4 June 2025 Current Affairs (With PDF)

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India–Japan Maritime Relations

India and Japan have committed to strengthening their maritime engagement, with a focus on sustainability, strategic cooperation, and mutual economic growth.

Core Domains of Maritime Collaboration

1. Transforming Island Territories into Smart Hubs

a. Focus Regions:

• Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep.

b. Smart Island Framework:

• Adoption of renewable energy solutions (solar, wind, tidal).
• Deployment of intelligent transport systems for coastal mobility.
• Building disaster-resilient infrastructure tailored to climate risks.
• Enhancement of digital and communication networks for real-time monitoring and governance.

2. Maritime Infrastructure, Shipbuilding & Investment

a. Collaborative Ventures:

• Tapping into Japan’s strengths in shipbuilding and port development.
• India to co-develop maritime industrial clusters and modern ports.

b. Investment Highlights:

• Targeting ₹3 lakh crore in Japanese investment by 2027 across maritime sectors.
• Proposed Greenfield investment by Imabari Shipbuilding in Andhra Pradesh for advanced vessel construction.

3. Cultural & Heritage-Based Maritime Cooperation

National Maritime Heritage Museum (NMHC):

• Proposed at Lothal, Gujarat, an ancient maritime trade centre.
• Vision: A global centre for maritime history, tourism, education, and research.
• Japan’s contribution sought in museum design, technology, and international curation.

4. Human Resource Development & Maritime Workforce

• India’s Strength: A trained base of ~1.54 lakh certified seafarers.
• Strategic Synergy: These professionals can complement Japan’s ageing maritime workforce, boosting joint maritime operations.

Strategic and Geopolitical Importance

1. Securing Trade & Energy Corridors

Maritime Dependency:

• ~97% of India’s international trade and nearly all of Japan’s energy imports rely on sea routes.
• Collaboration is crucial to secure critical sea lanes and energy flow in the Indo-Pacific.

2. Addressing Regional Security Challenges

China’s Expanding Influence:

• Both countries share concerns over Beijing’s assertiveness in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR).
• Maritime cooperation acts as a counterweight to unilateral dominance.

3. Strengthening Multilateral Frameworks

India–Japan alignment reinforces regional and global platforms like:

• QUAD (Indo-Pacific strategic alignment)
• SCRI (Supply Chain Resilience Initiative)
• AAGC (Asia-Africa Growth Corridor)
• ISA (International Solar Alliance)
• CDRI (Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure)
• LeadIT (Leadership Group for Industry Transition)

4. Advancing India’s Maritime Strategic Visions

Japan is positioned to be a pivotal partner in fulfilling:

• India’s Act East Policy
• Maritime India Vision 2030
• Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047

Bharat Gen: India’s Indigenous Leap in Generative AI

India’s largest summit and hackathon on Generative AI and Large Language Models (LLMs). Hosted by the Ministry of Science & Technology, spotlighting cutting-edge developments in the AI landscape.

What is ‘Bharat Gen’?

1. India’s First Indigenous Multimodal LLM

a. A Generative AI initiative designed to understand and generate content in Indian languages using advanced AI techniques.

b. Built under a Public–Private Partnership (PPP) model as a non-profit initiative, backed by:

• The Department of Science and Technology (DST).
• The National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems (NM-ICPS).
• Technology Innovation Hubs (TIH) at IIT Bombay (focused on IoT and IoE).

Key Objectives of Bharat Gen

1. Bharat-Centric Foundational Models

• Develop LLMs tailored to India’s linguistic, cultural, and traditional diversity.
• Enhance AI’s relevance and accessibility across Indian languages and regions.

2. Bharat Data Sagar

• A national repository of high-quality, diverse Indian datasets.
• Enables robust model training and promotes data sovereignty.

3. Startup Innovation & Ecosystem Growth

• Support AI startups with mentorship, infrastructure, and collaboration tools.
• Encourage India-first AI solutions across sectors like health, education, agriculture, and governance.

4. Skilling & Talent Development

• Offer fellowships, training modules, hackathons, and certification programs.
• Build a future-ready AI talent pool, boosting India’s position as a global AI innovation hub.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs

1. What Makes Them Unique?

• Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) process and integrate text + non-text data (images, audio, video).
• Use deep learning to comprehend complex, real-world data beyond just written language.

2. Why Are They Important?

Unlike traditional (unimodal) LLMs, MLLMs:

• Offer context-rich, coherent outputs across different input types.
• Enable real-time applications in sectors like healthcare diagnostics, digital education, and smart surveillance.

India’s Aviation Boom: Key Highlights from IATA’s 81st AGM

PM Modi highlighted the country's rapid strides in aviation during the 81st Annual General Meeting of IATA (International Air Transport Association), projecting India as a future aviation powerhouse.

Foundational Pillars of India's Aviation Growth

• Expansive and Growing Market: Driven by rising middle-class income and strong domestic demand.
• Tech-Ready Workforce: Leverages a large, skilled demographic in emerging technologies like AI, IoT, and clean energy.
• Robust Policy Support: Backed by government-led incentives and regulatory modernization.

Gender Empowerment in the Skies

• Women make up 15% of India’s pilots—a striking contrast to the global average of just 5%, making India a leader in gender diversity in aviation.

Aligning with International Standards

India is harmonizing its aviation laws with global benchmarks through:

• ICAO protocols (International Civil Aviation Organization)
• Chicago Convention (1944) – Open skies and global cooperation
• Delhi Declaration – Strengthening regional aviation partnerships

India as a Global Aviation Value Chain Hub

• Promotes end-to-end participation from design to delivery
• Strong push for and Make in India and Design in India
• Growth in sectors like: MRO (Maintenance, Repair & Overhaul) and Aircraft manufacturing & component design.

Flagship Government Initiatives

1. UDAN Scheme (Ude Desh ka Aam Nagrik):

• Objective: Democratize air travel and connect Tier 2 & 3 cities
• Achievements: Airports increased from 74 (2014) to 157 (2024) and Target: 350-400 operational airports by 2047.

2. Digi Yatra:

• A facial recognition-based app for contactless, paperless travel experience

3. Protection of Interest in Aircraft Objects Bill:

• Ensures investor confidence and compliance with global financial norms
• Brings India in line with the Cape Town Convention

About IATA (International Air Transport Association)

• Founded: April 1945, Havana, Cuba (successor to the International Air Traffic Association)
• Aftermath of: The Chicago Convention (1944) for regulating international civil aviation
• Headquarters: Montreal, Canada
• Executive Offices: Geneva, Switzerland

India’s Electric Drive: New Scheme to Boost E-Car Manufacturing

Heavy Industries Ministry Unveils Plan to Make India Global Hub for Electric Four-Wheeler Manufacturing and Innovation.

Core Objectives of the Scheme

• Strengthen domestic capabilities in electric car production
• Encourage high-tech investments in e-mobility and associated infrastructure
• Create a globally competitive and sustainable electric vehicle (EV) ecosystem

Eligible Investment Areas

Projects must involve fresh capital expenditure on:

• New plant and machinery
• Charging infrastructure and energy equipment
• Associated utilities and support systems

Note: Second-hand or refurbished machinery or infrastructure will not be considered.

Applicant Eligibility Criteria

Definition of Group Company: Must hold minimum 26% voting rights in each other.

Incentives and Benefits for Approved Applicants

1. Customs Duty Concessions:

• Duty relaxation for up to 5 years
• Linked to meeting Domestic Value Addition (DVA) benchmarks

2. Import Relaxations:

• Conditional permission to import fully-built electric vehicles (CBUs)

Mandatory Commitments for Beneficiaries

• Establish a fully operational e-4W manufacturing unit in India within 3 years of approval
• Minimum Investment: ₹4,150 crore
• Domestic Value Addition (DVA) Targets:

- At least 25% DVA within 3 years

- At least 50% DVA within 5 years

• Bank Guarantee Requirement:

- A bank guarantee from a scheduled Indian commercial bank is mandatory

- Acts as a financial assurance for meeting investment and DVA milestones

Significance of the Scheme

• A step toward "Atmanirbhar Bharat" in mobility
• Encourages FDI and global players to invest in India's EV sector
• Promotes clean transport, aligns with net-zero goals and COP commitments

Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)

On its golden jubilee, the United Nations and global leaders hailed ECOWAS as a model of regional integration in Africa.

Quick Overview

• Founded: 1975, via the Treaty of Lagos
• Member Nations (15): Benin, Cabo Verde, Côte d'Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo
• Headquarters: Abuja, Nigeria

Core Objectives of ECOWAS

1. Economic Integration

• Build a strong economic union among member states
• Promote free trade, cross-border investments, and regional value chains

2. People-Centric Development

• Raise living standards and improve social wellbeing

3. Stability & Peace

• Maintain regional peace and economic stability
• Act as a diplomatic platform for conflict resolution

4. Pan-African Contribution

• Support broader continental development goals
• Align with the African Union's Agenda 2063

Why ECOWAS Matters Today

• Serves as a regional blueprint for African integration
• Facilitates cooperation across multiple sectors - trade, transport, energy, security
• Plays a key role in managing democratic transitions, coups, and humanitarian crises in West Africa

Shangri-La Dialogue

Asia-Pacific’s Premier Multilateral Security Forum

Overview

• Origin Year: 2002
• Inspired by:

- The need for structured defence diplomacy in a post–Cold War world

- Heightened focus on multilateral security after 9/11

• Named After: The Shangri-La Hotel, Singapore, where the inaugural summit was hosted

Organizers and Support

• Lead Organiser: International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) – based in London
• Host & Support: Backed by the Government of Singapore

Format & Structure

1. Track 1.5 Dialogue:

• A hybrid model combining official government representation (Track 1) and non-official strategic experts (Track 2)
• Encourages candid yet structured discussions

2. Participants Include:

• Defence ministers
• Military chiefs
• Strategic affairs analysts
• Diplomats and senior policymakers
• Participants from Asia-Pacific, Europe, North America, and the Middle East

Core Purpose & Significance

• Strategic Dialogue Platform: Facilitates open, direct engagement on regional and global security dynamics
• Policy Exchange: Governments can share national security perspectives and propose policy responses
• Confidence-Building Mechanism: Promotes transparency and cooperation among regional powers
• Focus Areas: Indo-Pacific geopolitics, Maritime security, Military modernisation, Emerging threats (e.g. cyber warfare, hybrid threats)

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