4 October 2025 Current Affairs (With PDF)

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Mission for Aatmanirbharta in Pulses Approved by Union Cabinet

Why in News

The Union Cabinet has approved the launch of a six-year Mission for Aatmanirbharta in Pulses (2025-26 to 2030-31), announced in the Union Budget 2025-26. The mission aims to cut import dependency, meet rising domestic demand, boost productivity, and enhance farmers’ income.

Key Highlights of the Mission

1. Duration & Financial Outlay:

• Timeframe: 2025-26 to 2030-31 (6 years)
• Allocation: ₹11,440 crore

2. Objectives:

• Achieve self-sufficiency in pulses production
• Reduce import reliance by enhancing domestic output
• Ensure higher returns for farmers

3. Strategic Interventions:

• Development and dissemination of climate-resilient and improved seed varieties
• Expansion of post-harvest infrastructure and value-addition facilities
• Promotion of a cluster-based approach, customizing interventions as per regional needs

4. Targets:

• Area Expansion: Total pulses area to reach 310 lakh hectares, with an additional 35 lakh hectares from rice fallows and diversifiable lands
• Production Goal: Scale up production to 350 lakh tonnes
• Productivity: Increase yield to 1,130 kg/ha

5. Focus Crops:

• Tur/Arhar (Pigeon Pea)
• Urad (Black Gram)
• Masoor (Red Lentil)

6. Assured Procurement:

• NAFED and NCCF to procure 100% of produce from farmers in participating states for the next four years

7. Global Price Monitoring:

• A dedicated mechanism will track international pulse prices to safeguard farmers’ interests and maintain confidence

Rationale: Why Self-Reliance in Pulses is Needed

1. Production Trends:

• India is the largest producer of pulses globally
• Production increased from 192.55 lakh tonnes in FY14 to 244.93 lakh tonnes in FY24
• Despite growth, supply remains insufficient to match rising consumption

2. Consumption Dynamics:

• India is also the largest consumer of pulses
• Rising incomes and improved living standards are driving higher demand

3. Import Dependence:

• India has become the largest importer of pulses
• In 2024-25, imports touched a record 72.56 lakh tonnes valued at $5.48 billion

Draft Rules for Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming, 2025

Why in News

The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) has released the Draft Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Rules, 2025. These rules will give effect to the provisions of the Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Act, 2025, providing a comprehensive framework for regulating the online gaming sector in India.

Key Features of the Draft Rules

1. Categorization of Games

• E-Sports
• Online Social Games
• Online Money Games – completely prohibited (including poker and fantasy sports)

2. Online Gaming Authority of India (OGAI)

a. A dedicated authority to regulate the sector

b. Functions:

• Maintain a registry of games
• Decide legality of online games
• Issue registration certificates
• Enforce penalties for violations

c. Composition: One Chairperson + five members from different ministries

3. Registration of Games

• Both social games and e-sports must register with OGAI
• A valid Certificate of Registration will be mandatory before offering services

4. Grievance Redressal System

Three-tier structure:

1. Internal grievance mechanism at the provider level
2. Appeal before a Grievance Appellate Committee
3. Final appeal to the OGAI

5. Penal Provisions

• Violations to be treated as non-bailable offences
• Accountability extended to the entire company staff involved in breaches

Related Legal and Regulatory Safeguards

• IT Act, 2000 (Section 69A): Used to block illegal websites/apps; 1,524 platforms blocked between 2022–25
• Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (Sections 111 & 112): Provides penalties for unlawful gaming and cybercrimes
• IGST Act, 2017: Regulates offshore and illegal gaming platforms for taxation compliance
• Consumer Protection Act, 2019: Restricts misleading and surrogate advertisements promoting gaming

Golden Jubilee of Regional Rural Banks (RRBs), 2025

Why in News

The year 2025 marks the 50th anniversary (Golden Jubilee) of Regional Rural Banks (RRBs). To commemorate this milestone, the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD), in collaboration with the Department of Financial Services, Ministry of Finance, is hosting a special national event in New Delhi.

About Regional Rural Banks (RRBs)

1. Establishment:

• Founded in 1975 under an Ordinance, followed by the RRB Act, 1976.
• Created as an alternative to the cooperative credit structure for strengthening institutional credit in agriculture and rural development.

2. Objectives:

• Expand access to credit for agriculture and rural sectors.
• Support small and marginal farmers, agricultural labourers, rural artisans, and priority sector borrowers.

3. Shareholding Structure:

• Government of India – 50%
• State Government – 15%
• Sponsoring Bank – 35%

4.Regulation & Supervision:

• Regulated under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
• Supervised by NABARD.

5. Priority Sector Lending (PSL):

• RRBs must allocate 75% of Adjusted Net Bank Credit (ANBC) or Credit Equivalent of Off-Balance Sheet Exposure (CEOBE)—whichever is higher—towards PSL.

6. Amalgamation & Reforms:

• Following Dr. V.S. Vyas Committee (2001) recommendations, a consolidation process started in 2005 to enhance infrastructure, computerization, and customer service.

Current Status of RRBs

1. Presence:

• As of March 2022: 43 RRBs sponsored by 12 Scheduled Commercial Banks.
• All Public Sector Banks, except Punjab & Sind Bank, sponsor at least one RRB.
• J&K Bank is the only private bank sponsoring an RRB.

2. Performance in PSL:

• RRBs remain strong in priority lending with over 89% of loans directed towards these sectors.

3. Role in Financial Inclusion:

Hold major shares in government-backed inclusion schemes:

• PMJDY Accounts – 18.5%
• PMSBY Enrolments – 13.3%
• PM-Kisan Beneficiary Accounts – 16.9%

25 Years of India–Russia Strategic Partnership (2000–2025)

Why in News

October 2025 marks the 25th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration on the India–Russia Strategic Partnership (October 2000). Over the years, this partnership has evolved into a multi-dimensional engagement covering political, security, defence, economic, cultural, and people-to-people ties.

Evolution of India–Russia Relations

• 2000: Strategic Partnership declared.
• 2010: Upgraded to Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership, reflecting deeper mutual trust and expanded cooperation.

Institutional Dialogue Mechanisms

1. Annual Summits:

• Regular leadership-level meetings.

2. 2+2 Dialogue:

• Engagement between Foreign and Defence Ministers.

3. Intergovernmental Commissions:

• Trade, Economy, Science & Technology, and Culture
• Technical Cooperation between Armed Forces

Key Areas of Cooperation

1. Trade and Economy:

• Bilateral trade reached an all-time high of USD 68.7 billion in FY 2024–25.
• India’s Exports to Russia: Pharmaceuticals, organic & inorganic chemicals, iron & steel, marine products.
• Russia’s Exports to India: Oil & petroleum products, sunflower oil, fertilizers, coking coal, precious stones & metals.

2. Defence and Security:

• Transition from a buyer-seller model to joint research, development, and production.
• Key Example: Co-development of BrahMos Cruise Missiles.

3. Multilateral Engagement:

• Close coordination at global and regional platforms such as: United Nations, G20, BRICS, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)

Urban Flood Risk Management Programme – Phase II

Why in News

A High-Level Committee chaired by the Union Home Minister has approved Phase II of the Urban Flood Risk Management Programme for 11 major Indian cities, aimed at strengthening resilience against urban flooding through structural and non-structural measures.

About the Programme

1. Funding Pattern:

• Implemented on a cost-sharing basis between Centre and States under NDMF guidelines
• 90% contribution from Centre and 10% from respective States

2. Cities Covered:

• Bhopal, Bhubaneswar, Guwahati, Jaipur, Kanpur, Patna, Raipur, Thiruvananthapuram, Visakhapatnam, Indore, and Lucknow

Key Activities under Flood Risk Mitigation

1. Structural Measures:

• Interlinking of water bodies for better stormwater management
• Flood protection walls in vulnerable zones
• Erosion control and soil stabilization through Nature-Based Solutions (NBS)

2. Non-Structural Measures:

• Flood Early Warning System for timely alerts
• Data acquisition and monitoring systems
• Capacity building and training for local authorities and stakeholders

Rise in Snow Leopard Population in Himachal Pradesh

Why in News

The snow leopard population in Himachal Pradesh has witnessed a remarkable 62% increase, rising from 51 in 2021 to 83 in 2025, indicating positive conservation outcomes.

About Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia)

1. Habitat & Range:

• Found across 12 Asian countries, including India.
• Known as the “Ghost of the Mountains” due to its elusive nature and white-gray coat, which provides camouflage in rocky terrains.

2. Conservation Status:

• IUCN Red List: Vulnerable
• CITES: Appendix I
• Wildlife Protection Act, 1972: Schedule I

3. Conservation Initiatives in India:

• Project Snow Leopard (2009): Aimed at conserving snow leopards and their fragile high-altitude ecosystems.
• Focuses on community participation, habitat protection, and scientific monitoring.

India’s First Private-Sector Helicopter Final Assembly Line – H125

Why in News

India is set to establish its first helicopter Final Assembly Line (FAL) in the private sector at Kolar, Karnataka, to manufacture H125 helicopters. The first Indian-made H125 is expected to roll out by 2027, joint initiative between Airbus and Tata Advanced Systems Limited (TASL).

About H125 Helicopter

1. Category:

• Single-engine, light multi-role helicopter.

2. Versatility:

• Operates efficiently in “high-and-hot” conditions and other extreme environments.

3. Roles & Applications:

• Passenger transport
• Disaster relief and rescue operations
• Aerial work (including surveillance and utility missions)

Exercise Pacific Reach (XPR-25)

Why in News

India took part in the Exercise Pacific Reach 2025 (XPR-25), a biennial multinational submarine rescue exercise, showcasing its growing role in maritime security and naval cooperation.

About XPR-25

• Nature: Biennial multinational exercise focused on submarine rescue operations.
• Participation: Over 40 nations join the exercise, reflecting global collaboration in undersea safety and rescue missions.
• Host (2025 Edition): Singapore.

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