8 December 2025 Current Affairs (With PDF)

Stay updated with 8 December 2025 Current Affairs on this page! We bring you the most relevant and important news updates from around the world and India, specially curated for competitive exams and different entrance exams. Today's Current Affairs cover all significant national and international headlines, legal updates, economic news, and environmental highlights to boost your preparation. With our crisp, to-the-point coverage, you can confidently tackle current affairs questions in your exams.

23rd India–Russia Annual Summit — Key Highlights (2025)

• Location: New Delhi
• Marks 25 years of the 2000 Strategic Partnership Declaration
• Partnership Level: Elevated to Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership in 2010

Major Outcomes of the Summit

1. Economic & Trade Cooperation

• Economic Programme 2030 adopted to diversify ties beyond defence & energy.
• Trade Target: $100 billion by 2030 (current: $68.7 billion in 2024–25).
• FTA with Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU): Negotiations to be fast-tracked.
• Payment Systems: Boost settlements in national currencies, Work on interoperability of payment systems and CBDCs to bypass Western financial systems.

2. Energy Security

• Russia committed to uninterrupted oil & gas supplies.
• Continued support for: Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant, Small Modular Reactors, Future civil nuclear projects.

3. Defence & Strategic Partnership

• Focus on: Joint R&D, Co-production under Make in India, Military technology transfer, Regular defence exercises.
• Reinforces long-term defence interoperability.

4. Connectivity & Logistics

Enhanced engagement on:

• International North–South Transport Corridor (INSTC)
• Chennai–Vladivostok Maritime Corridor
• Northern Sea Route for Arctic shipping
• MoU on training specialists for polar waters, supporting Arctic cooperation.

5. International Cooperation

• Russia formally joined the International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA), led by India.
• Commitment to cooperation in multilateral forums (BRICS, SCO, G20, UN).

6. Migration & People-to-People Ties

• MoUs on mobility and migration for skilled Indian professionals.
• 30-day visa-free e-tourist entry for Russian citizens introduced.
• Cultural and educational exchanges expected to deepen.

Delhi High Court Rejects Patent Infringement Suit Against Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories (DRL)

Case Summary

• Novo Nordisk (Denmark) sought an interim injunction against Dr Reddy’s Laboratories (DRL) alleging patent infringement over semaglutide.
• Semaglutide: Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) used in treating Type-2 diabetes and obesity; marketed globally as Ozempic and Wegovy.
• Court refused the injunction.

Key Reasoning of Delhi High Court

• Novo Nordisk’s two secondary patents involved minor variations of semaglutide.
• Court observed that such minor modifications may amount to evergreening, not genuine innovation.
• No strong prima facie case of infringement was established for granting an interim injunction.

About Evergreening of Patents

A strategy by pharmaceutical companies to extend patent monopolies beyond 20 years by introducing minor/insignificant modifications to existing drugs.

Common Evergreening Techniques

• New salts, polymorphs, isomers
• Slightly altered formulations or dosages
• Novel delivery systems
• Minor molecular tweaks without improved therapeutic effect

Legal Framework in India

1. Patents Act, 1970 – Section 3(d)

• Prohibits patents on new forms of known substances unless they show significantly enhanced therapeutic efficacy.
• Designed specifically to prevent evergreening.

2. Patentability Standards

• Must satisfy: Novelty, Inventive step, Industrial applicability
• Trivial, obvious, or cosmetic variations fail these criteria.

3. TRIPS-Compliant Flexibilities

• India complies with WTO’s TRIPS Agreement.
• Uses Doha Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health to protect access to affordable generics and limit unjustified monopolies.

Significance of the Judgment

• Reinforces India’s strict stance against evergreening.
• Supports availability of affordable generic antidiabetic/anti-obesity drugs.
• Strengthens jurisprudence on Section 3(d) after landmark cases like Novartis (Glivec).

Private Members’ Bill Proposes ‘Right to Disconnect’ for Employees

A Private Members’ Bill has been introduced in the Lok Sabha seeking to grant employees the legal right to disconnect from work-related communication outside official working hours. The Bill also proposes setting up an Employees’ Welfare Authority to oversee implementation.

About the Private Members’ Bill

• Introduced by an MP who is not a Minister.
• Such Bills highlight key social or policy issues, though their passage is uncommon.
• This Bill focuses on protecting workers from the pressures of constant digital connectivity.

What is the ‘Right to Disconnect’?

• A statutory right that allows employees to refuse work calls, emails or messages beyond work hours and on holidays.
• Draws inspiration from Article 24 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, recognising the right to rest, leisure, and reasonable limits on working hours.

Need for the Right to Disconnect

1. Workplace Stress & Health

• Persistent digital availability increases anxiety, sleep-related disorders, and burnout.
• Rising instances of overwork-related health crises (e.g., 2024 Ernst & Young employee death in Pune).

2. Productivity Considerations

• Multiple studies indicate productivity drops significantly beyond 50 working hours/week.
• Overwork reduces efficiency and increases error rates.

3. Socio-Psychological Well-being

• Continuous work engagement erodes work–life balance, strains family ties, and contributes to social isolation.

4. Constitutional Backing

• Article 21: Ensures dignity and a life with meaningful rest.
• Article 39(e): Mandates the State to prevent exploitation of workers’ health.
• Article 42: Directs the State to create humane and safe working conditions.

Global Practices

1. France – El Khomri Law (2017)

• First national law recognising the right to disconnect.
• Requires companies to frame after-hours communication policies.

2. Australia – 2024 Amendments to Fair Work Act

• Employees may decline after-hours work communications.
• Limited exceptions exist (e.g., emergencies or essential service needs).
• Protects workers from penalty or discrimination for refusal.

Infrastructure Investment Trust (InvIT)

The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) has received SEBI’s in-principle approval to register the Raajmarg Infra Investment Trust as an Infrastructure Investment Trust (InvIT), enabling monetisation of highway assets.

About InvIT

1. Concept

• Infrastructure Investment Trusts (InvITs) are collective investment vehicles, similar to mutual funds, that pool money from investors to invest in income-generating infrastructure assets such as toll roads, power transmission networks, pipelines, renewable energy projects, etc.

2. Structure

• InvITs are established by sponsors—typically infrastructure developers or private equity firms.
• Sponsors transfer ownership or operating rights of the underlying assets to the InvIT Trust.
• The Trust then issues units to investors, who receive returns from the revenues generated by these assets.

3. Regulation

• InvITs operate under the SEBI (Infrastructure Investment Trusts) Regulations, 2014, which govern their registration, governance, disclosures, and investment norms.

4. Investor Protection

• SEBI mandates that InvITs must distribute at least 90% of their net distributable cash flows to unit holders, ensuring steady income for investors.

5. Importance

InvITs help:

• Monetise completed infrastructure assets
• Reduce burden on government finances
• Attract long-term institutional investors
• Improve efficiency and professional management of infrastructure projects

UMEED Portal

The Union Minister has announced that no penalties will be imposed for delayed registration of Waqf properties on the UMEED Portal for the next three months, allowing institutions additional time for compliance.

About UMEED Portal (Ministry of Minority Affairs)

• UMEED stands for Unified Waqf Management, Empowerment, Efficiency and Development under the Waqf Act, 1995.
• It is a centralized digital platform designed to streamline the management, monitoring, and transparency of Waqf properties across the country.

Key Features

1. Digital Inventory & Mapping: Creation of a comprehensive online database of all Waqf properties.

Geo-tagging and GIS-based mapping for accurate location tracking.

2. Real-Time Management: Facilities for instant uploading, verification, and updating of property records.

Improves administrative efficiency and reduces manual errors.

3. Transparency & Accountability: Ensures transparent leasing procedures & monitoring of property utilisation.

Helps curb misuse, encroachment, and financial irregularities.

4. Public Access & Reporting: Citizens can access verified information, reports, and property details through the portal.

Enhances public oversight and community participation.

5. Grievance Redressal:

Integrated online grievance mechanism for faster resolution of issues related to Waqf assets.

Health Security se National Security Cess Bill, 2025

The Lok Sabha has passed the Health Security se National Security Cess Bill, 2025 aimed at generating additional fiscal resources to boost defence preparedness, public health systems, and overall national security capacity.

Key Features of the Bill

1. Purpose and Scope

• Establishes a statutory framework for levying a special excise cess.
• Designed to channel extra revenue toward strengthening public health and national security infrastructure.

2. Capacity-Based Excise Cess

• Introduces a capacity-based cess on machinery or production processes used for manufacturing specified goods.
• Initial coverage includes products like pan masala, often associated with high health burdens.

3. Revenue Utilisation

All proceeds from the cess will be credited to the Consolidated Fund of India (CFI).

Funds earmarked for:

• Enhancing defence preparedness
• Upgrading public health capabilities
• Supporting broader national security objectives

Goldilocks Economy

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has reduced the repo rate by 25 basis points to 5.25%, signalling the emergence of a rare Goldilocks period in India’s economic cycle.

What is a Goldilocks Economy?

A Goldilocks economy refers to an economic condition that is “just right”—neither too hot nor too cold. It represents an ideal scenario characterised by:

• Balanced and sustainable economic growth
• Low and stable inflation
• High or full employment
• Absence of recessionary pressures or overheating

The term is inspired by Goldilocks from the fairy tale, where conditions are “just right.”

Key Indicators (Current Scenario)

• GDP Growth: Projected at 7.3%, reflecting strong and stable expansion.
• Inflation: Around 2%, indicating benign price levels.
• Monetary Policy Response: RBI’s repo rate cut to 5.25% aligns with the stable macroeconomic environment.

These indicators together showcase a Goldilocks-like condition, where growth is robust but inflation remains under control, enabling supportive monetary policy.

Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA)

DGCA has granted temporary relaxation in Flight Duty Time Limit (FDTL) norms for IndiGo, following large-scale flight disruptions caused by pilot shortages.

About DGCA

• Headquarters: New Delhi
• Nature: The regulatory body for civil aviation in India.
• Parent Ministry: Attached office under the Ministry of Civil Aviation.

Key Functions

• Ensures aviation safety through regulation and supervision.
• Regulates air transport services to, from, and within India.
• Enforces civil aviation regulations, including: Airworthiness standards, Licensing of pilots, engineers, and air operators, Flight safety oversight
• Issues rules under the Aircraft Act, 1934 and Aircraft Rules, 1937.
• Investigates air safety incidents (except accidents handled by AAIB).
• Coordinates with the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) for compliance with global aviation standards.

Exercise Harimau Shakti

India and Malaysia have begun the 15th edition of the joint military exercise ‘Harimau Shakti’ in Rajasthan.

About the Exercise

• Type: Annual bilateral military exercise between the Indian Army and the Malaysian Army.
• Rotation: Conducted alternately in India and Malaysia.
• Primary Objective:To rehearse Sub-Conventional Operations under Chapter VII of the United Nations Mandate, Focus is on coordinated counter-terrorist operations, enhancing interoperability, joint planning, tactical drills, and operational synergy.

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