10 February 2026 Current Affairs (With PDF)

We bring you the most relevant and important news updates from around the world and India, specially curated for competitive exams and different entrance exams. Today's Current Affairs cover all significant national and international headlines, legal updates, economic news, and environmental highlights to boost your preparation. With our crisp, to-the-point coverage, you can confidently tackle current affairs questions in your exams

Prime Minister of India’s Official Visit to Malaysia

Why in News

The Prime Minister of India undertook an official visit to Malaysia, during which both countries issued a joint statement underscoring their shared commitment to regional security, economic cooperation, climate action, and advanced technology collaboration.

Background: India–Malaysia Relations

• Bilateral ties were elevated to a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership (CSP) in August 2024
• Relationship spans defence, trade, diaspora ties, energy, technology, and regional multilateralism

Key Outcomes of the Joint Statement

1. Strategic and Defence Cooperation

(a) Institutional Mechanisms

• Establishment of a Strategic Affairs Working Group (SAWG)
• Creation of a Su-30 Forum to enhance cooperation between the two Air Forces
• Focus on maintenance, technical expertise, and supply-chain resilience

(b) Military Engagement

• Conduct of Harimau Shakti joint military exercise (5th edition)

(c) Counter-Terrorism

• Reaffirmation of zero tolerance towards terrorism
• Call for coordinated global action against terror networks

2. Energy and Climate Partnership

• Renewable Energy Cooperation: Expansion of Malaysian investments in Solar energy and Green hydrogen projects in India
• Climate Commitments: Shared resolve towards achieving net-zero emissions
• Semiconductor Collaboration: Cooperation in Skilled workforce development, Supply-chain resilience, Institutional and industry linkages

3. Trade and Investment Cooperation

• Emphasis on balanced and diversified bilateral trade
• Priority Sectors: Semiconductors, Digital economy, Advanced manufacturing
• Financial Cooperation: Promotion of local currency settlement (INR–MYR)
• Encouraged through cooperation between Reserve Bank of India and Bank Negara Malaysia
• Strengthening resilient supply chains and investment flows

4. Food Security and Agricultural Cooperation

• Malaysia reiterated its role as a reliable supplier of palm oil to India
• Collaboration across the oil palm value chain focus on downstream processing and Value-added agricultural products
• Support for India-led Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI)

5. Regional and Multilateral Engagement

• Global Governance: Support for comprehensive UN reforms and Endorsement of India’s permanent membership in a reformed UNSC
• Indo-Pacific Cooperation
• Reaffirmation of ASEAN Centrality, ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific, India’s Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative
• Maritime Order: Commitment to UNCLOS, 1982 & Upholding freedom of navigation and overflight

India–Malaysia People-to-People and Cultural Ties

Economic Importance

Malaysia is India’s 3rd largest trading partner in ASEAN

Diaspora Connect

• Malaysia hosts ~2.75 million Persons of Indian Origin (2nd largest globally after the US)
• ~2.9 million Indian diaspora (3rd largest globally)
• Records the highest participation in Pravasi Bharatiya Divas

Cultural and Soft Power Linkages

• Strong Indian cultural presence nearly 20,000 Hindu temples and Gurudwaras & widespread use of Indian languages
• Acts as a pillar of India’s cultural diplomacy in Southeast Asia

50 Years of the Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976

Why in News

February 2026 marks 50 years since the enactment of the Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976—a landmark legislation aimed at eradicating one of the most exploitative forms of forced labour in India.

Constitutional and Legal Framework Against Bonded Labour

1. Constitutional Safeguards

• Article 21: Right to life with dignity
• Article 23: Prohibition of trafficking and forced labour
• Article 24: Prohibition of child labour in hazardous occupations

2. Statutory Provisions

• Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976: Abolishes bonded labour in all forms
• Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023: Section 143 criminalises trafficking, forced labour, and exploitation

Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976: Key Provisions

1. Abolition and Liberation

• Complete abolition of the bonded labour system
• All bonded debts stand extinguished
• Mandatory immediate release of all bonded labourers

2. Protection and Safeguards

• Protection of freed bonded labourers from eviction from land they occupied
• Bar on recovery of bonded debts through civil or criminal proceedings

3. Institutional Enforcement Mechanism

• District Magistrate designated as the implementing authority
• Vigilance Committees at district and sub-division levels: Identification, Release, Rehabilitation Oversight

4. Rehabilitation Measures

• Financial assistance through Central and State rehabilitation schemes
• Support includes Land allotment, Housing, Livelihood generation
• Periodic surveys and rescue operations conducted over decades

Persisting Challenge: Why Does Bonded Labour Continue?

1. Socio-Economic Factors

• Chronic poverty and indebtedness
• Absence of formal contracts in the informal economy
• Weak labour inspection mechanisms

2. Social and Structural Issues

• Caste-based discrimination, with SC/ST communities disproportionately affected
• Inter-generational bondage in rural and migrant labour settings

3. Governance and Legal Gaps

• Since 1978, only about 3 lakh bonded labourers officially identified and rehabilitated
• Low conviction rates under the Act
• Enforcement remains employer-centric rather than victim-centric

Foundation Ceremony of Amaravati Quantum Valley

Why in News

The Foundation Ceremony of Amaravati Quantum Valley was held, marking a major step towards developing Amaravati (Andhra Pradesh) as a national hub for quantum research, innovation, and industry, under the National Quantum Mission (NQM).

Amaravati Quantum Valley

• Envisioned as a centre of excellence for quantum research, startups, skilling, and industry collaboration.
• Aligns with India’s goal of building sovereign quantum capabilities.
• Supports translation of quantum research into commercial and strategic applications.

National Quantum Mission (NQM)

1. Overview

• Launched: 2023
• Duration: 2023–24 to 2030–31
• Budget: ~₹6,000 crore
• Objective: To seed, nurture, and scale up scientific and industrial R&D and create a vibrant quantum ecosystem in India.

2. What is Quantum Technology?

• Uses qubits instead of classical binary bits (0 or 1).
• Qubits can exist in superposition and entanglement, enabling exponentially higher computing power.

Key Objectives of NQM

1. Quantum Computing

Develop intermediate-scale quantum computers:

• 20–50 physical qubits within 3 years
• Scaling up to ~1,000 qubits within 8 years

2. Quantum Communication

• Satellite-based secure quantum communication over distances of 2,000 km
• Development of inter-city Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) networks

3. Quantum Sensing & Metrology

• High-sensitivity quantum magnetometers
• Atomic clocks for precision navigation and timing systems

4. Quantum Materials

• Synthesis of next-generation materials such as Superconductors and Topological materials
• Essential for stable and scalable qubit fabrication

Significance of National Quantum Mission

1. Strategic and Security Importance

• Enables unhackable quantum encryption and secure QKD networks.
• Critical for defence, banking, telecom, and digital infrastructure.

2. Global Standing

• Places India among a select group of countries with a dedicated national quantum mission.

3. Sectoral Transformation

• Healthcare: Precision radiation therapy, faster drug discovery, personalized medicine.
• Economy & Innovation: Job creation in deep-tech sectors; Boost to startups and MSMEs; Spillover benefits to space, defence, and advanced manufacturing.

Integrated Farming Systems (IFS) for Small Farmers

Why in News

The Union Agriculture Minister has called upon agricultural scientists to design and promote Integrated Farming System (IFS) models tailored specifically for small and marginal farmers, with the aim of enhancing income stability, sustainability, and resilience in Indian agriculture.

What is an Integrated Farming System (IFS)?

• Definition: IFS is a holistic and synergistic farm management approach that combines multiple agricultural enterprises within a single farm unit.
• Key Components Integrated: Crop cultivation, Livestock rearing, Horticulture, Fisheries, Poultry, Apiculture (beekeeping)
• Underlying Principle: Optimal utilization of farm resources through inter-linkages and recycling of outputs and by-products across components.

Context: Smallholders in Indian Agriculture

• Around 89.4% of Indian farmers operate on small and marginal landholdings (below 2 hectares).
• Such farmers face High vulnerability to climate shocks, Market price volatility, Limited capacity to absorb crop losses

Significance of IFS for Small Farmers

1. Income Stability and Risk Reduction

• Multiple farm enterprises generate diversified income streams.
• Reduces dependence on a single crop, insulating farmers from Crop failure and Market fluctuations
• Potential to enhance overall farm profitability.

2. Efficient Resource Utilisation

• On-farm recycling of Crop residues as animal feed and Animal waste as organic manure
• Leads to reduced dependence on Chemical fertilizers, External feed and inputs

3. Nutritional and Household Food Security

• Produces a variety of food items such as Milk, eggs, fish, fruits, and vegetables
• Helps address hidden hunger and malnutrition in rural households.

4. Ecological Sustainability

• Promotes biodiversity-friendly practices, such as Intercropping, Mixed farming, Crop rotation
• Improves soil health and reduces pressure on water and land resources.

Key Challenges in Implementing IFS

1. High Initial Investment

• Establishment of allied activities (e.g., cattle sheds, fish ponds, poultry units) requires significant upfront capital.

2. Skill and Knowledge Constraints

• Farmers may lack Technical know-how and Scientific understanding of integrated systems
• Requires continuous training and extension support.

3. Labour Intensity

• IFS models demand Higher labour input and Better farm management skills
• Can be challenging for ageing rural populations.

Government Initiatives Supporting IFS

1. National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA)

• Rainfed Area Development (RAD) component promotes location-specific IFS clusters, especially in rainfed and dryland regions.

2. Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY)

• Provides flexibility to States to design and fund customised IFS models and supporting infrastructure.

3. Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY)

• Encourages organic farming and nutrient recycling, integrating livestock with crop production.

4. Viksit Krishi Sankalp Abhiyan

• Focuses on bridging the lab-to-land gap by deploying scientists and experts to disseminate region-specific IFS practices.

5. ICAR – All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) on IFS

• Developing agro-climatic zone–specific IFS models across 25 States to optimise productivity and sustainability.

Sahyog Portal

Why in News

Delhi High Court has clarified that the “safe harbour” protection under Section 79 of Information Technology Act, 2000 does not exempt digital intermediaries from participating in the Sahyog Portal, which is a statutory mechanism for cybercrime control.

Legal Background: Section 79 of the IT Act, 2000

• Section 79 provides conditional immunity to intermediaries for third-party content hosted on their platforms.
• Safe harbour applies only if intermediaries:
• Act as neutral conduits
• Do not initiate, modify, or select the content
• Exercise due diligence and comply with government directions
• The Court held that procedural cooperation with lawful government mechanisms does not violate neutrality.

About the Sahyog Portal

1. Nodal Ministry

Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA)

2. Mission

To establish a coordinated, technology-enabled ecosystem for Prevention, Detection, Investigation, Prosecution of cybercrimes

Key Functions of Sahyog Portal

1. Automated Legal Notices

• Digitizes and streamlines the process of issuing notices to intermediaries by Appropriate Government and Authorized agencies
• Notices are issued under the IT Act, 2000.

2. Content Takedown Facilitation

• Enables removal or disabling of access to Information, Data and Communication links being used for unlawful activities such as fraud, cyberterrorism, child sexual abuse material (CSAM), or financial scams.

3. Single Integrated Platform

• Brings together All authorized law enforcement agencies and All digital intermediaries
• Enhances speed, coordination, and accountability in cybercrime response.

Significance of the Delhi High Court Ruling

• Clarifies that safe harbour ≠ immunity from regulatory compliance.
• Reinforces the principle that: Platforms must cooperate with lawful cybercrime prevention mechanisms.
• Strengthens India’s cyber governance framework without diluting freedom of expression.

Space Situational Awareness (SSA)

Why in News

Indian aerospace firm Azista Space has successfully demonstrated “in-orbit snooping” / “space watch” by capturing images of the International Space Station (ISS), significantly strengthening India’s Space Situational Awareness (SSA) capabilities.

About Space Situational Awareness (SSA)

Definition: SSA refers to the continuous monitoring, tracking, characterization, and prediction of:

• Man-made objects (active satellites, defunct satellites, space debris)
• Natural objects (asteroids, meteoroids)
  in Earth’s orbit.

Scope: Covers Low Earth Orbit (LEO), Medium Earth Orbit (MEO), and Geostationary Orbit (GEO).

Significance of SSA

• Collision Avoidance: Predicts conjunctions and enables timely orbit correction maneuvers.
• Space Sustainability: Prevents cascading collisions (Kessler Syndrome).
• National Security: Enhances space domain awareness, including detection of hostile or anomalous satellite behaviour.
• Asset Protection: Safeguards critical satellites used for communication, navigation, weather forecasting, and defence.
• Commercial Confidence: Builds trust for private satellite operators and space startups.

In-Orbit Snooping / Space Watch

• Refers to the ability of one satellite to image or closely observe another object in orbit.
• Dual-use capability:
• Civil: Inspection of satellites, anomaly diagnosis.
• Strategic: Monitoring adversary space assets.
• Raises issues of space norms, transparency, and potential weaponization, making SSA governance crucial.

India’s SSA Initiatives (ISRO)

NETRA Project

• Full form: Network for Space Objects Tracking and Analysis
• Purpose: Track space debris and satellites, Provide early warning of potential collisions.
• Uses: Ground-based radars, Optical telescopes, Data fusion systems

IS4OM

• Full form: Space Situational Awareness Control Centre
• Location: Bengaluru
• Functions: Central node for SSA data processing, Coordinates collision avoidance services for Indian satellites, Supports civil and strategic space operations.

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