green hydrogen production costs are approximately $4–$6 per kg, making it less economically competitive
• Storage Difficulties: Requires specialized, high-pressure containers or cryogenic temperatures
• Water Usage: Up to 9 liters of water are required to produce 1 kg of hydrogen
• Energy Requirements: Producing 1 kg of hydrogen through electrolysis consumes roughly 48 kWh of electricity

Proposed Solutions and Future Strategy

• Cost Reduction Measures: Lowering GST rates, offering access to cheap renewable power, and promoting green financing
• Incentives: Production-Linked Incentives (PLI) for sectors like green steel with export potential
• Investment in Innovation: A proposed investment of $1 billion by 2030 to develop scalable technologies
• Market Development: Introduction of Green Hydrogen Purchase Obligations (GHPO) for industries to stimulate demand

Apex Court recommends Parliament to reconsider entrusting Speaker with decision on Disqualification

Here is a rephrased version of the information about the Padi Kaushik Reddy v. State of Telangana (2025) judgment and related cases, avoiding copyright concerns:

Supreme Court Ruling in Padi Kaushik Reddy v. State of Telangana (2025)

The Supreme Court recently intervened in a case involving undue delays by the Speaker of the Telangana Legislative Assembly in adjudicating disqualification pleas against 10 MLAs. The case highlighted constitutional concerns under the Tenth Schedule, which deals with anti-defection provisions.

Key Takeaways from the Verdict

• The Court criticized the Speaker’s inaction, setting aside an earlier High Court ruling and ordered that the disqualification proceedings be completed within three months from July 31, 2025.
• The bench emphasized that when the Speaker functions as a quasi-judicial body, timely adjudication is essential. Delay, the Court warned, can render the whole process meaningless — likening it to a scenario where the "operation is successful, but the patient dies".
• It urged Parliament to consider legislative reforms that could include transferring the responsibility for deciding disqualifications to an independent body, to avoid manipulation and delay.

Important Precedents Referenced

1. Kihoto Hollohan v. Zachillhu (1992)

• Held that the Speaker’s decision is subject to judicial review on jurisdictional grounds.
• However, preventive interventions (known as quia timet actions) are generally not permitted before the Speaker delivers a verdict.

2. Keisham Meghachandra Singh v. Speaker, Manipur Legislative Assembly (2020)

• The Court mandated a three-month timeline for deciding disqualification petitions.
• It also recommended replacing the Speaker with an independent tribunal, arguing this would ensure faster and fairer adjudication.

About the Disqualification of Legislators

1. Tenth Schedule (Anti-Defection Law), added by the Constitution (Fifty-Second Amendment) Act, 1985, aimed to combat political defections and safeguard democracy.

2. It entrusted the Speaker/Chairman with adjudication for fearless and expeditious decisions, explicitly to avoid lengthy court delays.

3. Grounds for Disqualification:

• Voluntarily giving up party membership
• Defying party whip during voting
• If an independently elected legislator joins a political party.
• If a nominated member and joins any political party, after six months from the day he became a legislator.

White Paper on Blue Economy: Roadmap for Sustainable Marine Growth

The Government of India has released a White Paper titled “Transforming India’s Blue Economy: Investment, Innovation and Sustainable Growth”, which presents a long-term strategy up to 2035. The document outlines actionable steps to prioritize viable projects, instill investor confidence, and position the blue economy as a key driver of India’s development goals.

Understanding the Blue Economy

The Blue Economy refers to the sustainable use of ocean resources, as well as coastal and marine infrastructure, to support economic growth, livelihoods, ecological conservation, and national security. It spans sectors like fisheries, maritime transport, tourism, offshore energy, and marine biotechnology.

Strategic Importance

India’s expansive coastline of 11,098 km and its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of 2.4 million sq. km give it a significant advantage in leveraging the ocean-based economy. As a result, the blue economy is seen as a foundational pillar for the vision of Viksit Bharat 2047, the roadmap for a developed India.

Sectoral Challenges

While the potential is vast, key challenges persist:

• Fragmented governance and lack of coordination among multiple ministries and stakeholders
• Limited access to capital for blue economy initiatives
• Inadequate infrastructure and underutilized maritime technology
• Low community participation in sustainable marine practices

Key Recommendations of the White Paper

1. Strengthen Inter-agency Coordination:

• Enhance institutional mechanisms for better data sharing and policy alignment between various ministries and departments

2. Mobilize Investment:

• Attract domestic and international capital through innovative tools like blue bonds, blended finance models, public-private partnerships (PPPs), and sovereign-backed guarantees

3. Scale Proven Models:

Replicate successful initiatives such as:

• Women-led seaweed farming cooperatives in Odisha
• Smart port initiatives in Kochi
• Eco-tourism ventures in the Andaman Islands

Cabinet Approves Enhanced Outlay for PMKSY (2021–2026)

The Union Cabinet has sanctioned a revised financial allocation of ₹6,520 crore for the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada Yojana (PMKSY) for the 15th Finance Commission period (2021–22 to 2025–26).

Key Announcements

1. Integrated Cold Chain & Value Addition Infrastructure (ICCVAI):

• ₹1,000 crore set aside for establishing 50 Multi-Product Food Irradiation Units, aimed at enhancing food preservation and storage.

2. Food Safety & Quality Assurance Infrastructure (FSQAI):

• Plan to support 100 NABL-accredited Food Testing Laboratories (FTLs)
• Objective: Build robust infrastructure to ensure food safety compliance and supply of safe, quality food products.

About PMKSY

1. Launched:

• 2017-18

2. Type:

• Central Sector Scheme under the Ministry of Food Processing Industries

3. Aim:

• Create modern supply chain infrastructure from farm gates to retail markets, enhancing value addition and reducing food wastage.

4. Nature:

• Demand-driven, not restricted by geography or crop type

5. Key Components:

• Integrated Cold Chain and Value Addition Infrastructure (ICCVAI)
• Food Safety and Quality Assurance Infrastructure (FSQAI)
• Agro Processing Clusters
• Creation/Expansion of Food Processing and Preservation Capacities
• Operation Greens

As of June 30, 2024, 1,217 projects have been sanctioned under PMKSY, with total private investment commitments exceeding ₹22,610 crore.

Starlink Gets Approval to Launch Satellite Internet Services in India

Starlink, a satellite internet venture by SpaceX, has received the green light to roll out satellite-based broadband across India. The service leverages a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellation to provide high-speed internet access globally.

What is Satellite Internet?

Satellite internet refers to wireless broadband connectivity delivered via orbiting communication satellites. It can reach areas lacking terrestrial internet infrastructure.

Importance for India

• Bridging Connectivity Gaps: Ideal for remote and inaccessible regions, such as northeastern states and the Himalayan belt (e.g., Siachen).
• Disaster-Resilient Communication: Ensures emergency connectivity in disaster-hit or climate-vulnerable zones.
• Boost to Digital Initiatives: Supports IoT, smart farming, telemedicine, distance learning, and rural digitization efforts.
• Security and Defense Utility: Already utilized by Indian armed forces for reliable communication in high-altitude conflict zones.

Challenges in Adoption

• Affordability Issues: Higher cost than conventional broadband may hinder uptake in rural areas.
• Infrastructure and Technical Barriers: High satellite and receiver costs, bandwidth limits, and latency issues.
• Market Constraints: Urban areas already have faster, cheaper alternatives.
• Policy & Regulatory Concerns: Data privacy, cyber security, and national security implications.

Short News

• Cabinet Boosts PMKSY Funding: The Union Cabinet has approved an additional ₹6,520 crore outlay for the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada Yojana (PMKSY) for 2021–2026. Key allocations include ₹1,000 crore for 50 food irradiation units and funding for 100 NABL-accredited food testing labs. PMKSY aims to modernize farm-to-retail infrastructure and ensure food safety.
• Starlink Gets License for Satellite Internet in India: Starlink, a SpaceX initiative, has received approval to provide satellite-based broadband services in India. Aimed at bridging the digital divide, especially in remote areas, satellite internet supports disaster communication, IoT, telemedicine, and military connectivity, despite high costs and technical challenges.
• Lok Sabha Panel of Chairpersons Nominated: The Lok Sabha Speaker has nominated MPs to a Panel of Chairpersons under Rule 9 of the House’s procedural rules. These MPs can preside over sessions in the absence of the Speaker or Deputy Speaker, though they cannot act when both posts are vacant - in which case, the President appoints a member temporarily.
• India Discovers New Rare Blood Group - CRIB: A new rare blood group named CRIB has been identified for the first time globally. It belongs to the Cromer blood group system, involving antigens on the decay-accelerating factor (CD55). The group name reflects its discovery in India, Bengaluru and is significant due to its rarity (found in just 0.1% of population).
• Tulsidas’ 500th Birth Anniversary Celebrated: India commemorated the 500th birth anniversary of Goswami Tulsidas, famed for composing the Ramcharitmanas in Awadhi. Born in Banda district, UP, he also authored literary works such as Dohavali, Gitavali, Vinaya Patrika, and more, playing a pivotal role in popularizing Lord Ram’s story during Akbar’s era.
• New ‘Sense’ in Gut Linked to Brain Activity: A Duke University study has found that flagellin, a protein from gut bacteria, is sensed by special cells called neuropods, which communicate with the brain via the vagus nerve. This discovery may lead to new therapies for obesity, anxiety, and depression.
• Darwin Tree of Life (DTOL) Project Nears Phase 1 Completion: The UK-based DTOL project is sequencing 70,000 eukaryotic species from Britain and Ireland, as part of the Earth BioGenome Project (EBP). This initiative seeks to catalogue all eukaryotic life within a decade, aiding biodiversity and conservation efforts globally.
• President Appoints Additional High Court Judges: The President of India has appointed new Additional Judges under Article 224 of the Constitution to manage increased workloads in High Courts. These judges serve for a maximum of two years or until they reach the age of 62.
• Mandatory ABHA ID Recording for All Patients: The National Medical Commission (NMC) has directed medical institutions to record ABHA IDs (Ayushman Bharat Health Account) during patient registration. The 14-digit digital health ID facilitates participation in the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission, which aims to build a unified digital health ecosystem.
• Indo-Burma Ramsar Regional Initiative (IBRRI) Pushes Wetland Conservation: At Ramsar COP15, the IBRRI reiterated its goal to halt wetland loss across Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. Supported by IUCN’s BRIDGE project, the initiative focuses on transboundary water governance and biodiversity protection in the Indo-Burma region.

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