11 July 2025 Current Affairs (With PDF)

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Comprehensive Update on Terrorist Financing Risks’ Report

“Comprehensive Update on Terrorist Financing Risks” released by the Financial Action Task Force (FATF).

Key Findings

1. Terrorist organizations continue to exploit the international financial system to fund operations and attacks.

2. Key Factors Influencing Terrorist Financing (TF) Risks):

• Lone actors & small cells needing minimal funds.
• Porous borders, especially in Africa and South Asia.
• State sponsorship of terrorism.
• Free Trade Zones with weak regulations facilitating illicit flows.

Trends in Terrorist Financing

1. Conventional Methods:

• Cash-based transactions, Hawala, and other informal systems.
• Used by groups like Al-Shabaab, Hamas.

2. Emerging Methods:

a. Digital Platforms:

• Social media, crowdfunding, online marketplaces.
• Virtual Assets (e.g., Bitcoin).
• Online gaming platforms used as channels for fund transfers.

b. Criminal Activities:

• Extortion, Kidnapping for Ransom (KFR), Drug Trafficking, Illicit natural resource trade (gold, timber).
• E.g., Boko Haram.

c. Use of Non-Profit and Legal Entities:

• Front and shell companies to obscure flows.
• Diversion of funds from non-profits.

Recommendations for Counter-Terrorism Financing (CTF) Strategies

1. Identify risk indicators:

• Frequent transfers to high-risk jurisdictions.
• Use of anonymity tools (Virtual Assets, prepaid cards).

2. Coordinated Multilateral Response:

• Multilateral designation of terrorist organizations under UN Security Council sanctions.

3. Outreach beyond traditional sectors:

• Develop Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) targeting social media & messaging platforms.

Union Government launches Aspirational DMF Programme

Union Mines Ministry Issues Guidelines for Aspirational DMF Programme to Align DMF Efforts with Aspirational District and Block Programmes.

What is it?

• A flagship initiative by the Ministry of Mines to align District Mineral Foundation (DMF) funds with Aspirational District Programme and Aspirational Block Programme.
• Aim: Create multiplier development impact in mining-affected areas by integrating DMF works with NITI Aayog’s aspirational interventions.

About District Mineral Foundation (DMF)

• Legal Basis: Established under Section 9(B) of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 (amended in 2015).
• Nature: Non-profit body.
• Objective: To work for the interest and benefit of persons and areas affected by mining operations, as prescribed by State Governments.

About Pradhan Mantri Khanij Kshetra Kalyan Yojana (PMKKKY)

Parent Scheme:

• The Aspirational DMF Programme draws its guidelines from PMKKKY, which channels DMF funds for:
• Development of mining-affected areas.
• Welfare of impacted communities.

Priority Sectors for Alignment

The programme will focus on convergence of DMF funds with these key sectors (also tracked under ADP/ABP):

• Health & Nutrition
• Education
• Agriculture, Water Resources, and Allied Activities
• Basic Infrastructure
• Social Development, Financial Inclusion & Skill Development

Identification and Coverage

1. Current Coverage:

• 106 Aspirational Districts
• 473 Aspirational Blocks
• This coverage is likely to increase over time.

2. Selection:

• Based on mining impact and priority development needs.

About Aspirational District and Block Programme

• Nodal Body: NITI Aayog
• Purpose: Transform most underdeveloped districts and blocks through Convergence, Collaboration, Competition
• Focus on key development indicators: Health & Nutrition, Education, Agriculture, Water Resources, Financial Inclusion, Infrastructure

Draft Petroleum & Natural Gas Rules, 2025

Overiew

• Released by: Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas
• Purpose: To replace outdated frameworks Petroleum Concession Rules, 1949 & Petroleum and Natural Gas Rules, 1959
• Context: Follows amendments to the Oilfields (Regulation and Development) Act, 1948.

Key Provisions

1. Environmental & Sustainability Measures

• Mandatory monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
• Regulatory framework for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS).
• Site Restoration Funds: Post-closure monitoring for minimum 5 years.

2. Integrated Low-Carbon Projects

• Operators can undertake renewable energy projects within oilfields: Solar, Wind, Hydrogen, Geothermal energy

3. Investor Protection

Stabilisation Clause:

• Protects investors from adverse impacts of future legal or fiscal changes (e.g., new taxes).
• Allows compensation or deductions to maintain investment predictability.

4. Infrastructure Efficiency

Declaration of Underutilised Capacity:

• Operators must declare spare capacity in pipelines & facilities.
• Aims to reduce duplication and enable access for smaller players.

5. Adjudicating Authority

• A dedicated body for: Grievance redressal, Enforcement of compliance, Dispute resolution., Imposition of penalties.

6. Data Governance

• Ownership: All operational data & physical samples belong to the Government of India.
• Usage: Lessees may Use data internally.
• Require government approval for exports or external use.

Objectives of the Reforms

• Modernise the upstream petroleum framework.
• Improve ease of doing business.
• Check greenhouse gas emissions.
• Encourage smaller operators to participate.
• Strengthen data governance.
• Create a grievance redressal mechanism.

In-SPACe Grants 5-Year Authorisation to Starlink

What is Starlink?

• Developed by SpaceX (Elon Musk).
• Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellation.
• Purpose: Deliver high-speed global internet coverage, including remote and underserved areas.

Significance of Authorisation

1. Part of India’s satellite communication liberalisation drive.

2. Aims to:

• Boost private participation in satellite services.
• Expand connectivity and bridge the digital divide.

Satellite Communication Services Overview

1. Definition:

• Wireless internet and data services via satellites, independent of terrestrial infrastructure (fibre, towers).

2. Key Users:

• Governments & Military, Broadcasters, Internet Service Providers, Corporates

3. Types:

• Telecom services
• Broadcasting services
• Data communication services

4. Importance:

• Universal coverage (including remote/rural regions).
• Emergency & disaster relief.
• Maritime and aviation connectivity.
• Navigation and mapping support.

Key Reforms and Initiatives to Promote Private Participation in Space

1. Space Sector Reforms (2020):

Clear demarcation of roles among

• ISRO: R&D and core missions.
• IN-SPACe: Authorisation, promotion, facilitation.
• NSIL: Commercial activities.

2. Indian Space Policy 2023:

• Level playing field for Non-Government Entities (NGEs).
• Encourages private participation across the entire space value chain: Satellites, Launch vehicles, Space-based services

3. Startup Support:

• Agnikul Cosmos: Received ISRO technology inputs for private launch vehicles.
• Skyroot Aerospace: Launched Vikram-S, India’s first private sub-orbital rocket (Nov 2022).

About IN-SPACe

1. Full Form:

• Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre

2. Nature:

• Autonomous body under Department of Space (DoS).
• Established under Space Sector Reforms, 2020.

3. Functions:

• Authorise and regulate private space activities.
• Promote public-private collaboration in India’s space sector.
• Manage a dedicated Venture Capital Fund for space startups.
• Strengthen India’s space economy and innovation ecosystem over the next five years.

Namibia to Become First African Country to Roll Out UPI-Based Digital Payments

Overview

• During the Indian PM’s recent visit, Namibia signed a licensing agreement to adopt UPI for real-time digital payments.
• Namibia will be the first African country to implement UPI.

What is UPI?

1. Unified Payments Interface (UPI) launched in 2016 by NPCI (National Payments Corporation of India).

2. It integrates multiple bank accounts into a single mobile app and enables:

• Instant fund transfer 24×7.
• Seamless merchant payments.
• Bill sharing and payment requests.

Significance of UPI Internationalisation

1. Global Market Expansion

• Enables faster, cheaper, interoperable cross-border payments.
• Can boost trade, tourism, and business linkages.

2. Interoperability & Standardisation

• Promotes adoption of common payment standards across countries.
• Enhances integration with global fintech ecosystems.

3. Digital Diplomacy

• Strengthens India’s technological goodwill and influence.
• Positions India as a leader in Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI).

Countries Accepting UPI-based Merchant Payments

• Bhutan (first adopter), France, Mauritius, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka, UAE, Namibia (roll-out approved)
• RBI-NPCI Target: Expand UPI to 20 countries by 2028-29.

Other Steps for UPI Globalisation

1. NIPL (NPCI International Payments Ltd)

• Wholly owned NPCI subsidiary (since 2020).
• Mandate: Deploy RuPay and UPI outside India.

2. UPI One World

• Prepaid payment instrument linked to UPI for foreign nationals and NRIs from G20 countries visiting India.

3. G20 Initiatives

• Global DPI Repository: For sharing best practices.
• Social Impact Fund: To support DPI roll-out in the Global South.

Admiralty (Jurisdiction and Settlement of Maritime Claims) Act, 2017

Kerala Govt has invoked this Act to seek compensation for environmental damage after the sinking of a ship.

Key Features

1. Scope of Application

Applies to Every vessel, regardless of:

• Owner’s place of residence or domicile.
• Country of registration.

2. Types of Maritime Claims Covered

• Damage to ships, cargo, or other property
• Loss of life or personal injury at sea
• Environmental damage (pollution, contamination)
• Disputes over: Ship ownership, Possession Use or earnings
• Claims relating to: Salvage operations, Towage, Pilotage
• Wages of seafarers and maritime workers

3. Jurisdiction

• High Courts of coastal states designated as Admiralty Courts.
• Exercise jurisdiction over maritime claims and ship arrest.

4. Powers under the Act

a. Arrest of Vessel

The vessel can be detained (arrested) to secure claims.

Ship is released when:

• Claim is settled, or
• Adequate security is furnished.

b. Compensation and Remediation

Covers:

• Compensation for damage
• Costs of removal measures
• Environmental remediation expenses

Extended Range Anti-Submarine Rocket (ERASR)

India has successfully tested this indigenous anti-submarine warfare system.

About ERASR

1. Purpose & Use

• Indigenous anti-submarine rocket system.
• Launched from Indian Naval ships to destroy enemy submarines.

2. Key Features

a. Twin-rocket motor configuration

• Enables a wide spectrum of range (variable engagement distance).
• Provides high accuracy and consistency in targeting.

b. Electronic Time Fuze

• Indigenously developed.
• Ensures precise timing and detonation.

c. Fully indigenous design

Developed by:

• Armament Research & Development Establishment (ARDE), Pune.
• Laboratory under DRDO.

3. Significance

• Strengthens Indian Navy’s Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) capabilities.
• Reduces dependence on imports.
• Part of India’s push for Aatmanirbhar Bharat in defence.

INS Nistar

Overview

• Recently delivered to the Indian Navy.
• India’s first indigenously designed and constructed Diving Support Vessel.

Key Features

1. Deep Sea Diving Capability

• Saturation Diving: Up to 300 m depth (for prolonged underwater work).
• Side Diving Stage: For diving operations up to 75 m depth.

2. Rescue Operations

• Serves as Mother Ship for Deep Submergence Rescue Vessel (DSRV).
• DSRV is used to rescue trapped submarine personnel.

3. Robotics & Remote Ops

Equipped with Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs):

• For diver monitoring.
• Salvage operations up to 1000 m depth.

Significance

• Boosts India’s capability in Submarine rescue, Deep sea diving support, Salvage operations.
• Enhances self-reliance under Aatmanirbhar Bharat in naval assets.

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