10 December 2025 Current Affairs (With PDF)

Stay updated with 10 December 2025 Current Affairs on this page! We bring you the most relevant and important news updates from around the world and India, specially curated for competitive exams and different entrance exams. Today's Current Affairs cover all significant national and international headlines, legal updates, economic news, and environmental highlights to boost your preparation. With our crisp, to-the-point coverage, you can confidently tackle current affairs questions in your exams.

150 Years of Vande Mataram – Key Facts for UPSC

• Parliament has scheduled a special discussion to commemorate 150 years of the National Song Vande Mataram.
• This revived debate on the 1937 Congress Working Committee (CWC) decision restricting only the first two stanzas for national use.

About Vande Mataram

• Author: Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
• Written: 1875
• Published: In the 1882 Bengali novel Anandamath (magazine Bangadarshan).
• Structure: Six stanzas — First two in Sanskrit, Last four in Bengali
• Theme: Praise of Mother India via the image of Goddess Durga sung by warrior-monks in Anandamath.
• Trigger: Composed as a patriotic response to British promotion of God Save the King/Queen.

Musical Composition & Popularisation

• Early tune: By Jadunath Bhattacharya.
• Famous tune: By Rabindranath Tagore (based on Raga Desh Malhar).
• Debut: Tagore sang it at the 1896 INC Session in Calcutta.

Role in Freedom Movement

1. Partition of Bengal (1905)

• Became the rallying cry of the Swadeshi movement.
• First public use: 7 August 1905, Town Hall, Calcutta.
• Became the customary opening song at the Varanasi Congress Session (1905), sung by Sarala Devi Chaudhurani.

2. Symbol of Defiance

• British banned its public chanting; protesters were fined, jailed, or attacked.
• Freedom fighters used “Vande Mataram” as a call of resistance.
• Journals: Bande Mataram by Bipin Chandra Pal (1906), edited by Aurobindo, Urdu daily Bande Mataram by Lala Lajpat Rai (1920).
• Flag: In 1907, Bhikaji Cama unfurled an Indian flag in Stuttgart with “Vande Mataram” inscribed.

1937 Congress Working Committee (CWC) Decision

• Only first two stanzas to be used for national gatherings.
• CWC included Gandhi, Nehru, Patel, Bose; decision supported by Tagore.
• Reason: Remaining stanzas contained explicit Hindu imagery (Durga, Lakshmi) → concerns raised by minorities.

Post-Independence Status

• 24 January 1950: Dr. Rajendra Prasad declared Vande Mataram as National Song of India, to be honoured equally with the National Anthem.
• Legal status: Not enforceable under the Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971 (unlike the National Anthem).
• Parliamentary protocol: Sessions open with the National Anthem and close (sine die) with Vande Mataram.

Supreme Court Directs 30% Reservation for Women in State Bar Councils

Why in News?

The Supreme Court of India has directed that 30% of seats in State Bar Councils (SBCs) — where elections are yet to be notified — must be represented by women advocates.

For 2025:

• 20% seats: Filled through election of women members
• 10% seats: Filled by co-option (appointment by existing members)

About Bar Councils

• Legal Framework: Established under Advocates Act, 1961
• Structure: Bar Council of India (BCI): Sets professional standards, supervises State Bar Councils, State Bar Councils (SBCs): Admit advocates, safeguard rights, privileges, and professional interests
• Function: Regulatory and representative body for advocates in states

Status of Women in Legal Profession

Barriers to Women Representation

• Entry-Level Barriers: Continuous legal practice requirements clash with family responsibilities
• Retention Challenges: Rigid transfer policies and career progression hurdles
• Infrastructure Gaps: Lack of women’s washrooms, creche facilities, family-friendly rooms
• Cultural Norms: Patriarchal societal expectations restrict women’s participation

Significance

• Promotes gender equity in the legal profession
• Addresses underrepresentation of women advocates in regulatory bodies
• Strengthens democratic governance and inclusivity in State Bar Councils

India Invites Big Cat Range Nations to Join IBCA

Why in News?

India has called on all big cat range countries to join the International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) and invited them to the Global Big Cats Summit, to be hosted in New Delhi, 2026.

About International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA)

• Genesis: Launched in 2023 by India to conserve seven big cat species: tigers, lions, snow leopards, cheetahs, leopards, pumas, and jaguars
• Organizational Nature: Multi-country, multi-agency coalition including: 95 range countries, Non-range countries, Conservation partners, scientific organizations, businesses, corporates
• Secretariat: New Delhi, India
• Membership: 18 member countries, 3 observer countries; all UN members are eligible
• Governance: IBCA Assembly — apex decision-making body with representatives from each member country

Big Cats and India

• Behavior: Solitary species except lions, which live in prides
• Ecological Significance: Apex predators & keystone species, Prevent overgrazing, aid seed dispersal, forest regeneration, Maintain ecological balance, biodiversity, and carbon sink functionality, Flagship species: Protect other species sharing the habitat

Threats to Big Cats

• Habitat loss due to deforestation, urbanization, and land use change
• Human-wildlife conflict from shrinking habitats

Significance of IBCA

• Strengthens global cooperation for big cat conservation
• Enhances scientific research, policy coordination, and habitat protection
• Supports climate change mitigation through conservation of forests and carbon sinks
• Positions India as a global leader in wildlife conservation

Draft Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) Bill, 2025

Draft ISI Bill, 2025 has faced strong protests from academicians and students, citing concerns over autonomy and governance changes.

About Indian Statistical Institute (ISI)

Significance

• ISI is central to data-driven policymaking in India.
• Produces skilled statisticians and researchers influencing national economic planning, official surveys, and social science research.
• Any change in governance or autonomy under the 2025 Bill is being closely scrutinized by stakeholders due to potential impact on academic freedom.

Corporate Average Fuel Efficiency (CAFE) Norms – India

Overview

• Objective: Reduce fuel consumption, lower CO₂ emissions, curb air pollution, and reduce India’s oil import dependency.
• Legislative Basis: Notified under the Energy Conservation Act, 2001.
• First Notification: 2017 (CAFE I).

Phases of Implementation

Applicability

• Vehicle Types: Petrol, diesel, LPG, CNG, hybrid, and electric passenger vehicles.
• Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW): Applicable to vehicles <3,500 kg.

Significance

• Promotes sustainable transport and environmental protection.
• Encourages automakers to innovate in fuel-efficient technologies.
• Supports India’s commitment to carbon reduction targets under international climate agreements.

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