30 August 2025 Current Affairs (With PDF)

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Uttarakhand Grants Approval for Netala Bypass Project in Bhagirathi

Why in News

The Uttarakhand government has given in-principle approval for the Netala Bypass Project in the Bhagirathi Eco-Sensitive Zone (ESZ), despite earlier rejections by the Supreme Court’s High-Powered Committee (HPC) due to ecological and social concerns.

Concerns Regarding the Project

1. Environmental Risks:

• Bhagirathi ESZ is a fragile ecosystem prone to slope instability and soil subsidence.
• The Dharali flash flood revealed a segment of the proposed alignment had already collapsed.

2. Strategic Classification:

• The Ministry of Defence considers the project strategically important, highlighting a potential conflict between national security objectives and environmental protection mandates.

3. Socio-Ecological Impacts:

• Potential loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, and disruption of local communities.

Development vs. Environment Debate

1. Arguments for Developmental Priority:

• Infrastructure projects drive economic growth and reduce poverty and hunger.
• Population pressures necessitate greater resource utilization.
• Without addressing human needs, environmental protection alone may lack practical relevance.

2. Arguments for Environmental Priority:

• Development loses meaning if the ecosystem sustaining life is irreversibly damaged.
• Cumulative impact of multiple small projects can cause major ecological degradation.

3. Drivers of Environmental Degradation:

• Economic growth imperatives and industrial expansion.
• Large-scale projects including SEZs and urbanization.
• Policy loopholes allowing fast-tracking of projects by bypassing Environmental Impact Assessments.

UNGA Launches Initiatives for Global AI Governance

Why in News

The UN General Assembly (UNGA) announced the establishment of two new mechanisms to strengthen international cooperation on AI governance, reinforcing non-military, ethical, and sustainable AI use globally.

New Mechanisms Introduced

1. Independent International Scientific Panel on AI

• Objective: Promote scientific understanding of AI.
• Function: Issue evidence-based assessments synthesizing and analyzing research on AI opportunities, risks, and impacts.

2. Global Dialogue on AI Governance

• Objective: Provide a platform for international cooperation on AI governance.
• Function: Facilitate open, transparent, and inclusive discussions, sharing best practices and lessons learned.

Other UN Mechanisms Supporting AI Governance

UDISE+ 2024–25 Report Released by Ministry of Education

Why in News

The Unified District Information System for Education Plus (UDISE+) 2024–25 report was released, reflecting student-wise data collection and aligning with NEP 2020 recommendations.

Key Findings (2024–25)

1. Teacher Statistics

(a) Total number of teachers crossed 1 crore, a 6% rise from 2022–23.

(b) Pupil-Teacher Ratios (PTRs) at different levels:

• Foundational: 10
• Preparatory: 13
• Middle: 17
• Secondary: 21

PTRs surpass NEP 2020 recommended ratio of 1:30, indicating improvement in teacher availability.

2. Enrollment & Dropout Rates

(a) Dropout Rates:

• Preparatory: 2.3%
• Middle: 3.5%
• Secondary: 8.2%

(b) Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER):

• Middle Level: 90.3%
• Secondary Level: 68.5%

(c) Zero Enrollment Schools: Decreased by 6%.

(d) Single-Teacher Schools: Decreased by 38%, reflecting better teacher distribution.

Significance

• Student-Centric Approach: Shift to individual student-wise data ensures better tracking and monitoring.
• Progress Towards NEP Goals: Improved PTR, enrollment, and reduced single-teacher schools demonstrate alignment with NEP 2020 objectives.
• Quality Education & Equity: Data indicates improved access, reduced dropout, and enhanced equity in schooling across levels.

Road Accidents in India 2023: Key Findings Released by MoRTH

Why in News

The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) released the annual report on road accidents in India for 2023, highlighting the current state of road safety, fatalities, and preventive measures.

Key Statistics (2023)

1. Total Accidents & Fatalities:

• 480,583 road accidents, a 4.2% increase compared to 2022.

2. Age Group Most Affected:

• Young adults (18–45 years) accounted for 66.4% of victims.

3. State-wise Highlights:

• Highest Accidents: Tamil Nadu, followed by Madhya Pradesh.
• Highest Fatalities: Uttar Pradesh, followed by Tamil Nadu.

4. Accident-Prone Highways:

• Highways constitute ~5% of total road network but accounted for >53% of accidents and 59% of fatalities.

5. Road User Categories:

• Two-wheeler riders: 45% of deaths
• Pedestrians: second highest category

Major Causes of Road Accidents

• Human Error: Traffic violations, driving without a license, non-use of helmets/seatbelts.
• Road Environment: Accidents related to geography (residential areas), road features, or weather conditions.
• Vehicular Conditions: Overloading, old or poorly maintained vehicles.

Mitigation Measures by MoRTH

1. Education Measures

• Road Safety Advocacy Scheme
• Observance of National Road Safety Month/Week for awareness campaigns

2. Engineering Measures

• Road Safety Audits
• Identification of Accident-Prone Spots on National Highways
• Vehicle safety features: Airbags, child safety devices

3. Enforcement Measures

• Penalties under Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Act, 2019
• Electronic monitoring of traffic violations

4. Emergency Care Measures

• Protection for Good Samaritans
• Victim compensation schemes
• Ambulance and emergency medical provisions

Cotton in India

Why in News

The Government has extended the import duty exemption on cotton until 31st December 2025 to address the persistent demand–supply gap in the domestic market.

About Cotton

1. Also called “White Gold” due to its economic importance.

2. Type: Natural fiber; semi-xerophyte tropical crop.

3. Season: Kharif (rainy season).

4. Climatic Requirements:

• High temperature and bright sunshine
• Light rainfall
• ~210 frost-free days
• Semi-tolerant to salinity; sensitive to waterlogging

Soil & Regional Adaptation

• North India: Well-drained deep alluvial soils
• Central India: Black clayey soils
• South India: Black-red soils

Production & Distribution

• India is the second-largest cotton producer globally after China.
• Unique Feature: India grows all four species of cotton.
• Major Producing States: Gujarat, Maharashtra, Telangana, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh.

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