20 November 2025 Current Affairs (With PDF)

Stay updated with 20 November 2025 Current Affairs on this page! We bring you the most relevant and important news updates from around the world and India, specially curated for competitive exams and different entrance exams. Today's Current Affairs cover all significant national and international headlines, legal updates, economic news, and environmental highlights to boost your preparation. With our crisp, to-the-point coverage, you can confidently tackle current affairs questions in your exams.

New Modalities Introduced under PMFBY to Enhance Farmer Protection

The Government of India has approved a revised implementation framework for the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY), which will come into effect from the Kharif 2026 season. The updated modalities aim to expand risk coverage, strengthen transparency, and ensure quicker compensation for farmers.

Key Updates under the Revised PMFBY Framework

1. Expansion of Risk Coverage:

• Wild Animal Attack Included: Added as the 5th add-on cover under localised risks.
• States will opt for this coverage based on regional vulnerability.

2. Reinstated Protection Measures:

Paddy Inundation Cover Restored

• Reintroduced as a localised calamity cover.
• Previously discontinued in 2018.

3. State-Level Customisation:

Identification of Vulnerable Zones

States will notify:

• List of wild animals posing crop risks.
• Sensitive districts/blocks based on historical damage data.

4. Strengthened Reporting Requirements:

Mandatory Farmer Reporting

• Loss intimation must be submitted within 72 hours.
• Reporting via the official crop insurance mobile app with: Geo-tagged images & Basic loss description

Comprehensive Risk Coverage under PMFBY

1. Prevented Sowing/Planting/Germination:

• Covers failure of sowing or germination due to: Deficit rainfall & Prolonged dry or adverse seasonal conditions

2. Protection for Standing Crops:

• Compensation for yield loss from: Drought, Dry spells, Floods & inundation, Excess/untimely rainfall

3. Post-Harvest Loss Coverage:

• Applies up to two weeks after harvest for crops left in the field for drying.
• Risks covered: Cyclones, Unseasonal rainfall, Hailstorms

4. Localised Calamity Coverage:

• Protects against: Landslides, Hailstorms, Other notified localised events

5. Add-on Wildlife Damage Cover:

• Optional for states.
• Covers crop loss due to attacks by notified wild animals.

Exclusions

Losses caused by:

• War or war-like operations
• Nuclear hazards
• Malicious or preventable human actions
• Avoidable risks not arising from natural events

About Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY)

1. Overview:

• Launched: 2016
• Ministry: Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare
• Scheme Type: Central Sector Scheme

2. Objectives:

• Provide financial protection to farmers against crop failure.
• Stabilise farm income and ensure improved agricultural credit flow.
• Promote modern farming techniques, sustainable practices, and crop diversification.

3. Eligibility:

• All farmers-including: Sharecroppers, Tenant farmers
• Must be cultivating notified crops in notified areas.

4. Premium Structure for Farmers:

• Kharif Crops: 2% of sum insured
• Rabi Crops: 1.5%
• Commercial & Horticulture Crops: 5%

5. Government Premium Sharing:

• Central : State = 50 : 50
• For North-Eastern & Himalayan States: 90 : 10 (Centre : State)

Supreme Court Recalls Judgment Invalidating Ex-Post Facto Environmental Clearances

The Supreme Court has withdrawn its earlier Vanashakti judgment, which had categorically prohibited the grant of ex-post facto Environmental Clearances (ECs). The recall comes after the Court acknowledged that crucial legal precedents were overlooked in the earlier ruling.

Background: The Vanashakti Judgment

The judgment had:

• Struck down the 2017 Notification and 2021 Office Memorandum that allowed ex-post facto ECs.
• Prohibited granting ECs after a project had already begun.

Why the Supreme Court Recalled the Vanashakti Judgment?

1. Ignoring Binding Judicial Precedents:

• The Court noted that several earlier decisions of coordinate benches-supporting limited, conditional post-facto ECs—were not considered, making the ruling per incuriam.

2. Key Judgments Overlooked:

• D. Swamy v. Karnataka State Pollution Control Board (2021): Held that post-facto ECs may be issued in exceptional situations.
• Alembic Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (2020): Though critical of post-facto ECs, the Court regularised existing clearances upon payment of environmental compensation.

3. Preventing High Economic and Environmental Costs:

Strict application of the Vanashakti ruling would:

• Require demolition of large, completed public projects.
• Lead to additional environmental harm from: Rubble disposal, Rebuilding activities and Higher emissions during reconstruction

Understanding Ex-Post Facto Environmental Clearance

1. What It Means?

• An ex-post facto EC allows a project to continue even if construction or operations began without obtaining mandatory prior environmental approvals.

2. Legal Position:

• The EIA Notification, 2006 mandates prior EC for all listed projects.
• Historically, courts have rejected the concept: Common Cause v. Union of India (2017) held that retrospective ECs contradict environmental principles.

Environmental Clearance (EC): Overview

1. What Requires EC?

• EC is mandatory for activities with significant environmental impact, including: Mining, Large infrastructure, Thermal power projects, Industrial operations
• The EIA Notification, 2006 covers 39+ categories of such projects.

2. Categorisation of Projects

• Category A: Assessed at the Central level by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
• Category B: Evaluated by the State/UT Environmental Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA).

National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (NAP-AMR) 2.0 Launched

The Union Government has unveiled the second phase of the National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (NAP-AMR 2.0) for the period 2025–2029, aimed at strengthening India’s coordinated response to the growing challenge of antimicrobial resistance.

About NAP-AMR 2.0 (2025–29)

1. Continuation and Strengthening of AMR Strategy:

• Builds on the achievements and gaps identified under the first NAP (2017–2021).
• Aligns with the WHO Global Action Plan on AMR, ensuring harmonisation with global health commitments.

2. Ministry-Wise Action Plans:

• Each major stakeholder ministry/department-health, animal husbandry, environment, food safety, pharmaceuticals, etc.has:
  - Clearly defined responsibilities
  - Specific timelines
  - Indicative budgets
• Enables robust monitoring and accountability in AMR mitigation efforts.

3. Key Strategic Pillars:

a. Strengthened Inter-Sectoral Coordination:

• Institutional mechanisms to improve shared ownership and convergence across human health, agriculture, veterinary sciences, and the environment.

b. Enhanced Laboratory and Surveillance Capacity:

• Upgrading microbiology labs
• Strengthening infection prevention and control (IPC) across healthcare facilities

c. Greater Private Sector Engagement:

• Collaboration with private hospitals, pharmaceutical companies, diagnostic networks, and allied stakeholders.

About Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)

1. What is AMR?

• AMR arises when bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites adapt to survive exposure to antimicrobial medicines, making standard treatments ineffective.

2. Impact of AMR:

a. Global Public Health Risk:

• Contributes to approximately 4.95 million deaths annually worldwide.
• 1.27 million deaths are directly caused by drug-resistant infections.

b. Increased Healthcare Costs:

• Ineffective treatment leads to: Longer hospital stays & Higher medical bills for patients and families

c. Economic and Productivity Losses:

• Reduced labour productivity and increased morbidity affect: National workforce efficiency & Global economic stability

d. Delays and Failures in Treatment:

• Resistance makes many first-line antibiotics ineffective, delaying recovery.

e. Broader Systemic Impact:

• Food Production: AMR affects livestock and aquaculture productivity.
• Medical Safety: Compromises procedures like organ transplants, cancer chemotherapy, and major surgeries.
• Threat to Medical Progress: Reverses decades of advancements in healthcare.

Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI) 2025 Released

The latest Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI) has been released, assessing the climate mitigation performance of 63 countries and the European Union, together responsible for over 90% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

About the Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI)

1. Publishing Organisations:

The index is jointly released by:

• Germanwatch
• NewClimate Institute
• Climate Action Network (CAN)

2. Purpose:

• Provides an independent monitoring tool to track national climate protection performance.
• Aims to increase transparency in international climate politics.

Ranking Highlights (2025 Edition)

1. Global Positioning:

• No country occupies the top three positions, indicating the global gap in meeting Paris Agreement targets.
• Denmark ranked 4th, followed by: United Kingdom & Morocco

2. Parameters Measured:

• CCPI evaluates four main dimensions: GHG Emissions, Renewable Energy, Energy Use, Climate Policy

Findings for India

1. India's Rank:

• India is placed at 23rd, shifting from a high performer to a medium performer this year.

2. Key Concerns Identified:

• Lack of a national coal phase-out timeline.
• Ongoing auctioning of new coal blocks.

3. Recommendations / Key Demands:

• Establish a time-bound coal phase-down leading eventually to a complete phase-out.
• Redirect fossil fuel subsidies towards:
  - Decentralised renewable energy
  - Community-owned clean energy systems

6th National Water Awards (2024): Maharashtra Tops the Rankings

The 6th National Water Awards (2024) have been announced, where Maharashtra secured the first position in the Best State category, followed by Gujarat and Haryana. The awards recognise outstanding efforts in sustainable water management across the country.

About National Water Awards

1. Organising Authority:

• Instituted by the Department of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation, Ministry of Jal Shakti.

2. Objective of the Awards:

a. Promote public awareness on:

• The significance of water conservation
• Sustainable water resource management

b. Encourage individuals and institutions to:

• Adopt innovative water-saving practices
• Participate actively in water stewardship

3. Categories of Awards:

• Presented across 10 categories

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