27 August 2025 Current Affairs (With PDF)

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Tribal Ministry Proposes Separate Census for Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) 

Why in News?

The Ministry of Tribal Affairs has recommended that the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India (RGI) conduct a separate enumeration of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) during the upcoming 2027 Census, ensuring accurate demographic data for targeted policy-making. 

Need for a Separate Census for PVTGs

1. Underrepresentation in Past Data 

• Many PVTGs were not distinctly enumerated in the 2011 Census. 
• Around 40 of the 75 groups were listed under Scheduled Tribes (STs), while the rest—often sub-sections of larger ST communities—remained uncounted. 

2. Policy Relevance 

• Essential for designing targeted welfare schemes, such as the PM-JANMAN programme, which focuses on bridging socio-economic gaps of PVTGs in 200+ districts. 

About PVTGs

1. Definition & Status 

(a) PVTGs represent the most marginalised and vulnerable tribal communities in India. 

(b) First formally recognised by the Dhebar Commission (1960s). 

2. Demographics 

(a) 75 identified groups across 18 States and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. 

(b) Estimated population (recent survey): 45.56 lakh. 

(c) States with largest populations: 

• Madhya Pradesh – 12.28 lakh 
• Maharashtra – 6.2 lakh 
• Andhra Pradesh – 4.9 lakh 

3. Criteria for Identification 

(a) Pre-agricultural level of technology 

(b) Low literacy rates 

(c) Economic backwardness 

(d) Declining or stagnant population 

Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India (RGI)

1. Establishment:

• 1949, under the Union Ministry of Home Affairs. 

2. Key Functions: 

• Housing & Population Census: Conducted under the Census Act, 1948. 
• Civil Registration System (CRS): Maintains records under the Registration of Births & Deaths Act, 1969. 
• Sample Registration System (SRS): Provides vital statistics such as birth, death, infant and maternal mortality rates. 
• National Population Register (NPR): Maintained under Citizenship Rules, 2003. 
• Mother Tongue Survey: Documents linguistic diversity of Indian communities. 

Commercial & Prohibited Speeches Not Protected Under Fundamental Rights: Supreme Court 

Why in News?

The Supreme Court, while hearing a case against social media comedians accused of making derogatory jokes about persons with disabilities, clarified that freedom of speech under Article 19(1)(a) does not extend to commercial or prohibited speech. 

Key Judicial Observations

1. Commercial & Prohibited Speech Outside Protection 

Article 19(1)(a) does not safeguard commercial speech (economic/advertising-driven content) or prohibited speech (inciting hatred, enmity, or violence). 

2. Hate / Prohibited Speech 

Includes expressions that encourage hostility or violence against groups based on identity factors such as religion, caste, race, or ethnicity. 

3. Commercial Speech 

Refers to advertisements and speech with explicit economic intent. 

4. Influencer Accountability 

Social media influencers with a large audience must act responsibly and avoid misuse of their reach. 

5. Punitive Measures 

Court suggested proportionate penalties under the IT Rules and Cinematograph Act. 

6. Regulatory Framework 

Directed the government to frame comprehensive guidelines for online content regulation. 

Important SC Judgements on Free Speech

1. Amish Devgan v. Union of India (2020) 

• Differentiated free speech from hate/prohibited speech. 
• Stressed on influencers’ responsibility in public communication. 

2. Shreya Singhal v. Union of India (2015) 

• Struck down vague restrictions on online speech. 
• Held that restrictions must be linked to imminent harm. 

Legal Framework for Online Content Regulation in India

1. Information Technology Act, 2000 

Section 69A empowers the government to block online content in specific cases. 

2. Cinematograph Act, 1952 

Prohibits content that maligns or defames a person or community. 

Gram Sabhas Empowered to Frame Community Forest Resource (CFR) Management Plans 

Why in News

The Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) has clarified that Gram Sabhas, through their CFR Management Committees, hold the exclusive authority to design Community Forest Resource Management Plans (CFRMPs) under the Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006. This comes after a recent order by the Chhattisgarh forest department attempted to make itself the nodal agency for CFR rights implementation, contradicting FRA provisions. 

Key Highlights

Forest Rights Act, 2006 

• Enacted to address historical injustices faced by forest-dwelling Scheduled Tribes and other traditional forest dwellers. 
• Seeks to secure livelihoods, food security, and land tenure of forest-dependent communities. 

Community Forest Resource (CFR) Management Plans

1. Community-Centric Approach:

Gram Sabhas retain sole authority to prepare CFRMPs, ensuring autonomy. 

2. Inclusive Decision-Making:

Plans must engage women, tribal youth, and marginalized groups in governance and economic activities. 

3. Context-Specific Planning:

Each CFRMP should reflect local ecology, culture, and socio-economic conditions. 

4. Vision of Environmental Justice:

Empowers Gram Sabhas as stewards of sustainable forest management and resilient livelihoods. 

Government Support Mechanism

In 2023, the Union government launched the Dharti Aba Janjatiya Gram Utkarsh Abhiyaan, 

• Aimed at strengthening Gram Sabha capacity. 
• Allows State governments to empanel NGOs for technical and facilitative support in CFR plan preparation. 

India–World Food Programme (WFP) Collaboration 

Why in News?

The Government of India and the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) have announced a partnership to tackle the global hunger crisis and strengthen food security measures. 

About the World Food Programme (WFP)

1. Nature:

• World’s largest humanitarian organization focused on food security and nutrition. 

2. Mandate: 

• Provides emergency food aid during conflicts, natural disasters, and humanitarian crises. 
• Uses food assistance as a tool to promote peace, stability, and resilience. 
• Supports long-term development through nutrition programmes, school meals, and capacity building. 

3. Global Reach:

• Active in 120+ countries, including India. 

4. Recognition:

• Awarded the 2020 Nobel Peace Prize for its efforts in combating hunger and fostering peace. 

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