9 July 2025 Current Affairs (With PDF)

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Kaladan Multimodal Transit Transport Project

To be Operational by 2027

• announced by Union Minister

Purpose:

• Enhance connectivity between India’s eastern ports and North-East Region (NER) via Myanmar using a combination of sea, river, and road routes.

Basic Details

• Agreement Signed: 2008
• Nodal Ministry: Ministry of External Affairs
• Project Consultant: Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI)
• Countries Involved: India and Myanmar

Transit Components

1. Waterway Segment:

• Route: Sittwe Port (Rakhine, Myanmar) ➝ Kaladan River ➝ Paletwa (Myanmar)

2. Road Segment:

• Route: Paletwa ➝ Zorinpui (India–Myanmar border, Mizoram)

Strategic and Economic Significance for India

1. Reduces dependence on the Siliguri Corridor ("Chicken’s Neck")

• Only 21 km wide; currently the sole land route to the NER.

2. Integrates NER with India’s Act East Policy (AEP)

• Enhances India’s economic and strategic engagement with ASEAN.

3. Cuts transportation cost and time by >50%

• Example: Kolkata ➝ Aizawl logistics will be significantly faster and cheaper.

4. Boosts regional development

• NER to emerge as a business hub with focus on Manufacturing, Agro-processing, Trade and exports

Related Regional Connectivity Projects

1. India-Myanmar-Thailand Trilateral Highway

• Route: Moreh (India) ➝ Bagan ➝ Mae Sot (Thailand)

2. Protocol on Inland Water Transit and Trade (PIWT&T)

• Bilateral agreement with Bangladesh
• Allows vessels to use each other’s inland waterways

3. BBIN Motor Vehicles Agreement (MVA)

• Members: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal
• Facilitates seamless movement of cargo and passenger vehicles.

4. MoU on Chattogram & Mongla Ports Use

• India gains access to Bangladeshi ports for NER cargo.

District SDG Index 2023–24 for NER

Released by:

• NITI Aayog

Purpose:

• Measure and rank SDG progress at district level in the North East

Top Performer:

• Hnahthial district (Mizoram) – Best performing district in NER
• All districts of Mizoram, Sikkim, and Tripura – Front Runner status

Significance:

Marks a milestone in localising Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) using a bottom-up approach.

Why Localising SDGs Matters

1. Local spaces = Key site of delivery

• Example: Mizoram has State Vision Documents + Village Level Monitoring Committees tracking progress.

2. Bottom-up Approach

Subnational governments bridge:

• National policy ➡️ Local communities
• Civil society, academia, private sector participation

3. Mobilising Local Resources

• Aligning state budgets with SDG priorities

5. Address Disparities

• Overcome intra-regional and inter-district gaps, bring lagging areas to national average

Challenges in SDG Localisation

1. Financial Constraints

• Competing priorities (healthcare, education > sustainability)

2. Intersectionality of Goals

• Balancing economic growth with environmental sustainability

3. Data Quality

• Lack of updated socio-economic data hinders evidence-based planning

4. Capacity Gaps

• Local institutions often lack skilled manpower and systems for tracking progress

India’s Initiatives for SDG Localisation

1. NITI Aayog:

• SDG India Index (ranking States/UTs)
• Voluntary National Reviews
• Promotes cooperative & competitive federalism

2. National Schemes:

• Rashtriya Gram Swaraj Abhiyan (RGSA) – Capacity building of Panchayati Raj Institutions
• Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Housing for all

3. State Schemes:

• CM’s Samagra Gramya Unnayan Yojana (Assam) – Holistic rural development

4. New Indices:

• Panchayat Advancement Index (PAI)

Enemy Property Act, 1968

Madhya Pradesh High Court dismissed an actor’s objection to a government notification declaring his property as enemy property.

What is Enemy Property?

Definition:

Any property belonging to, held, or managed on behalf of:

• an enemy,
• an enemy subject (individual citizen), or
• an enemy firm.

Who is an Enemy?

Any country (and its citizens) that has committed external aggression against India. Specifically:

• Pakistan (after 1965 and 1971 wars)
• China (after 1962 war)

Custodian of Enemy Property

• Vests all such property in Custodian of Enemy Property for India (Ministry of Home Affairs)
• The custodian manages, preserves, and disposes of these assets on behalf of the government.

2017 Amendment Highlights

Why was it passed?

• To prevent claims by legal heirs and successors trying to reclaim property.

Key Provisions:

Expanded Definition of Enemy:

1. Legal heir or successor of an enemy, even if:

• they are Indian citizens, or
• they are citizens of a country which is not an enemy.

2. An enemy who has changed nationality.

3. Bars civil courts and tribunals from hearing disputes related to enemy property.

Effect:

• Once property is declared enemy property, no inheritance, transfer, or sale is legally valid.
• Confiscation becomes absolute and permanent.

Battery Passport

NITI Aayog has begun consultations with ministries and departments to develop a Battery Passport framework for India.

What is a Battery Passport?

Meaning:

A digital identity card for each battery, similar to an Aadhaar number for batteries.
It provides a unique ID, typically embedded in a QR code, containing key lifecycle data:

• Origin – Where and when the battery was produced
• Composition – Materials and chemicals used
• Performance – Charging cycles, efficiency, degradation
• Carbon footprint – Emissions during production and use
• End-of-life details – Reuse, recycling, disposal status

Purpose and Significance

1. Safety and Quality:

• Enables tracking of defective batches, recalls, and performance.

2. Exports:

• Helps Indian electric vehicle (EV) manufacturers meet global standards, particularly for EU markets.

3. Circular Economy:

• Supports recycling and reuse by providing transparent data on battery materials.

4. Environmental Compliance:

• Encourages low-carbon, sustainable battery supply chains.

5. Consumer Transparency:

• Buyers can verify authenticity, capacity, and sustainability metrics.

Global Context

The European Union Batteries Regulation (2023) mandates a Battery Passport for industrial batteries >2 kWh by 2026.

The EU framework requires:

• Carbon footprint data
• Raw material sourcing information
• Recyclability details

Relevance for India

Rising EV adoption needs strong battery standards and traceability.

Will be critical for:

• FAME-II and battery swapping policies
• Meeting export regulations
• Supporting Make in India battery ecosystem.

Red Sea Crisis

Cargo ships in the Red Sea are facing renewed attacks from Houthi rebels (Yemen), who claim to have sunk a commercial vessel. This raises major concerns for global shipping, trade security, and energy supply routes.

Geographical Features of the Red Sea

1. Location:

• A marginal sea of the north-western Indian Ocean.

2. Key Connections:

• South: Connected to the Gulf of Aden (and Arabian Sea) via the Strait of Bab el-Mandeb.
• North: Connected to the Mediterranean Sea via the Suez Canal.

3. Northern Split:

• Gulf of Suez (Northwest)
• Gulf of Aqaba (Northeast)

4. Bordering Nations:

• West: Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea
• East: Saudi Arabia, Yemen

5. Northeast via Gulf of Aqaba:

• Israel, Jordan

6. Salinity & Climate:

• Among the most saline water bodies in the world.
• No river inflow, minimal rainfall, and high evaporation.

Strategic Importance

• Bab el-Mandeb Strait is one of the world’s busiest chokepoints for oil and cargo shipping.
• Disruptions here affect: Global oil prices; Supply chains between Europe, Asia & Africa; Suez Canal operations

Current Security Concerns

• Houthi rebels (Yemen) are targeting ships in retaliation for the Israel-Gaza conflict.
• Global navies (e.g. U.S. & allies) are conducting security patrols to safeguard vessels.
• Insurance costs and shipping diversions around Africa (Cape of Good Hope) have risen sharply.

Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation

CDSCO recommended safe disposal (“flush down the sink”) of 17 drugs (mainly narcotics and psychotropics) to prevent harm to pets and people, including: Fentanyl (potent painkiller), Tramadol (painkiller), Diazepam (anti-anxiety)

About CDSCO

• Nodal Authority: Central Drug Authority under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare.
• Legal Framework: Functions under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940.

Key Functions

Central Level (Core Regulatory Role):

• Approval of new drugs.
• Oversight of clinical trials.
• Regulatory control over drug imports (import licensing & regulation).
• Banning of drugs and cosmetics.

State Level (Enforcement Role):

• Manufacture, sale, and distribution of drugs are regulated mainly by State Drug Authorities.

Jal Jeevan Mission

Jal Jeevan Mission Faces Funding Hurdles, Forcing Extension of Completion Timeline from 2024 to 2028.

Launch:

• 2019

Type:

• Centrally Sponsored Scheme under the Ministry of Jal Shakti

Objective:

• Provide Functional Household Tap Connections (FHTC) to every rural household.
• Ensure safe and adequate drinking water by 2024 (now extended to 2028).

Key Features:

• Focuses on source sustainability measures (like recharge and reuse through greywater management, water conservation, rainwater harvesting).
• Emphasis on community participation in planning and implementation.:
• Drinking Water is a State Subject (7th Schedule), States are primarily responsible for planning, approval, execution, O&M (Operation & Maintenance) of water supply schemes.
• Central Government provides financial and technical assistance.

Maize

Union Minister for Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare highlighted maize’s significance at the India Maize Summit 2025.

Basic Facts

• Type: Kharif crop
• Uses: Food grain, fodder, and industrial raw material.
• Global Title: “Queen of Cereals” (due to the highest genetic yield potential among cereals).

Major Maize-growing States (India):

• Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Tamil Nadu, Telangana

Major Maize-producing Countries (World):

• North America (USA, Canada), Brazil, China, Russia, Mexico

Jaa Mata Exercise

The Japanese Coast Guard ship Itsukushima arrived in Chennai to participate in Exercise Jaa Mata with the Indian Coast Guard.

About Jaa Mata

1. Meaning:

• “Jaa Mata” means “See you later” in Japanese.

2. Type:

• Bilateral joint sea exercise between the India Coast Guard and the Japan Coast Guard.

3. Aim:

• Enhance operational capabilities
• Refine maritime combat skills
• Strengthen interoperability for effective joint operations such as: Search and rescue, Anti-piracy, Pollution response, Maritime law enforcement

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