9 June 2025 Current Affairs (With PDF)

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Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) Takes Steps to Boost Liquidity

Monetary Policy Committee Cuts Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) by 100 Basis Points (bps), Lowers Repo Rate by 50 bps to Boost Banking Liquidity.

Key Monetary Policy Instruments for Liquidity Management

Recent MPC Decisions and Likely Impacts

Monetary Policy Committee (MPC)

1. Legal Backing

• Established under Section 45ZB of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934
• Inserted via amendments in 2016

2. Composition:

a. Total Members: 6

3 from RBI:

• Governor of RBI – Chairperson ex-officio
• Deputy Governor in charge of monetary policy
• One officer nominated by the RBI Board

3 nominated by the Central Government – Independent experts in economics or finance

b. Tenure of external members: 4 years (non-renewable)

3. Meetings

• Must meet at least 4 times a year (generally meets bi-monthly)
• Quorum: Minimum 4 members
• Voting: Each member has one vote and In case of a tie, RBI Governor has a casting vote

4. Functions

• Set the benchmark policy rate (repo rate) to meet the inflation target
• Maintain price stability while keeping in mind growth objectives
• Formulate and announce Monetary Policy Statements

5. Significance

• Introduced transparency and accountability in monetary policy
• Ensures institutional decision-making instead of individual discretion (previously RBI Governor alone decided repo rate)

India’s Progress in Poverty Reduction (2011–2023)

Key Highlights: Global Poverty Lines (World Bank)

• 269 million Indians moved out of extreme poverty (2011–12 to 2022–23).
• Extreme poverty rate fell from 27.1% → 5.3% (World Bank’s updated line: $3.00/day at 2021 PPP).
• Rural poverty: 18.4% → 2.8%
• Urban poverty: 10.7% → 1.1%
• Purpose: Reflect updated cost-of-living and global price changes.

Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)

1. MPI dropped from 53.8% (2005–06) → 15.5% (2022–23)

2. Based on 6 indicators:

• Income/consumption
• Educational attainment
• School enrollment
• Access to safe drinking water
• Sanitation
• Electricity

Fourth India–Central Asia Dialogue 2025

Held in: New Delhi

Context: Ongoing strategic engagement under India’s "Extended Neighbourhood Policy"

Key Highlights of the Joint Statement

• Condemnation of terrorism: Central Asian nations condemned the Pahalgam terror attack.
• Critical Minerals Cooperation: Interest in joint exploration of rare earth elements and critical minerals.
• UN Recognition: Welcomed the UNGA’s designation of 2025 as the “International Year of Peace and Trust”.
• Climate Focus: Applauded the First High-Level Conference on Glacier Preservation (Tajikistan, 2025) under the International Year of Glaciers’ Preservation.

India–Central Asia Relations: Key Pillars

1. Historical Linkages

• Ancient trade through the Silk Route
• Shared cultural and civilizational ties

2. Connectivity & Infrastructure

• International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC)
• Chabahar Port: Enhancing access to Central Asia bypassing Pakistan

3. Energy Security

• TAPI Pipeline: Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India gas pipeline
• Uranium imports from Kazakhstan (since 2009)

4. Economic & Trade Cooperation

• India–Kyrgyzstan Bilateral Investment Treaty
• India–Central Asia Business Council

5. Defense & Security Ties

Annual joint military exercises:

• Khanjar – India–Kyrgyzstan
• Kazind – India–Kazakhstan

Counterterrorism & regional stability cooperation

Gross FDI Inflows Rise in 2024–25: RBI

RBI Governor reported a 14% rise in Gross FDI; however, Net FDI moderated and FPI inflows fell.

Key Data Highlights:

• Gross FDI Inflows: ↑ 14% in 2024–25 compared to 2023–24
• Net FDI Inflows: Moderated to $0.4 billion and Due to higher repatriation of capital by foreign investors (a sign of a maturing economy)
• Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI): Dropped to $1.7 billion and Reason: Profit booking in equities

About FDI:

1. Investment by a foreign entity:

• In an unlisted Indian company through equity
• Or ≥ 10% stake in a listed Indian company
• (If <10%, it’s treated as FPI)

2. Brings: Long-term capital, technology, global linkages, and employment opportunities

Gross vs Net FDI:

• Gross FDI = Total incoming direct investments
• Net FDI = Gross FDI – (Repatriation of capital + Indian outward FDI)

Key Reasons for Rise in FDI:

1. Investor-Friendly Policy Reforms:

• 100% FDI via automatic route in many sectors
• GST implementation
• Decriminalization of business laws

2. Sectoral Growth Areas:

• Services: IT, finance, R&D, consultancy
• Manufacturing: Boosted by PLI schemes

3. Sub-National Efforts:

• State-level industrial policies
• Infrastructure readiness & investor outreach programs

FDI Trends (2024–25)

• Total Inflows: ~$81 billion
• Top FDI Source Countries: Singapore > Mauritius > United States > Netherlands
• Top FDI – Receiving States: Maharashtra > Karnataka > Gujarat > Tamil Nadu > Delhi – NCR

National e-Vidhan Application (NeVA)

Puducherry Legislative Assembly to Launch NeVA; Follows Nagaland, the First State to Implement Digital Legislative Platform.

About NeVA

• Ministry: Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (MoPA)
• Objective: To digitize and streamline legislative operations in all 37 State/UT legislatures
• Vision: “One Nation – One Application”

Key Features

• Paperless Proceedings: Enables digital documentation and real-time updates for House business.
• NIC Cloud – MeghRaj: Ensures secure and centralized deployment.
• Supports: Member attendance, questions, bills, debates, documents, reports—all in digital form.

Funding Model

• Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS): Union government provides a significant share of funding with some state contribution, ensuring equity and accessibility.

Significance

• Reduces paper usage (eco-friendly)
• Enhances transparency, efficiency, and accessibility
• Standardizes legislative functioning across states/UTs

UMEED Central Portal

Union Minister Launches UMEED Portal for Real-Time Monitoring, Geo-Tagging, and Management of Waqf Properties.

Key Features

• Digital Inventory of all Waqf properties.
• Geo-tagging and GIS mapping for location – based monitoring.
• Online Grievance Redressal Mechanism.
• Real-time verification and uploading of Waqf property records.

What is Waqf?

• A movable or immovable property dedicated permanently for religious, pious, or charitable purposes under Muslim Law.

Significance

• Enhances transparency and accountability in Waqf property management.
• Prevents encroachment and misuse of Waqf lands.
• Promotes productive utilization of Waqf assets for Healthcare, Education, Livelihood generation, Social welfare initiatives.

BRICS Parliamentary Forum

11th BRICS Parliamentary Forum Held in Brasilia (Brazil); India to Host 12th Forum in 2026.

About BRICS Parliamentary Forum

• Objective: Platform for legislative collaboration and dialogue among the parliaments of BRICS countries.
• First Forum: Held in 2015 in Moscow during Russia’s chairmanship.

About BRICS

• Origin: The term ‘BRICs’ was coined in 2001 by economist Jim O'Neill to represent emerging economies: Brazil, Russia, India, and China.
• Formation: BRICS was officially formed in 2009 by Brazil, Russia, India, China.
• South Africa joined in 2010.
• Current Members: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa plus recent additions Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Indonesia, and UAE.

Significance

• Strengthens parliamentary diplomacy among major emerging economies.
• Enhances cooperation on shared challenges: economic growth, sustainable development, global governance reforms.
• Provides a legislative voice complementing executive diplomacy in BRICS.

G7 (Group of Seven)

Canadian PM Invites Indian Prime Minister to G7 Summit in Kananaskis, Canada.

About G7

• Genesis: Founded in 1975 as a response to the global oil crisis and economic instability.
• Members: United States, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, and United Kingdom.
• Brief Evolution:

- Became G8 in 1998 with Russia’s inclusion.

- Returned to G7 in 2014 after Russia’s suspension due to the Crimea annexation.

• The European Union also participates in G7 summits but is not a member.

Objectives

• Provide a forum for coordination on foreign policy, security, and international economic policies.
• Address global challenges like economic crises, climate change, and security threats.

Economic Significance

• G7 countries collectively represent about 40% of the world’s GDP.
• Account for roughly 10% of the global population.

Chenab Rail Bridge

PM Inaugurates World’s Highest Chenab Rail Bridge and Anji Cable-Stayed Bridge, Boosting Jammu-Srinagar Connectivity.

Location

• Spans Chenab River, a major tributary of Indus River, formed by Chandra and Bhaga rivers in Himachal Pradesh.

Specifications

• Height: 359 meters above the Chenab River (world’s highest railway bridge).
• Length: 1,315 meters.
• Design: Steel arch bridge engineered to withstand seismic and wind conditions.

Significance

• Enhances connectivity between Jammu and Srinagar, critical for strategic and civilian transport.
• Part of the Udhampur-Srinagar-Baramulla Rail Link (USBRL) Project, aimed at integrating Kashmir with the rest of India.

Other Bridge

• Alongside the Chenab Bridge, the PM also inaugurated the Anji Bridge, India’s first cable-stayed railway bridge over the Anji River, a tributary of the Chenab.

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