29 August 2025 Current Affairs (With PDF)

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Chief of Defence Staff Unveils Three Joint Doctrines to Strengthen Armed Forces Integration

Why in News

The Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) recently released three Joint Doctrines for the Indian Armed Forces, marking a major step towards enhancing jointness, integration, and theaterisation. These doctrines aim to ensure seamless cooperation among the Army, Navy, and Air Force in multi-domain operations.

Overview of the Doctrines

1. Joint Doctrine for Special Forces (SF) Operations:

a. Objective: Build a common framework for Army Para-SF, Navy MARCOS, and IAF Garuds.

b. Key Aspects:

• Standardisation of terminologies and procedures.
• Joint training to avoid duplication.
• Focus on future weapon systems and unified command structures across land, sea, and air.

2. Joint Doctrine for Airborne (AB) and Heliborne (HB) Operations:

a. Purpose: Enhance coordination among services in airborne and heliborne missions.

b. Highlights:

• Standardises planning and execution mechanisms.
• Integration of advanced mobility platforms and unmanned aerial systems.
• Addresses existing doctrinal gaps between the services.

3. Joint Doctrine for Multi-Domain Operations (MDO):

a. Scope: Utilisation of capabilities across Land, Sea, Air, Cyber, Space, and Cognitive domains.

b. Approach:

• Advocates a Whole-of-Nation Approach (WONA).
• Seeks integration of military and non-military resources for achieving politico-military objectives.

Significance of Joint Doctrines

• Joint Operational Capability: Strengthens coordination and interoperability among services.
• Synergy: Promotes collaboration for maximum operational efficiency.
• Strategic Flexibility: Equips forces to adapt to evolving security challenges.
• Technological Edge: Encourages adoption of advanced defence technologies and multi-domain warfare readiness.

About Chief of Defence Staff (CDS)

• Permanent Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee.
• Principal Military Adviser to the Defence Minister on all tri-service matters.
• Plays a central role in promoting jointness and theaterisation.

BioE3 (Biotechnology for Economy, Environment and Employment) Policy – One Year Completion

Recent Development

• Union Minister of Science & Technology launched India’s first National Biofoundry Network to mark one year of BioE3 Policy.
• Network involves 6 institutions → Scaling up proof-of-concept, boosting indigenous biomanufacturing, and creating employment.

About BioE3 Policy

1. Aim:

• Accelerate development & commercialization of bio-based technologies.

2. Implementation:

• Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Ministry of Science & Technology.

3. BioEnablers:

• Bio-AI Hubs, Biofoundries, Biomanufacturing hubs.

4. Six Priority Thematic Sectors:

• Bio-based chemicals & enzymes
• Functional foods & smart proteins
• Precision biotherapeutics
• Climate-resilient agriculture
• Carbon capture & utilization
• Futuristic marine & space research

Key Achievements in 1 Year

• India’s first Biomanufacturing Institute → Mohali (Punjab).
• >12 Joint research calls in cell & gene therapy, climate-smart agriculture, carbon capture, functional foods.
• Centre-State collaboration: MoU with Assam to establish BioE3 Cell.

What is Bioeconomy?

• Use of renewable biological resources (plants, microbes, biomass) to produce food, energy, industrial goods.
• Supports sustainability + economic growth.
• Key sectors: BioPharma & BioMedical, BioAgriculture, BioIndustrial, BioResearch.

Status of Bioeconomy in India

• Grew from $10 bn (2014) → $165.7 bn (2024).
• Target: $300 bn by 2030.
• Contribution: 4.25% to GDP (India Bioeconomy Report 2025).

Cabinet Approves Restructuring & Extension of PM SVANidhi Scheme

Why in News?

The Union Cabinet has approved the restructuring and extension of the PM Street Vendor’s AtmaNirbhar Nidhi (PM SVANidhi) scheme till March 31, 2030, with enhanced loan benefits and digital features.

Key Highlights of the Restructured Scheme

1. Extended Timeline

• Earlier validity: till December 31, 2024.
• New validity: till March 31, 2030.
• Target: 1.15 crore beneficiaries, including 50 lakh new entrants.

2. Enhanced Loan Limits

• 1st Tranche: ₹15,000 (increased from ₹10,000).
• 2nd Tranche: ₹25,000 (increased from ₹20,000).
• 3rd Tranche: ₹50,000 (unchanged).

3. Financial & Digital Support

• UPI-linked RuPay Credit Card: To be provided after repayment of 2nd loan, ensuring easy emergency credit.
• Digital Cashback Incentives: Up to ₹1,600 for retail/wholesale UPI transactions.
• Capacity Building Measures:
  - Financial literacy & entrepreneurship.
  - Digital skills & marketing support.
  - Hygiene & food safety training in partnership with FSSAI.

About PM SVANidhi Scheme

1. Type:

• Central Sector Scheme.

2. Launched by:

• Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA).

3. Implementation Partners:

• MoHUA for overall execution.
• Department of Financial Services (DFS) for loans/credit cards via banks & financial institutions.

4. Objective:

• Provide collateral-free working capital loans to street vendors.
• Encourage digital transactions & financial inclusion.
• Grant recognition/identity to street vendors.

5. Beneficiaries:

• Street vendors/hawkers operating in urban areas as on or before March 24, 2020.

Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) 2023-24

About ASI

• Released by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI).
• Provides insights into composition, growth, and structure of manufacturing industries-covering output, value added, employment, and capital formation.
• Conducted annually under the Collection of Statistics (Amendment) Act, 2017.

Coverage

• Factories registered under Factories Act, 1948.
• Bidi and Cigar units under Bidi and Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment) Act, 1966.
• Electricity undertakings not registered with Central Electricity Authority (CEA).

Excluded: Defence establishments, oil depots, railway workshops, gas storage, etc.

Key Highlights (2023–24)

• Top 5 Industries (Gross Value Added): Basic Metals, Motor Vehicles, Chemical & Chemical Products, Food Products, Pharmaceutical Products
• Top 5 States (Employment): Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka
• Growth Indicators: GVA ↑ 11.89% (YoY), Industrial Output ↑ 5.80%, Average Emoluments per Person Engaged ↑ 5.6%.

Key Concepts

• Gross Value Added (GVA): Output – Input.
• Net Value Added (NVA): Output – (Input + Depreciation).
• Fixed Capital: Depreciated value of long-term assets (buildings, machines, land, etc.) at year-end.
• Working Capital: Capital used for day-to-day business operations.

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