6 September 2025 Current Affairs (With PDF)

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Prime Minister of Singapore Visits India

Overview

• Singapore PM (Lawrence Wong) Visits India to Celebrate 60 Years of Diplomatic Relations, Reaffirms Partnership Built on Trust.
• India, Singapore Agree to Institutionalize Annual Ministerial Roundtable for Comprehensive Strategic Partnership Review.
• Only 3 agreed upon City – States today are Monaco, Singapore, Vatican City.

Key Outcomes of Visit

1. Economic Cooperation

• Progress on 3rd Review of Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement.
• Substantial Review of ASEAN – India Trade in Goods Agreement (AITIGA) in 2025.
• Support for India’s Semiconductor Industry.
• Enhanced India – Singapore Capital Market Connectivity.

2. Space Cooperation

• Collaboration between IN – SPACe (India) and Office for Space Technology & Industry (Singapore).

4. Digitalisation

• Expansion of UPI – PayNow linkage for Cross – Border Payments.

5. Skills Development

• Setting up a National Centre of Excellence in Advanced Manufacturing at Chennai, Tamil Nadu.

6. Sustainability and Climate Cooperation

• Collaboration in Green Hydrogen, Ammonia Production, Urban Water Management, CivilNnuclear Domain.
• Joint Initiatives under International Solar Alliance and Global Biofuels Alliance.

7. Connectivity

• Establishment of an India – Singapore Green and Digital Shipping Corridor between Port of Singapore and Major Indian Ports.
• Inaugurate 2nd Phase of Bharat Mumbai Container Terminal at Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (Maharashtra).
• With this, Maharashtra Becomes India's Highest Port Capacity State, Surpassing Gujarat.

India – Singapore Relations

• Singapore was founded as a Trading Post by Sir Stamford Raffles in 1819.
• Singapore Hosted Subhash Chandra Bose's Provisional Government of Azad Hind Formation in 1943.
• India was among 1st Nations to recognize Singapore’s Independence in 1965.
• Singapore is India’s 2nd Largest Trading Partner within ASEAN and ranks as India’s 6th Largest Global Trading Partner (2024 – 25).
• Military Exercises: Agni Warrior (Army), SIMBEX (Navy)
• Multilateral Engagement: East Asia Summit, Commonwealth, Indian Ocean Rim Association, Indian Ocean Naval Symposium, International Solar Alliance, Global Biofuel Alliance.
• Tamil holds status of one of Singapore’s 4 Official Languages.

Sample Registration System (SRS) Statistical Report 2023 Released

Context

The Sample Registration System (SRS) Statistical Report 2023 has been released by the Office of Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. SRS is one of the world’s largest demographic surveys, providing annual estimates of fertility and mortality.

Key Highlights of Report (2023)

1. Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

• National level: 1.9 (below replacement level of 2.1).
• Highest: Bihar (2.8).
• Lowest: Delhi (1.2).

2. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

• National level: 25 (down from 26 in 2022 and 32 in 2018).
• Highest: Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh & Uttar Pradesh (37).
• Lowest: Kerala (5).
• 1 in every 40 infants dies before completing one year.

3. Under-5 Mortality Rate (U5MR)

• Declined to 29 in 2023 (from 30 in 2022).
• Driven by a fall in female U5MR.

3. Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

• National level: 18.4 (2023).
• Highest: Bihar (25.8).
• Lowest: Tamil Nadu (12.0).

4. Crude Death Rate (CDR)

• National level: 6.4.
• Highest: Chhattisgarh (8.3).
• Lowest: Delhi (4.5).

5. Sex Ratio at Birth (SRB)

• Improved to 917 (2021–23) from 914 (2020–22).
• Highest: Chhattisgarh (974).
• Lowest: Uttarakhand (868).
• Rural: 914; Urban: 925.

Key Terms

• Total Fertility Rate (TFR): Average number of children a woman is expected to bear in her reproductive years.
• Infant Mortality Rate (IMR): Number of infant deaths (under 1 year) per 1,000 live births.
• Under-5 Mortality Rate (U5MR): Probability (per 1,000 live births) of a child dying before age 5.
• Crude Birth Rate (CBR): Number of live births per 1,000 people in a year.
• Crude Death Rate (CDR): Number of deaths per 1,000 people in a year.
• Sex Ratio at Birth (SRB): Number of females born per 1,000 males.

India’s Largest Lithium-ion (Li-ion) Battery Manufacturing Plant Inaugurated in Haryana

Context

India inaugurated its largest Li-ion battery manufacturing plant in Haryana under the Electronics Manufacturing Cluster (EMC) Scheme. Once fully operational, it will produce 20 crore battery packs annually, meeting around 40% of India’s total requirement (50 crore packs).

About Lithium-ion (Li-ion) Batteries

Nature: Rechargeable battery where lithium ions move between:

• Negative electrode: Graphite
• Positive electrode: Lithium transitional metal oxides
• Through a non-aqueous electrolyte during charging & discharging.

Benefits of Li-ion Batteries

• High Energy Density: 75–200 Watt-hours/kg → stores more energy compactly, longer cycles.
• Lightweight & Low Toxic Metals: Safer and lighter than lead-acid batteries.
• Performance: Stable cycles, high efficiency, low self-discharge, no “memory effect.”

Challenges of Li-ion Batteries

1. Supply Chain Dependence:

• China → ~50% of lithium production & ~70% of Li-ion battery manufacturing.
• India imported Li-ion batteries worth US$ 1.2 billion (2018–2022).

2. Safety Hazards:

• Flammable electrolyte → risk of fire/explosion.

3. Environmental Concerns:

• Mining → highly water-intensive (≈ 2,000 tonnes water/tonne lithium).
• Lack of recycling units → unsafe disposal.

About EMC Scheme

1. Launched by:

• Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology (MeitY) in 2012.

2. Aim:

• Build world-class infrastructure to attract investments in Electronics Systems Design & Manufacturing (ESDM).

3. Grant Assistance:

• Greenfield EMC: 50% project cost (max ₹50 crore per 100 acres).
• Brownfield EMC: 75% project cost (max ₹50 crore per project).

Peace Pact with Kuki-Zo Groups

Why in News

Tripartite Suspension of Operation (SoO) Agreement has been renewed between the Government of India, Manipur Government, and Kuki-Zo, Zomi, and Hmar insurgent groups to promote peace and dialogue in Manipur.

About the Agreement

1. First Signed:

• 22nd August 2008

2. Stakeholders:

• Centre, Manipur Government, and Kuki-Zo armed groups.

3. Objective:

Suspend hostilities and reduce violence.

• Initiate political dialogue.
• Work towards a political settlement within the framework of the Indian Constitution.

Other Key Peace Pacts in Northeast India

1. NLFT (SD) Agreement – 2019

• With the National Liberation Front of Tripura (Sabir Debbarma faction).
• Over 88 cadres surrendered arms and joined the mainstream.

2. Bodo Accord – 2020

• Signed with Bodo groups in Assam.
• Led to disbanding of militant formations and creation of a strengthened Bodoland Territorial Region (BTR).

3. Karbi Accord – 2021

• Agreement with Karbi groups in Assam.
• Over 1,000 armed cadres laid down weapons and joined the mainstream.

National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) 2025

Context

The Union Government released the NIRF Rankings 2025.

• Overall Category Topper: IIT Madras
• Universities Category Topper: Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru

About NIRF

• Launch: 2015 by the Ministry of Education.
• Purpose: Provides a transparent, objective, and reliable framework to evaluate and rank Indian higher education institutions.
• Utility: Helps students, parents, policymakers, and institutions assess performance and quality.

Assessment Parameters (Weightage)

• Teaching, Learning & Resources (TLR) – 0.30
• Research and Professional Practice (RP) – 0.30
• Graduation Outcome (GO) – 0.20
• Outreach and Inclusivity (OI) – 0.10
• Perception (PR) – 0.10

Mission Mausam

Why in News

The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) will install four additional radars in Jammu & Kashmir under Mission Mausam to enhance weather monitoring and forecasting.

About Mission Mausam

1. Launch Year:

• 2024

2. Nodal Ministry:

• Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES)

3. Implementing Agencies:

• India Meteorological Department (IMD)
• National Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF)
• Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM)

Objectives

1. Enhanced Weather & Climate Services

• Improve precision in observation, modeling, and forecasting.

2. Sectoral Applications

• Agriculture: Better crop advisories and early warnings.
• Disaster Management: Timely alerts for floods, cyclones, landslides.
• Rural Development: Climate-smart planning for villages and infrastructure.

India Joins the HealthAI Global Regulatory Network (GRN)

Why in News

• India has joined the HealthAI Global Regulatory Network (GRN), alongside members like the UK and Singapore, to strengthen safety protocols and monitor AI performance in healthcare.

About HealthAI and GRN

• HealthAI: Geneva-based independent nonprofit organization promoting equitable access to AI-powered health innovations.
• Collaborations: Works with governments, international organizations, and global health leaders to ensure ethical AI governance in healthcare.
• Global Repository: GRN members gain access to a Global Public Repository of AI-registered solutions, enabling countries to share best practices and regulatory frameworks.

Significance for India

• Strengthens India’s role in AI governance and health innovation.
• Facilitates international cooperation in AI safety, ethics, and healthcare transformation.
• Supports implementation of IndiaAI strategy through global partnerships.

Ayurveda Āhāra

Why in News

FSSAI in collaboration with the Ministry of Ayush has released a definitive list of ‘Ayurveda Āhāra’ products.

About Ayurveda Āhāra

1. Regulation:

• Part of Food Safety and Standards (Ayurveda Āhāra) Regulations, 2022.

2. Objective:

• Provide clear guidelines for Food Business Operators (FBOs).
• Ensure authenticity, safety, and standardisation of Ayurvedic food products.

3. Source:

• Formulations are based on classical Ayurvedic texts.

4. Examples of Ayurveda Āhāra Products:

• Angarkarkati – baked wheat balls
• Krishara – khichdi preparation
• Panaka – fruit-based drinks
• Dadhi – curd-based food
• Gulkand – rose petal jam

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