3 July 2025 Current Affairs (With PDF)

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Employment Linked Incentive (ELI) Scheme – 2025

Approved by the Union Cabinet, announced in Union Budget 2024–25 as part of the PM’s 5-scheme employment package.

Aimed at boosting job creation and formal workforce expansion in India, especially in manufacturing.

Implementing Ministry: Ministry of Labour & Employment

1. Scheme Outlay:

• ₹99,446 Crore (for 2 years: 2025–2027)

2. Scheme Objectives:

• Generate 3.5 crore jobs (including 1.92 crore first-time employees)
• Boost employability and social security
• Support EPFO-registered establishments
• Promote saving habits among workers

3. Scheme Structure:

a. Part 1: Incentive for First-Time Employees

i. Eligibility:

• EPFO-registered
• Monthly salary ≤ ₹1 lakh
• First-time formal employment

ii. Incentive:

One month’s EPF wage (max ₹15,000), paid in 2 instalments:

• After 6 months continuous employment
• After 12 months + financial literacy training

iii. Savings Push:

• A portion of incentive to go into a lock-in savings instrument

iv. Payment Mechanism:

• Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) via Aadhaar-based ABPS

b. Part 2: Incentives for Employers

i. Eligibility:

• Establishments registered with EPFO
• Must hire:

- ≥2 new employees if workforce < 50
- ≥5 new employees if workforce ≥ 50

ii. Incentive Amount:

• Up to ₹3,000/month per new hire

iii. Duration:

• 2 years (all sectors)
• 4 years (for manufacturing sector)

iv. Other Conditions:

• Salary cap: Up to ₹1 lakh/month
• Sustained employment: Minimum 6 months per new hire

v. Estimated Job Creation:

• ~2.6 crore additional jobs

vi. Employer Incentive Payment:

• Paid directly to PAN-linked bank accounts

National Sports Policy (NSP) 2025

Approved by the Union Cabinet in 2025, superseding the NSP 2001.

Aims to “Harness the Power of Sports for Nation’s Holistic Development”.

Historical Background:

• 1984: India’s first National Sports Policy.
• 2001: Previous version of NSP.
• 2025: New NSP aligns with Viksit Bharat and Olympic ambitions.

Strategic Framework of NSP 2025

1. Governance & Legal Framework:

• Sports law reforms and regulatory clarity.
• Strong compliance for NSFs.

2. Private Sector Role:

• PPP model, CSR funding, and sponsorship pipelines.

3. Technology Integration:

• Use of AI, data analytics, GPS wearables, bio-mechanics for athlete performance.
• Digital monitoring system for policy implementation.

Significance of NSP 2025

• Olympic Ambitions: Strengthen India’s bid for 2036 Olympic Games.
• Soft Power Diplomacy: Sports as a tool of regional leadership and global influence.
• Demographic Dividend: Leverages India’s youth bulge for productive engagement.
• Economic Growth: Boosts India's emerging sports economy and sports tech sectors.

Major Schemes: TOPS (Target Olympic Podium Scheme, 2014), Khelo India (2017), Fit India Movement (2019)

Research Development and Innovation (RDI) Scheme

The Union Cabinet approved the RDI Scheme, with a ₹1 lakh crore outlay to catalyze private sector investment in research, innovation, and sunrise sectors.

Aim of the Scheme

• Provide long-tenor financing / refinancing at low or nil interest rates.
• Support transformative R&D projects, enhance technological self-reliance, and strengthen economic and strategic security.

Key Objectives

• Finance projects at high Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs) (i.e., closer to commercialization).
• Facilitate acquisition of critical and strategic technologies.
• Set up a Deep-Tech Fund of Funds to scale investments in sunrise technologies.

Two-Tiered Funding Mechanism

1. Special Purpose Fund (SPF)

• Receives budgetary support.
• Acts as a principal corpus for long-term funding.

2. Second-Level Fund Managers

• Deploy funding to companies/startups via loans and equity.
• Tailored to sunrise sectors and strategic technologies.

Expected Impact

• Address Funding Constraints: Remove barriers to private R&D financing.
• Technological Adoption: Accelerate deployment of emerging technologies, boosting global competitiveness.
• Growth Capital: Fuel the scale-up of Indian startups and companies in critical sectors.

What are Sunrise Sectors?

Sunrise Sectors: Fast-growing industries poised to transform the economy.

Examples:

• Electronics and Semiconductors
• Electric Vehicles (EV)
• Renewable Energy
• Healthcare & Pharmaceuticals
• Agro & Food Processing
• Artificial Intelligence & Quantum Computing

One Year of New Criminal Laws (Effective: 1st July 2024)

To create a justice system that is affordable, accessible, simple, consistent, transparent, and citizen-centric, replacing colonial-era laws with a framework rooted in Indian realities.

Key Reforms in the First Year (2024–25)

1. Technology-Driven Justice

• e-Sakshya (electronic evidence) & e-Summons launched in 11 States/UTs.
• Nyaya Shruti: Courts can record witness testimony via video conferencing (active in 6 States/UTs).
• CCTNS (Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems):
  → 14,000+ police stations and 22,000+ courts linked digitally.

2. Capacity Building

• 23 States/UTs have completed 100% training of police/judicial officers.
• Community service introduced as a penal alternative in 12 States/UTs.

Landmark Supreme Court Judgments

1. Re-Inhuman Conditions In 1382 Prisons v. DG Prisons:

• Section 479 of BNSS (on undertrial detention) must be applied retrospectively.
• Jail authorities must identify eligible women prisoners for release.

2. Badshah Majid Malik v. ED:

• Bail granted under PMLA as 1/3rd sentence under BNSS was served, showcasing BNSS's sentencing guidelines in action.

Major Changes in Substantive Law (BNS/BSA)

• FIR at Any Police Station: Victims can now register FIRs irrespective of jurisdiction, improving access to justice.
• Death Penalty for Heinous Crimes: Death penalty introduced for severe crimes against women and children.
• National Security Focus: New offences under BNS for terrorist acts and activities endangering India’s sovereignty, unity, and integrity.
• Specific Recognition of New Crimes: Mob lynching and snatching classified as distinct and serious offences with stricter penalties.

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)

Background

• Conceived: 1963, at an IUCN meeting.
• Entered into Force: 1975.
• India Ratified: 1976.
• Significance: First-of-its-kind global agreement regulating wildlife trade.

Aim

• Ensure that international trade in wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival.
• Operates through a voluntary agreement, implemented via national legislation.

Key Features

• Secretariat: UNEP, Geneva, Switzerland.
• Scientific Support: IUCN.
• Parties: 185 countries and regional economic organizations.
• Licensing System: All import, export, and re-export requires permits.

Decision-Making

• Conference of the Parties (CoP): Highest body.
  CoP3: Held in New Delhi, 1981.
• CITES Trade Database: Managed by UNEP-WCMC.

Key Initiatives

1. MIKE Programme (Monitoring Illegal Killing of Elephants):

• Established: CoP10 (1997), Harare.
• Focus: Trends in elephant poaching.

2. ICCWC (International Consortium on Combating Wildlife Crime) 2010.

• Partnership to fight organized wildlife crime.

3. CITES

• Tree Species Project 2024

Project 17A Frigates

Background

• Follow-on Project: Based on Shivalik-class (Project 17) frigates.
• Ship Type: Stealth, multi-role frigates.
• Latest Milestone: INS Udaygiri, second ship of Project 17A, delivered to the Indian Navy.

Key Features

1. Enhanced Stealth:

• Superior shaping, radar cross-section reduction.

2. Advanced Sensors & Weapons:

• State-of-the-art combat management systems.
• Improved sonar and radar.
• Long-range surface-to-air and anti-ship missiles.

3. Blue Water Capability:

• Can operate across the Indian Ocean and beyond.
• Equipped to counter both conventional and non-conventional threats.

Strategic Role

• Fleet Protection: Safeguard carrier battle groups and other assets against: Surface combatants, Submarines, Aerial threats
• Power Projection: Reinforces India’s maritime interests in the Indo-Pacific.

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