26 December 2025 Current Affairs (With PDF)

Stay updated with 26 December 2025 Current Affairs on this page! We bring you the most relevant and important news updates from around the world and India, specially curated for competitive exams and different entrance exams. Today's Current Affairs cover all significant national and international headlines, legal updates, economic news, and environmental highlights to boost your preparation. With our crisp, to-the-point coverage, you can confidently tackle current affairs questions in your exams.

PESA Mahotsav 2025: Advancing Tribal Self-Governance in Scheduled Areas

PESA Mahotsav 2025 Held in Visakhapatnam to Reaffirm Tribal Self-Rule and Grassroots Democracy in Fifth Schedule Areas.

About the PESA Act

• Genesis: Enacted in 1996, based on the recommendations of the Bhuria Committee (1995), Aimed at correcting the historical exclusion of Scheduled Areas from mainstream decentralised governance.
• Constitutional Rationale: Designed to bridge the gap left by the 73rd Constitutional Amendment (Part IX), which did not automatically extend Panchayati Raj institutions to Fifth Schedule Areas.
• Legislative and Institutional Framework: State legislatures are expected to adapt laws in a facilitative and advisory manner, respecting tribal autonomy, Ministry of Panchayati Raj (MoPR) functions as the nodal ministry for implementation.
• Geographical Coverage: Applicable across 10 Fifth Schedule States, Covers nearly 77,500 villages and around 22,000 Panchayats, giving PESA nationwide relevance.

Significance of the PESA Act

• Demographic Empowerment: Addresses governance needs of 8.6% of India’s population, largely belonging to Scheduled Tribes.
• Primacy of Gram Sabha: Gram Sabha is the cornerstone of self-governance, exercising authority over Social and cultural affairs & Economic decisions affecting the community
• Protection of Land and Livelihoods: Mandatory consultation and consent of Gram Sabha before Land acquisition & Resettlement and rehabilitation, Prevents arbitrary land alienation in Scheduled Areas.
• Forest and Natural Resource Governance: Gram Sabhas have ownership and management rights over minor forest produce, enhancing livelihood security.
• Mining and Resource Regulation: Gram Sabha recommendation is required for granting minor mineral leases.
• Recognition of Customary Practices: Legal protection to traditional customs, cultural practices, and dispute resolution mechanisms.
• Social Regulation Powers: Authority to Curb intoxicant abuse & Regulate money-lending practices to protect vulnerable households

Key Challenges in PESA Implementation

• Incomplete Rule Notification: Only 8 of 10 Fifth Schedule States have notified PESA Rules, Odisha and Jharkhand continue to face legal ambiguity.
• Dilution of Gram Sabha Authority: In Hasdeo Arand coal blocks (Chhattisgarh), mining and forest clearances proceeded despite repeated Gram Sabha opposition.
• Capacity Deficits: MoPR assessments revealed that over 40% of elected representatives in PESA areas could not clearly explain the role of the Gram Sabha.
• Weak Monitoring Mechanisms: Absence of a unified monitoring framework across 63 Fifth Schedule districts undermines accountability.
• Administrative Overreach: In projects like the Polavaram irrigation project (Andhra Pradesh), displacement continued under sectoral laws despite contested Gram Sabha consent.

RBI Announces ₹3 Trillion Liquidity Infusion to Ease Banking Sector Stress

RBI Announces ₹3 Trillion Liquidity Injection to Tackle Banking System Deficit and Stabilise Government Bond Yields.

Details of RBI’s Liquidity Infusion Plan

• Open Market Operations: RBI will purchase ₹2 trillion worth of government securities from banks, This directly injects rupee liquidity into the financial system.
• Dollar–Rupee Swap: RBI will buy $10 billion from banks in exchange for rupees, The dollars will be sold back to banks after three years, ensuring durable liquidity support.
• Overall Objective: Ease systemic liquidity stress, Prevent excessive hardening of interest rates, Support orderly functioning of bond and credit markets.

Key Instruments Used by RBI to Manage Liquidity Deficit

• Open Market Operations: Purchase of government securities to infuse long-term liquidity.
• Repo Operations: Use of repo rate and Variable Rate Repo (VRR) auctions to supply short-term funds.
• Marginal Standing Facility: Allows banks to borrow overnight from RBI at a penal rate, acting as a liquidity backstop.
• Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) Adjustment: Reduction in SLR frees up bank funds otherwise locked in government securities.
• Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) Adjustment: Lower CRR increases banks’ lendable resources by reducing mandatory reserves with RBI.
• Foreign Exchange Swaps: USD/INR buy-sell swaps are used to inject rupee liquidity without altering forex reserves permanently.

Reasons Behind the Recent Liquidity Deficit

• Tax-Related Outflows: Advance tax and GST payments shifted funds from banks to government accounts.
• Forex Market Intervention: RBI’s dollar sales to stabilise the rupee absorbed rupee liquidity from the system.
• Festive Season Cash Demand: Higher cash withdrawals during festivals reduced bank deposits.
• Capital Outflows: Foreign Portfolio Investors (FPIs) sold equity and debt, intensifying liquidity pressure and rupee volatility.

Economic Impact of Persistent Liquidity Deficit

• Interest Rate Pressures: Scarcity of funds pushes up short-term money market rates.
• Higher Borrowing Costs: Banks raise lending rates for households and businesses.
• Slowdown in Investment and Consumption: Restricted credit availability dampens economic activity.
• Weakened Monetary Policy Transmission: Banks are unable to pass on repo rate cuts to borrowers.
• Rising Bond Yields: Liquidity stress lowers bond prices and raises yields, often resulting in subdued equity market performance.

Unrest in Assam’s Karbi Anglong: Land Rights and Sixth Schedule Tensions

Violence in Assam’s Karbi Anglong Sparks Civilian Deaths, Internet Shutdowns, and Renewed Debate on Land Rights and Tribal Autonomy.

Immediate Trigger of the Unrest

• The current instability began with a hunger strike by indigenous tribal groups.
• Protesters demanded the eviction of long-settled non-tribal communities.
• Core Argument of Protesters: The Sixth Schedule of the Constitution vests land and resource rights in indigenous tribes, Settlement of non-tribals in protected grazing and tribal lands is viewed as unconstitutional and illegal.

About Karbi Anglong

1. Geographical Profile

• The largest district of Assam.
• Lies on the Karbi Plateau, an extension of the Indian Peninsular Block.

2. Administrative Division

• East Karbi Anglong – headquarters at Diphu.
• West Karbi Anglong – headquarters at Hamren.
• The two districts are separated by the Kopili River and parts of Nagaon district.

3. Governance Framework

• Administered by the Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council (KAAC).
• Operates under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution, which provides autonomy to tribal areas in the Northeast.

Demographic Composition

• Indigenous Tribal Communities: Karbis (historically known as Mikirs) constitute largest tribal group, Other Scheduled Tribes include: Dimasas, Bodos, Kukis, Hmars, Tiwas, Garos, Tai groups, Rengma Nagas
• Non-Tribal Communities: Include Gorkhas, Bengalis, and Hindi-speaking populations.

Political and Legal Background

1. Karbi Anglong Peace Accord, 2021

• A tripartite agreement involving: Government of India, Government of Assam, Five Karbi insurgent groups
• Aimed at ending decades of insurgency.
• Promised greater legislative, executive, and administrative powers to KAAC.
• Retained the region within the Sixth Schedule framework.

2. Demand for Article 244(A)

• Long-standing demand for implementation of Article 244(A).
• Article 244(A) allows Parliament to create an “Autonomous State” within Assam for certain tribal areas.
• Seen by proponents as a way to secure: Stronger land protections, Greater political autonomy, Institutional safeguards for tribal identity

Core Issues at Stake

• Interpretation and enforcement of Sixth Schedule land rights.
• Balancing tribal autonomy with rights of long-settled non-tribal populations.
• Gaps between peace accord commitments and ground-level implementation.
• Administrative capacity of autonomous councils in managing land and migration pressures.

Russia–China Plan Nuclear Power Plant on the Moon

Russia and China Plan Automated Nuclear Power Plant on Moon by 2036 Under International Lunar Research Station Framework.

About the Lunar Nuclear Power Project

1. Timeline:

• Targeted deployment between 2035 and 2036.
• Designed to operate with minimal or no human presence in the initial phase.

2. Institutional Framework:

• Part of the International Lunar Research Station (ILRS) initiative.
• ILRS envisions: A lunar orbital station & A permanent surface research base
• Proposed location: Near the Moon’s south pole, a region of high scientific and strategic interest.

Rationale for Nuclear Energy on the Moon

1. Energy Constraints

• The Moon experiences a 14-day-long lunar night, during which Solar panels are ineffective & Energy storage requirements become prohibitive

2. Advantages of Nuclear Power

• Provides continuous, stable, and high-density energy.
• Essential for Life-support systems, Scientific instruments, Communication infrastructure, Future human habitation

Global Context: Lunar Nuclear Initiatives

1. United States Programme:

• The US is pursuing the Fission Surface Power Project.
• Objective: Deploy a lunar nuclear reactor by 2030 to support Artemis-era missions.

2. Emerging Trend

• Nuclear energy is increasingly viewed as a critical enabler of sustained lunar presence by major spacefaring nations.

Legal and Regulatory Framework

1. Outer Space Treaty, 1967

• Prohibits the placement of nuclear weapons or weapons of mass destruction in outer space.
• Does not prohibit the use of peaceful nuclear energy for space exploration and scientific purposes.

2. Implication

• Lunar nuclear power projects are considered legally permissible, provided they remain non-military and peaceful.

Birth Anniversaries of Atal Bihari Vajpayee & Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya (25 December)

PM Modi Pays Tribute to Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Madan Mohan Malaviya on Birth Anniversaries; 25 December Marks Good Governance Day.

Atal Bihari Vajpayee (1924–2018)

• Birth: December 25, 1924, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh
• Political Journey: Joined RSS (1939); early association with Arya Samaj’s youth wing
• Prime Minister: Three terms — 1996, 1998–1999, 1999–2004, First non-Congress PM to complete a full term
• Key Contributions: Pokhran-II nuclear tests (1998), Golden Quadrilateral highway project, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (2001)
• Honours: Padma Vibhushan (1992) & Bharat Ratna (2015, posthumous)
• Memorial: Sadaiv Atal, Rashtriya Smriti Sthal, New Delhi

Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya (1861–1946)

• Birth: December 25, 1861, Allahabad (Prayagraj), Uttar Pradesh
• Titles: Mahamana (by Mahatma Gandhi) & Karmayogi (by Dr S. Radhakrishnan)
• Major Contributions: Founder of Banaras Hindu University (1916) & Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha (1915)
• Congress Leadership: President four times — 1909, 1918, 1932, 1933
• Journalism: Founded Abhyudaya (Hindi weekly, 1907) & The Leader (English daily, 1909)
• Honour: Bharat Ratna (2014, posthumous)

ICG Ship Samudra Pratap

Indian Coast Guard Inducts Samudra Pratap, Nation’s First Indigenous Pollution Control Vessel, Advancing Maritime Environmental Protection and Atmanirbhar Bharat.

Key Features

• Primary Role: Marine pollution response, especially oil spill detection, containment, and recovery.
• Oil Spill Detection: Equipped with specially designed radar systems to identify oil slicks at sea.
• Containment While in Motion: Side sweeping arms enable oil spill containment and recovery even when the vessel is underway.
• Recovery Capacity: High-capacity onboard storage for collected oil and pollutants.

Indigenisation & Strategic Significance

• Indigenous Content: ~72%, the highest for an Indian PCV to date.
• First of Its Kind: First PCV fully designed and built in India.
• Self-Reliance: Strengthens India’s capabilities in maritime environmental security and reduces dependence on foreign platforms.

Fleet Details

• Sister Ship: Samudra Prachet, launched in July 2025.
• Both vessels are part of the 02 PCV Project, enhancing the ICG’s pollution response fleet.

All Set with 26 December Current Affairs? Let’s Quiz!

Ready to put your knowledge to the test? Take our daily quiz now and reinforce what you learned!

 26 December 2025 Current Affair Quiz
 

Why is 26 December 2025 Current Affairs Important for You?

• Essential for Exams: The Current Affairs of 26 December 2025 cover topics that are often asked in competitive exams.
• Boosts Your Knowledge: Helps you stay informed about the latest events and updates.
• Improves Accuracy: Daily practice with Current Affairs of 26 December 2025 improves your speed and accuracy in exams.
• Quick Revision: Acts as a daily revision tool for upcoming exams.
• Saves Time: You don’t need to search multiple sources; everything is here in one place!
• Helps in Interviews: Being updated with Current Affairs of 26 December 2025 gives you confidence for personal interviews and group discussions.

How to Use 26 December 2025 Current Affairs for Exam Preparation? 

• Read Properly: Go through the 26 December 2025 Current Affairs to stay updated.
• Make Notes: Summarize key points and important updates in your own words.
• Link with Syllabus: Identify topics relevant to your exam and connect them with your syllabus.
• Practice Daily Quizzes: Test your knowledge by taking daily quizzes based on 26 December 2025 Current Affairs.
• Revise Often: Review the updates multiple times to boost your recall and confidence.
• Discuss with Peers: Join discussions and share insights to deepen your understanding.

Get Daily Updates and Stay Ahead!

Law Prep Tutorial is committed to giving you the best daily current affairs updates to help you excel in various exams. Our platform is trusted by thousands of toppers for timely, accurate, and concise updates that matter most for your exams. Explore our dedicated sections below: