6 December 2025 Current Affairs (With PDF)

Stay updated with 6 December 2025 Current Affairs on this page! We bring you the most relevant and important news updates from around the world and India, specially curated for competitive exams and different entrance exams. Today's Current Affairs cover all significant national and international headlines, legal updates, economic news, and environmental highlights to boost your preparation. With our crisp, to-the-point coverage, you can confidently tackle current affairs questions in your exams.

NITI Aayog–IBM Roadmap for Making India a Top-3 Quantum Economy by 2047

• NITI Aayog, in collaboration with IBM, has released a strategic roadmap titled “Transforming India into a Leading Quantum-Powered Economy”.
• The plan envisions India becoming one of the top three global quantum economies by 2047, backed by a strong domestic ecosystem and innovation-driven market leadership.

Key Highlights of the Roadmap

Vision

• Build a self-reliant quantum technology ecosystem.
• Capture a significant share of the global quantum market.
• Develop at least 10 globally competitive quantum startups, each aiming to surpass USD 100 million in revenue and dominate global quantum software and services by 2035.

Status of Quantum Technology in India

1. Growing Talent Base

• India ranks 2nd globally in producing graduates in quantum-relevant disciplines
• (~91,000 annually), next only to the European Union.

2. Emerging State Ecosystems

• Karnataka: Operationalised the Quantum Research Park (QuRP).
• Andhra Pradesh: Launched the Amaravati Quantum Valley (AQV).
• States are actively competing to host quantum clusters, incubators, and R&D hubs.

Major Recommendations of the Roadmap

1. Workforce Expansion

• Develop a scientific, engineering, and industry-ready quantum workforce within 2–3 years.
• Strengthen training, skilling, and academic-industry collaboration.

2. Focus on Priority Quantum Domains

• Identify top 3–5 high-impact quantum opportunity areas, including: Secure communication (Quantum Key Distribution – QKD), Health and pharmaceuticals, Cryogenics, Financial services, Logistics and optimization systems

3. Accelerating Lab-to-Market Pathways

• Improve the ease of research, validation, and commercialization.
• Establish testbeds, regulatory sandboxes, and fast-track innovation pipelines.

4. Leadership in Global Standards

• Proactively engage with international standards-setting bodies.
• Ensure Indian quantum products are interoperable and globally marketable.

5. Strengthening Domestic Startup Ecosystem

• Make India the preferred domicile for quantum deep-tech startups.
• Aim for 90% of Indian-origin quantum startups to be registered and scaled domestically.

About Quantum Technology

1. Definition

• Quantum technology uses principles of quantum mechanics—such as superposition and entanglement—to build advanced systems with capabilities far beyond classical technologies.

2. Four Key Pillars

• Quantum Computing – Next-generation computation based on qubits.
• Quantum Communication – Ultra-secure communication systems using QKD and entanglement.
• Quantum Sensing & Metrology – High-precision sensing for navigation, healthcare, defence, and geophysics.
• Quantum Materials – New materials with quantum properties enabling faster, efficient devices.

Parliamentary Panel Seeks Full Operationalisation of Lokpal’s Inquiry & Prosecution Wings

A Parliamentary Committee has observed that the Lokpal’s Inquiry and Prosecution Wings, mandated under the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013, remain inadequately operationalised even after a decade of enactment. It has called for urgent action to make both wings fully functional.

About Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013

1. Objective

To establish Lokpal at the Union level, and Lokayuktas in States for receiving and handling complaints of corruption against certain categories of public officials.

2. Statutory Wings Under the Act

(a) Inquiry Wing (Section 11)

• Headed by: Director of Inquiry
• Role: Conduct preliminary inquiry into allegations of offences under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 (PCA).

(b) Prosecution Wing (Section 12)

• Headed by: Director of Prosecution
• Role: Handle prosecution of public servants for complaints taken up by the Lokpal.

Key Findings of the Parliamentary Committee

1. Inquiry Wing

• Presently functioning with temporary deputation-based officers.
• The Committee notes incomplete operationalisation despite statutory requirement.

2. Prosecution Wing

• Only very few cases have reached the stage of prosecution.
• A full-fledged independent wing has not been created so far.

Committee Recommendations

• Both the Inquiry and Prosecution Wings should be fully constituted within six months.
• The government must take urgent administrative steps to operationalise both wings as per the Act.
• Emphasized that effective functioning of these wings is essential for credibility and efficiency of anti-corruption processes.

About Lokpal

1. Composition

• Chairperson + up to 8 Members
• 50% must be Judicial Members
• Chairperson: Former Chief Justice of India, or Former Judge of the Supreme Court
• Judicial Member: Former Judge of Supreme Court, or Former Chief Justice of a High Court
• Social Representation: At least 50% of Members must belong to SC/ST/OBC/Minorities/Women.

2. Tenure

• 5 years or until the age of 70 years, whichever is earlier.

3. Financial Independence

• All administrative expenses (salaries, allowances, pensions) of Lokpal are charged upon the Consolidated Fund of India, ensuring autonomy.

State of Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) in India 2025 Report – Key Highlights

• India has developed a “middle-path” digital model that balances state-led platforms with private-sector innovation, offering a replicable template for the Global South.
• Prepared by: IIM Bangalore’s Centre for Digital Public Goods

What is Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI)?

A technology-enabled, infrastructure-centric approach to achieving societal and governance goals through an ecosystem of:

• Shared digital systems
• Open standards and open protocols
• Public interest–oriented technology
• Market and governance frameworks

DPI functions as foundational rails upon which governments, markets, and civil society build applications and services.

Conditions for an Initiative to Qualify as DPI

1. Reach and Scale

Must allow third-party innovators to build diverse services on top of the infrastructure.

2. Non-Exclusivity

Should be inclusive, non-discriminatory, and open-by-design.

Significance of DPI in India

• Financial Inclusion: Enabled by the Jan Dhan–Aadhaar–Mobile (JAM) Trinity.
• Efficient Public Service Delivery: Platforms like DPI-backed DBT ensure targeted, leakage-free transfers.
• Innovation Ecosystem: Opens pathways for startups and enterprises to build scalable solutions.
• Citizen Empowerment: Enhances access, transparency, and consent-based control over personal data.

Key Highlights from the 2025 DPI Report

1. Co-Creation Model: A unique hybrid structure: Government-driven platforms & Private sector–energised deployment and innovation

Example: UIDAI’s Aadhaar works with private enrolment agencies, biometric device manufacturers, and authentication providers.

2. Building Blocks Approach: Integration of Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) and Digital Public Goods (DPG) to deliver speed, interoperability, and scale.

Example: DigiYatra (DPG—open-source digital assets) uses Aadhaar (DPI) to offer a paperless, contactless travel experience.

3. Expansion into Diverse Sectors

DPI is now a central pillar of India’s growth strategy, expanding across:

• Agriculture: AgriStack
• Logistics: Unified Logistics Interface Platform (ULIP)
• Education: DIKSHA platform

These sector-specific DPIs improve efficiency, reduce friction, and enable inclusive digital transformation.

India Launches First-of-its-Kind CCUS R&D Roadmap (2025)

• India unveiled its first dedicated Research & Development Roadmap to accelerate progress toward national Net Zero targets using Carbon Capture, Usage and Storage (CCUS) technologies.
• The roadmap lays out a Three-Phase R&D Programme to guide future innovation, industrial adoption, and technological integration.
• Prepared by: Department of Science & Technology (DST)

Three-Phase CCUS R&D Programme

Phase 1: End-of-Pipe (EP) Integration

• Deploys existing or improved CCUS technologies as end-of-pipe solutions in current emission-intensive sectors.
• Targets present-day industries without requiring major redesigns.

Phase 2: CCUS-Compliant Design (CCD) for New Industries

• Integrates advanced CCUS technologies directly into new manufacturing facilities.
• Promotes industry setups that are designed from the start for carbon capture readiness.

Phase 3: CCUS-in-One-Pot (COP) Strategy

Focuses on next-generation CCUS technologies, including: Photo-catalytic, Bio-catalytic

• Electro-catalytic
• Photo-bio-electro-catalytic conversion systems

These are integrated into new low-emission industrial processes.

What is CCUS?

A set of technologies that:

• Capture CO₂ emissions from large point sources (e.g., thermal power plants, steel plants).
• Remove CO₂ directly from the air.
• Store CO₂ in geological formations, deep-sea sediments, or seawater, or
• Convert it into useful products.

Role of CCUS in Climate Change Mitigation

1. Decarbonising Hard-to-Abate Sectors

• Industries like iron, steel, cement, and chemicals, where electrification and renewables alone are insufficient.

2. Producing Low-Carbon Power and Hydrogen

• CCUS can be added to plants running on Coal, Natural gas, Biomass, Waste
• Enables blue hydrogen, low-carbon electricity, and cleaner industrial heat.

3. Removing Existing Atmospheric CO₂: Through two major pathways

a) BECCS (Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage)

• Biomass absorbs CO₂ → used to generate energy → CO₂ captured & stored.
• Can achieve net-negative emissions if biomass is sustainably sourced.

b) DACCS (Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage)

• Captures CO₂ directly from the atmosphere using chemical sorbents.
• Stores it permanently or uses it for industrial applications.

Both rely fundamentally on CCUS technologies.

DHRUVA: India’s Proposed Digital Addressing System

The Department of Posts has proposed DHRUVA, a national initiative aimed at creating a digital addressing ecosystem to enable “Address as a Service” (AaaS) in India.

About DHRUVA

Full Form: Digital Hub for Reference and Unique Virtual Address

Key Features

• Interoperable & Standardised System:
  Designed to function seamlessly across platforms, sectors and service providers.
• User-Centric Digital Addressing:
  Simplifies address sharing by replacing complex textual addresses with unique, virtual labels.

Purpose

To transform physical addresses into UPI-like digital identifiers such as “name@entity”, which serve as easily shareable proxies for actual physical locations.

How It Works

• Users provide a digital address label instead of entering full address details.
• With user consent, service providers can instantly access the complete physical address and geo-coordinates.

Foundational Layer: DIGIPIN

• Acts as the core structure of the system.
• A geo-coded PIN generated using latitude–longitude coordinates.
• Ensures accuracy, standardization, and universal compatibility across services.

Mahad Satyagraha

Mahad Satyagraha was one of India’s earliest human rights movements, led by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar to assert the right of untouchables to access public water.

About Mahad Satyagraha

1. Date & Place

• 20 March 1927, at Chavdar Tale, Mahad, Maharashtra.

2. Objective

• To secure the right of Dalits to use public drinking water and challenge caste-based social discrimination.

3. Key Participants

• Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, supported by Anandrao Chitre, Bapu Sahastrabuddhe, Sambhaji Gaikwad, Ramchandra More.

4. Symbolic Act

• Ambedkar and followers drank water from the public tank, asserting that basic resources like water cannot be monopolized by upper castes.

5. Ideological Message

• Water as a fundamental human right, rejecting caste-based privileges.
• Sought to break social exclusion and untouchability.

6. Manusmriti Dahan

• On 25 December 1927, Ambedkar publicly burned Manusmriti, denouncing the caste system.

7. Significance

• Considered the first major civil rights movement for Dalits under Ambedkar’s leadership.
• Laid the foundation for subsequent Dalit rights and social reform movements.

Exercise GARUDA SHAKTI

The 10th edition of Exercise GARUDA SHAKTI has commenced at the Special Forces Training School, Bakloh, Himachal Pradesh, strengthening India–Indonesia military cooperation.

About Exercise GARUDA SHAKTI

1. Type

• Bilateral joint military exercise between India and Indonesia, focusing on Special Forces operations.

2. Aim

• To enhance mutual understanding, interoperability, and operational cooperation between the participating Special Forces units.
• To share tactical knowledge, training methodologies, and counter-terrorism expertise.

3. Participants

• Indian Special Forces and Indonesian Special Forces personnel.

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