27 September 2025 Current Affairs (With PDF)

Stay updated with 27 September 2025 Current Affairs on this page! We bring you the most relevant and important news updates from around the world and India, specially curated for competitive exams and different entrance exams. Today's Current Affairs cover all significant national and international headlines, legal updates, economic news, and environmental highlights to boost your preparation. With our crisp, to-the-point coverage, you can confidently tackle current affairs questions in your exams.

WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies Enters into Force

Context

• Adopted at the 12th WTO Ministerial Conference (2022).
• Entered into force after acceptance by two-thirds of WTO members (Sept 2025).
• First multilateral WTO agreement focused on environmental sustainability.

About the Agreement

1. Objective:

Establish binding rules to curb harmful fisheries subsidies.

2. SDG Link:

Supports SDG 14 – Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources.

3. India’s Position:

Did not join, citing need to protect small fishers, livelihoods, and food security.

Key Features

1. Subsidies Prohibited:

• Those linked to IUU fishing.
• Subsidies for fishing on overfished stocks.
• Support for fishing in unregulated high seas.

2. Transparency:

• Members must submit fisheries-related data.

3. WTO Fish Fund:

• Provides aid to developing and LDC members for implementation (funded by voluntary contributions).

4. Special & Differential Treatment:

• Flexibility for developing countries, though within common rules.

Need for Agreement

1. Overfishing crisis:

35.5% of global fish stocks overfished in 2021 (vs 10% in 1974).

2. Subsidy burden:

Governments spend US$ 22 billion/year on fishing subsidies, fueling overcapacity and depletion.

India’s Dugong Conservation Reserve Recognized by IUCN

Why in News?

• At the IUCN World Conservation Congress 2025, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) adopted a motion recognizing India’s first Dugong Conservation Reserve in Palk Bay, Tamil Nadu.
• IUCN has encouraged replication of this model across other parts of the Indian Ocean and similar habitats worldwide.

Dugong Conservation Reserve – Key Facts

1. Established:

• 2022 by Tamil Nadu Government under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.

2. Area Covered:

• 448.34 sq. km. in northern Palk Bay.

3. Ecological Features:

• Over 12,250 hectares of seagrass meadows – crucial for marine biodiversity.
• Seagrass acts as a carbon sink, vital for climate change mitigation.
• Habitat supports multiple marine species besides dugongs.

About Dugong (Sea Cow)

1. Scientific Name:

• Dugong dugon.

2. Unique Trait:

• Only known marine herbivorous mammal, fully dependent on seagrass ecosystems.

3. Distribution in India:

• Palk Bay (largest population).
• Gulf of Mannar.
• Gulf of Kutch.

4. Estimated Population:

• 200 individuals in Indian waters.

Threats to Dugong

• Habitat loss due to seagrass degradation.
• Hunting and poaching.
• Bycatch (accidental capture in fishing nets).

Conservation Status

• IUCN Red List: Vulnerable.
• Indian Law: Listed in Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 (highest protection).

Environmental Accounting on Forest 2025 Report

• Released by: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI)
• Edition: 8th consecutive environmental account; first dedicated publication on forest accounting.
• Framework Used: UN System of Environmental Economic Accounts (SEEA).

???? Key Findings

1. Physical Asset Account (2010–11 to 2021–22)

• Forest cover increased by 17,444.61 sq. km (2.4%), reaching 7.15 lakh sq. km (21.76% of India’s geographical area).
• Top Gainers in Cover: Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu.

2. Extent Account (2013–2023)

• Net increase: 3,356 sq. km in forest extent (due to reclassification/boundary adjustments).
• Top States (Recorded Forest Area): Uttarakhand, Odisha, Jharkhand.

3. Condition Account (Ecosystem Quality)

• Growing Stock (2013–23): ↑ by 305.53 million cum (7.32% rise).
• Top Contributors: Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Telangana.

4. Service Accounts

(a) Provisioning Services (timber & non-timber):

~0.16% of GDP (2021–22).

(b) Top States:

Maharashtra, Gujarat, Kerala.

(c) Regulating Services (carbon retention):

~2.63% of GDP (2021–22).

(d) Top States:

Arunachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Assam.

???? UN System of Environmental Economic Accounts (SEEA)

1. Developed by:

UN, European Commission, FAO (2012).

2. Purpose:

• Integrates economic and environmental data → measures:
• Contribution of environment to economy.
• Economy’s impact on environment.

3. Adopted by India (MoSPI):

2018.

PM Lays Foundation of Mahi Banswara Rajasthan Atomic Power Project (MBRAPP)

???? Why in News

The Prime Minister inaugurated the foundation of the Mahi Banswara Rajasthan Atomic Power Project (MBRAPP) in Banswara district, Rajasthan. The project strengthens India’s indigenous nuclear power programme and is part of the country’s fleet mode initiative.

???? About MBRAPP Project

1. Location:

• Banswara, Rajasthan (near Mahi Dam on River Mahi).

2. Capacity:

• 4 × 700 MWe Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) of indigenous design.

3. Developer:

• Anushakti Vidhyut Nigam (ASHVINI) – a joint venture of Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL) and NTPC Limited.

4. Fleet Mode Initiative:

• Ten identical 700 MW PHWRs being built across India.
• Uses uniform design, bulk procurement, and standardized construction practices to reduce costs and timelines.

⚡ Nuclear Power Capacity in India

1. Current (Jan 2025):

24 reactors at 7 sites; installed capacity 8,180 MW.

2. Target (by 2031–32):

22,480 MW.

3. Share in Electricity (2022–23):

3.61% (India’s 5th-largest non-fossil fuel source).

???? India’s Three-Stage Nuclear Power Programme (NPP)

1. Stage I

PHWRs (Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors): Uranium-based fuel (currently operational).

2. Stage II

Fast Breeder Reactors (FBRs): Utilises plutonium-based fuel.

3. Stage III

Thorium Reactors: Based on India’s abundant thorium reserves for long-term energy sustainability.

Uranium Enrichment — Basics, Methods, Uses and Concerns

Why in News

Recent reports have raised concerns about Iran’s resumption of uranium enrichment, bringing attention to the technical process and its strategic, civilian and proliferation implications.

What is Uranium Enrichment?

• Enrichment is the process of increasing the proportion of the fissile isotope uranium‑235 (U‑235) relative to uranium‑238 (U‑238) in naturally occurring uranium.
• Natural uranium contains about 0.7% U‑235 and the remainder is mostly U‑238. Enrichment raises the U‑235 fraction to meet specific civilian or military requirements.

How Enrichment Is Performed (Overview)

1. Common method:

• Gas centrifuge technology.
• Uranium is chemically converted into uranium hexafluoride (UF₆) gas.
• Centrifuges spin the UF₆ at very high speeds; the heavier U‑238 molecules tend to move slightly outward while the lighter U‑235 concentrate nearer the centre.
• Single centrifuges produce only a small separation; many centrifuges are linked in a cascade to reach desired enrichment levels.

2. Other methods (less common):

• Gaseous diffusion (historical), laser enrichment (advanced R&D).

Enrichment Levels & Typical Uses

1. Low-enriched uranium (LEU)

• 3–5% U‑235:
• Standard fuel for most civilian nuclear power reactors.

2. Intermediate enrichment

• 20% U‑235:
• Often called highly enriched uranium (HEU) above this threshold; has dual-use implications (research reactors, potential for weapons if further enriched).

3. Weapons-grade uranium

• 85–95% (≈90%) U‑235:
• Compact and efficient for nuclear weapons. Producing weapons‑grade material requires substantially more enrichment work and time.

Centre Launches National Initiative on Water Security

The Government of India has launched the National Initiative on Water Security, amending Schedule I of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), 2005. The amendment, notified under Section 29(1) of MGNREGA, elevates water security as a national priority.

Key Highlights

1. MGNREGA Contribution:

• Over 1.25 crore water conservation assets (farm ponds, check dams, community tanks, etc.) created so far.

2. Objective:

• Boost groundwater recharge, rejuvenate rivers, and promote sustainable water management.

3. Fund Allocation for Water Conservation (Block-wise):

• Critical Blocks (90–100% extraction): 65%
• Semi-Critical Blocks (70–90% extraction): 40%
• Safe Blocks (≤70% extraction): 30%

4. Groundwater Classification (CGWB, 2024 Report):

• Critical – 3.05%
• Semi-Critical – 10.54%
• Over-Exploited – 11.13%
• Safe – 73.39%
• Saline – 1.88%

Significance

• Marks a shift from reactive to preventive water management.
• Ensures targeted use of MGNREGA resources in stressed regions.
• Strengthens agriculture, livestock, rural development, and environmental sustainability.

Complementary Initiatives

1. Mission Amrit Sarovar:

Creation/rejuvenation of 75 water bodies in each district.

2. Atal Bhujal Yojana:

Community-led groundwater management scheme, jointly implemented with the World Bank.

3. National Aquifer Mapping (NAQUIM):

CGWB has completed mapping of 25 lakh sq. km.

Children in India 2025 Report Released

The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) has released the 4th issue of the “Children in India 2025” report, providing a comprehensive overview of children’s education, health, nutrition, and protection to support evidence-based policymaking.

Key Highlights

1. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR):

• Declined from 44 (2011) to 25 (2023).
• IMR = deaths of infants below 1 year per 1,000 live births.

2. Under-Five Mortality Rate (U5MR):

• Improved from 30 (2022) to 29 (2023).
• U5MR = deaths of children under 5 years per 1,000 live births.

3. Birth Rate (2023):

• 18.4 per 1,000 population
• Rural: 20.3 | Urban: 14.9

4. Dropout Rates (2022-23 to 2024-25):

• Preparatory Stage: 8.7% → 2.3%
• Middle Level: 8.1% → 3.5%
• Secondary Level: 13.8% → 8.2%

5. Child Marriage (Women 20–24 married before 18):

• Declined from 26.8% (2015-16) to 23.3% (2019-21).

6. Adoption Trends:

• Total adoptions rose from 3,927 (2017-18) to 4,515 (2024-25).
• In-country: 4,155 | Inter-country: 360–653 annually

7. Gender Parity Index (GPI):

• Achieved parity across all education stages by 2024-25.

UAE Launches First Sovereign Mobility Cloud to Boost Autonomous Mobility

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has unveiled the world’s first Sovereign Mobility Cloud, designed to accelerate its autonomous mobility strategy.

Sovereign Mobility Cloud

• Provides a secure digital infrastructure for next-generation transportation.
• Supports HD mapping, telematics, fleet operations, and traffic management.

Autonomous Mobility

1. Relies on the use of autonomous vehicles capable of operating with minimal or no human input.

2. Key enabling technologies:

• LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging)
• Artificial Intelligence (AI)
• Global Positioning System (GPS)

3. Potential Benefits:

• Enhanced road safety, optimized traffic flow, and improved transport efficiency.

DRDO & SFC Successfully Test Agni-Prime Missile from Rail-Based Mobile Launcher

The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and the Strategic Forces Command (SFC) have successfully conducted the launch of the Agni-Prime (Agni-P) Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM) from a first-of-its-kind rail-based mobile launcher system.

Significance

• Marks the debut of a futuristic rail-mobile missile platform, capable of moving across the rail network without pre-conditions.
• Enhances strategic mobility, survivability, and flexibility in India’s missile deployment.

About Agni-Prime Missile

• Type: Advanced, two-stage, solid-fueled, canister-launched ballistic missile.
• Range: Up to 2000 km.
• Payload: Capable of carrying both conventional and nuclear warheads.
• Series: Latest in India’s Agni family of missiles.
• Developer: DRDO.

MoU between DoT & FIU-IND to Combat Cybercrimes and Financial Frauds

The Department of Telecommunications (DoT) and the Financial Intelligence Unit-India (FIU-IND) have signed an MoU to strengthen cooperation against cybercrimes and financial frauds.

About FIU-IND

• Established: 2004.
• Role: Central, national agency for receiving, processing, analyzing, and disseminating information on suspicious financial transactions.
• Reporting: Independent body that reports directly to the Economic Intelligence Council (EIC) headed by the Finance Minister.
• Legal Basis: Functions under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA), 2002.
• Global Linkages: Coordinates with foreign FIUs for information exchange.

Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) – New Initiatives in J&K

• AIM, NITI Aayog, in collaboration with the University of Kashmir, launched ATL Sarthi and Frontier Region Programme
• Frontier Region Programme: Establishment of 500 new Atal Tinkering Labs (ATLs) in Jammu & Kashmir.

About AIM

• Launched: 2016 by NITI Aayog, GoI.
• Objective: Promote a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship across India.

Atal Tinkering Labs (ATLs)

• Definition: State-of-the-art innovation spaces set up in schools under AIM.
• Target Group: Students of Class 6th–12th.
• Objective: Foster curiosity, creativity, and problem-solving using 21st-century technologies (e.g., IoT, 3D printing, robotics, AI).

European Union Initiates ‘Drone Wall’ to Counter Unmanned Threats

Following suspected Russian drone incursions in Denmark, the EU has started developing a multilayered drone defence system.

About Drone Wall

1. Name:

• Eirshield (AI-based anti-drone platform).

2. Purpose:

• Protect against fast-flying unmanned aerial targets, including drones potentially carrying warheads.

3. Key Capabilities:

• Early Warning: Detects drones before they reach critical areas.
• Real-Time Threat Analysis: Monitors drone movement and intent.
• Intelligence Gathering: Provides situational awareness for security forces.
• Countermeasures: Includes GPS jamming and other defensive techniques against unconventional aerial attacks.

All Set with 27 September Current Affairs? Let’s Quiz!

Ready to put your knowledge to the test? Take our daily quiz now and reinforce what you learned!

27 September 2025 Current Affair Quiz

Why is 27 September 2025 Current Affairs Important for You?

• Essential for Exams: The Current Affairs of 27 September 2025 cover topics that are often asked in competitive exams.
• Boosts Your Knowledge: Helps you stay informed about the latest events and updates.
• Improves Accuracy: Daily practice with Current Affairs of 27 September 2025 improves your speed and accuracy in exams.
• Quick Revision: Acts as a daily revision tool for upcoming exams.
• Saves Time: You don’t need to search multiple sources; everything is here in one place!
• Helps in Interviews: Being updated with Current Affairs of 27 September 2025 gives you confidence for personal interviews and group discussions.

How to Use 27 September 2025 Current Affairs for Exam Preparation? 

• Read Properly: Go through the 27 September 2025 Current Affairs to stay updated.
• Make Notes: Summarize key points and important updates in your own words.
• Link with Syllabus: Identify topics relevant to your exam and connect them with your syllabus.
• Practice Daily Quizzes: Test your knowledge by taking daily quizzes based on 27 September 2025 Current Affairs.
• Revise Often: Review the updates multiple times to boost your recall and confidence.
• Discuss with Peers: Join discussions and share insights to deepen your understanding.

Get Daily Updates and Stay Ahead!

Law Prep Tutorial is committed to giving you the best daily current affairs updates to help you excel in various exams. Our platform is trusted by thousands of toppers for timely, accurate, and concise updates that matter most for your exams. Explore our dedicated sections below: