23 August 2025 Current Affairs (With PDF)

Stay updated with 23 August 2025 Current Affairs on this page! We bring you the most relevant and important news updates from around the world and India, specially curated for competitive exams and different entrance exams. Today's Current Affairs cover all significant national and international headlines, legal updates, economic news, and environmental highlights to boost your preparation. With our crisp, to-the-point coverage, you can confidently tackle current affairs questions in your exams. 

 

Gender Disparity in Organ Donation in India 

Why in News

• The National Organ & Tissue Transplant Organisation (NOTTO) has released a 10-point advisory to address gender imbalance in organ donation and transplantation. 
• The advisory mandates priority allocation for women patients and relatives of deceased donors awaiting organ transplants. 

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Context

(a) Organ donation involves the surgical removal and transplantation of organs/tissues from a donor to a recipient. 

(b) Globally, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 1.3 lakh solid organ transplants are performed annually, meeting only 10% of global demand. 

(c) In India, data (2019–2023) reveals a paradox: 

• 63.8% of living donors were women. 
• 69.8% of recipients were men. 

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Reasons for Gender Disparity in Organ Donation 

1. Patriarchal Norms 

Women are socially conditioned as caregivers and expected to “sacrifice” for family well-being. 

2. Economic Concerns 

Men, being perceived as primary earners, are shielded from donation risks to preserve income security. 

3. Neglect of Women’s Health 

Medical prioritization often favors male patients, leaving women underrepresented among recipients. 

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Key Provisions of NOTTO Advisory

1. Strengthening National Registry:

Mandatory reporting by all hospitals and centres engaged in organ retrieval/transplantation. 

2. Priority for Donor Families:

Relatives of deceased donors to receive preference if awaiting a transplant. 

3. Addressing Gender Disparity:

Additional allocation points for women recipients on waiting lists. 

4. Permanent Transplant Coordinators:

States to create permanent posts to assist donor families, manage documentation, and ensure smooth procedures. 

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About NOTTO

(a) Apex body under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. 

(b) Functions: 

• Coordination and networking of organ/tissue procurement and distribution. 
• Maintenance of the National Registry for organ and tissue donation and transplantation. 

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Legal Framework in India

1. Transplantation of Human Organs Act, 1994 

• Regulates removal, storage, and transplantation of human organs. 
• Allows donations primarily from close relatives; altruistic donations permitted with safeguards against commercial dealings. 

2. Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues (THOT) Rules, 2014 

• Prevent organ trafficking. 
• Encourage cadaveric donations. 
• Lay down ethical and procedural safeguards. 

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Facts to Remember

1. World Organ Donation Day:

13th August. 

2. Indian Organ Donation Day:

Observed on 3rd August (since 2023) to mark the first deceased heart transplant in India (1994). 

3. Organ Donation Month:

July, as declared by NOTTO. 

 

India–EAEU Sign Terms of Reference for Free Trade Agreement Negotiations 

Why in News

India and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) have signed the Terms of Reference (ToR) in Moscow to formally begin negotiations on a Free Trade Agreement (FTA). 

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About the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)

An international organization for regional economic integration with a legal personality. 

1. Objectives: 

• Promote economic cooperation and competitiveness. 
• Facilitate free movement of goods, services, capital, and labour. 
• Implement coordinated economic policies among members. 

2. Members:

• Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, and Russia. 

3. Membership:

• Open to any state sharing EAEU’s goals, subject to agreement by existing members. 

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Potential Benefits of the India–EAEU FTA

1. Expanded Market Access:

Wider opportunities for Indian exporters in new geographies and sectors. 

2. Support for MSMEs:

Improved competitiveness and reduced entry barriers for smaller enterprises. 

3. Strategic Diversification:

Reduce dependency on existing partners and counterbalance non-market economies. 

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Challenges in India–EAEU Trade Relations

1. Trade Imbalance 

• Post-2022, Russia now supplies 35–40% of India’s oil imports (earlier <2%). 
• However, Indian exports to Russia remain limited, creating a $60+ billion trade deficit. 

2. Currency Mechanisms 

• Earlier attempts at a rupee–ruble trade system failed. 
• Russia–China trade has successfully shifted to domestic currencies, while India is still exploring workable mechanisms. 

3. External Trade Pressures 

• Rising U.S. tariffs (potentially up to 50%) on Indian exports, particularly textiles and pharmaceuticals. 
• Pushes Indian exporters to seek alternative markets like Russia. 

4. Sectoral Dependence 

• India’s exports to Russia largely concentrated in engineering goods, electronics, and pharmaceuticals, needing broader diversification. 

 

Parliamentary Panel Flags Aviation Safety Gaps 

Why in News

A Parliamentary Standing Committee has highlighted critical gaps in India’s aviation safety ecosystem and recommended granting full financial and administrative autonomy to the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA). 

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Key Concerns Identified

1. Institutional Weakness 

• DGCA lacks autonomy, remaining dependent on the Ministry, limiting its ability to act as an independent regulator. 

2. Human Resource Shortages 

• Against a sanctioned strength of 1,063 posts, only 553 are filled (~50% shortfall). 
• Recruitment suffers due to non-competitive salaries and delays. 

3. Air Traffic Controller (ATCO) Deficit 

• Shortage of ATCOs with growing fatigue risks. 
• Airports Authority of India (AAI) criticised for not following duty-time limits. 

4. Operational & Infrastructure Gaps 

• Aircraft induction is outpacing airport expansion. 
• High recurrence of runway incursions, bird strikes, and engine failures. 

5. Strategic & Economic Dependence 

• 85% reliance on foreign MRO (Maintenance, Repair, Overhaul) facilities. 
• Safety lapses in helicopter operations, especially in hilly terrains, due to lack of a uniform regulatory framework and specialised training. 

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Major Recommendations

1. DGCA Reforms: 

• Full financial/administrative autonomy. 
• Direct recruitment with industry-matching salaries. 

2. Air Traffic Management: 

• Introduce a Fatigue Risk Management System (FRMS). 
• Conduct staffing audits. 
• Deploy AI-based automation for ATC. 

3. Capacity Alignment: 

• Develop a National Capacity Alignment Plan to synchronise airport and airline fleet growth. 

4. MRO Policy: 

• Incentivise domestic MRO through rationalised taxes and policy support. 

5. Operational Safety: 

• Mandatory root-cause analysis for high-risk incidents. 
• Strengthen preventive safety programmes. 

6. Helicopter Safety: 

• Establish a uniform regulatory framework. 
• Introduce terrain-specific pilot training. 

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Regulatory Framework of Civil Aviation in India

1. Ministry of Civil Aviation:

Frames policies; administers Aircraft Act (1934), Aircraft Rules (1937). 

2. DGCA: Apex safety regulator:

enforces civil aviation regulations, airworthiness, and compliance with ICAO standards. 

3. Airports Authority of India (AAI):

Develops and manages airports and air navigation services. 

4. Bureau of Civil Aviation Security (BCAS):

Sets standards and security measures for civil flights. 

5. Bilateral Air Services Agreements (BASAs):

Frameworks for international air services between India and partner countries. 

 

NTCA Restricts Tiger Corridors to Minimum Pathways 

Why in News

The National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) has revised its earlier approach by restricting tiger corridors to 32 “least-cost pathways” (identified in 2014). This marks a departure from its earlier stance of endorsing a broader, science-based corridor network to ensure long-term tiger survival. 

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About the Tiger (Panthera tigris)

1. Habitat Adaptability:

Tigers thrive in varied ecosystems—tropical forests, grasslands, mangroves, and even snow-covered terrains. 

2. Global Distribution:

Present in countries such as India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, Malaysia, Indonesia, China, Russia, and Thailand. 

3. Conservation Status:

Listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List. 

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Tiger Status in India

1. Population Growth:

Increased from 2,967 in 2018 to 3,682 in 2022, with a growth rate of 6.1% annually in consistently monitored habitats. 

2. Reserves:

India hosts 58 tiger reserves, covering about 2.5% of national landmass. 

3. Recent Expansion:

The Sundarbans Tiger Reserve (West Bengal) has become the country’s second-largest tiger reserve after an additional 1,044.68 sq km was approved by the National Board for Wildlife (NBWL). 

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Importance of Tiger Corridors

• Ensure connectivity between fragmented habitats. 
• Facilitate tiger movement and dispersal. 
• Maintain gene flow and genetic diversity. 
• Crucial for long-term population viability. 

Under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, any activity in or around tiger corridors requires clearance from the Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife (SC-NBWL). 

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Institutional Framework for Conservation

1. National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA): 

• A statutory body under the Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEFCC). 
• Created via the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 (amendment in 2006). 
• Provides guidelines, advisories, and monitoring for tiger conservation. 

2. Project Tiger (1973): 

• India’s flagship Centrally Sponsored Scheme. 
• Focuses on in-situ conservation through protected reserves. 
• Has been instrumental in reversing the decline of tiger populations. 

 

Khelo India Water Sports Festival at Dal Lake 

Why in News

The iconic Dal Lake in Srinagar is hosting the inaugural edition of the Khelo India Water Sports Festival, marking a major boost to water-based sporting culture in India. 

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Key Highlights of the Festival

1. Organisers:

Jointly conducted by the Sports Authority of India (SAI) and the Jammu & Kashmir Sports Council. 

2. Participation:

Over 500 athletes from 36 states and union territories are competing. 

3. Competitive Events:

Rowing, canoeing, and kayaking. 

4. Demonstration Events:

Water skiing, dragon boat race, and the traditional Shikara race. 

5. Mascot:

Inspired by the Himalayan Kingfisher, symbolising agility, energy, and harmony with nature. 

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Significance 

1. Part of the Centre’s Khelo Bharat policy aimed at: 

• Promoting grassroots sports. 
• Enhancing livelihood opportunities. 
• Revitalising sports infrastructure in J&K. 

2. Encourages:

Water adventure tourism and contributes to the socio-economic development of the Valley. 

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About Dal Lake

1. Location:

Srinagar, at the base of the Zabarwan mountain range with the Shankaracharya Hill overlooking it. 

2. Nature:

A freshwater urban lake, also functioning as a natural flood reservoir for the Jhelum River basin. 

3. Extent:

Covers nearly 18 sq km, making it the second-largest lake in Jammu & Kashmir. 

4. Unique Feature:

Known for floating gardens (Raad), where vegetables and flowers are cultivated. 

 

CCPA Imposes Penalty on Rapido for Misleading Advertisements

Why in News

The Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) has fined Rapido ₹10 lakh for misleading advertisements and unfair trade practices in two campaigns – “Guaranteed Auto” and “AUTO IN 5 MIN OR GET ₹50”. 

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What is Misleading Advertising?

• Refers to promotion using false, deceptive, or unverified claims that mislead consumers. 
• Can occur through intentional deception, negligence, or omission of facts. 

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Ethical Perspectives on Misleading Ads

1. Deontological Ethics (Duty-Based) 

• Misleading consumers is inherently unethical as it violates the duty of honesty. 
• Truthfulness is an obligation, regardless of outcomes. 

2. Utilitarian Ethics (Consequence-Based) 

• The ads led to consumer harm and loss of trust. 
• The penalty ensures a greater net benefit by deterring unethical practices. 

3. Virtue Ethics (Character-Based) 

• Rapido’s conduct reflects a lack of honesty, fairness, and integrity. 
• It prioritised short-term profit over building trustworthy consumer relations. 

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Legal Provisions under Consumer Protection Act, 2019

1. Section 20:

Empowers CCPA to halt unfair trade practices and order refunds. 

2. Section 21:

Deals specifically with misleading advertisements, enabling penalties against advertisers, endorsers, and service providers. 

 

Piprahwa Relics

Why in News

• Uttar Pradesh CM Yogi Adityanath announced that the Piprahwa relics, repatriated to India after 127 years, will be restored to their original site in Piprahwa (Siddharthnagar district, UP). 
• The state government has also unveiled plans for a Buddhist theme park at the site. 

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About Piprahwa Relics

• Excavated in 1898 by W.C. Peppé. 
• Comprise Buddha’s ash, bone fragments, gold ornaments, and precious stones. 
• Initially taken abroad, the relics have now been brought back to India. 

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Development Plans

1. A 20-hectare theme park will be developed, featuring: 

• A stupa housing the relics. 
• Meditation zones for visitors and pilgrims. 
• Attractions narrating Buddha’s early life and teachings. 

2. The park will be built in front of the ASI-protected Piprahwa Stupa. 

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Historical & Cultural Significance

1. Piprahwa Stupa:

• Associated with the Shakya kingdom and Kapilvastu, the childhood home of the Buddha. 

2. Location:

• Piprahwa village, Siddharthnagar district, Uttar Pradesh. 
• Situated close to Lumbini (Nepal), the birthplace of Lord Buddha. 

3. Recognised:

• as an important yet lesser-known site in the Buddhist tourism circuit of Uttar Pradesh. 

 

NASA Discovers 29th Moon of Uranus, Named S/2025 U1 

Why in News

NASA confirmed that the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has discovered a new, 29th natural satellite of Uranus, temporarily designated S/2025 U1. 

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About S/2025 U1

1. Size:

Approx. 10 km in diameter (among the smallest known Uranian moons). 

2. Orbit:

Roughly 56,000 km from Uranus. 

3. Naming:

Will receive an official name later from the International Astronomical Union (IAU). 

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Uranus at a Glance

1. Position:

• 7th planet from the Sun, third-largest in the Solar System. 

2. Discovery:

• Identified as a planet in 1781 by Sir William Herschel (earlier mistaken for a star). 

3. Nature:

• Classified as an ice giant, composed mainly of hydrogen, helium, water, methane, and ammonia. 

4. Moons: 

• Now totals 29 moons. 
• Five major moons: Miranda, Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, and Oberon. 

5. Exploration:

• Only visited once, by Voyager 2 in 1986. 

 

‘Sustainable Power 1404’ Exercise 

Why in News

Iran launched its large-scale ‘Sustainable Power 1404’ military drill in the northern Indian Ocean and Sea of Oman, marking its first such exercise after the June 2025 12-day war with Israel. 

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Key Features of the Exercise

1. Duration:

• Two-day missile and naval drill. 

2. Context: 

• Follows Casarex 2025 (Iran–Russia joint exercise). 
• Comes as a response to Israeli drills simulating strikes on Iran’s nuclear sites. 

3. Capabilities Demonstrated: 

• Deployment of warships, air units, missile defense systems, and electronic warfare brigades. 
• Use of precision-strike cruise missiles such as Nasir and Qadir to boost deterrence and combat readiness. 

4. Strategic Objective:

• Showcasing naval and missile strength amid rising regional tensions. 

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Iran’s Naval Forces 

Iran maintains two distinct naval arms: 

• Islamic Republic of Iran Navy (IRIN) – part of the conventional army; responsible for patrolling the Gulf of Oman, Indian Ocean, and Caspian Sea. 
• Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Navy (IRGCN) – controls the Persian Gulf and Strait of Hormuz, crucial chokepoints for global oil supply. 

 

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