2 June 2026 Current Affairs (With PDF)

We bring you the most relevant and important news updates from around the world and India, specially curated for competitive exams and different entrance exams. Today's Current Affairs cover all significant national and international headlines, legal updates, economic news, and environmental highlights to boost your preparation. With our crisp, to-the-point coverage, you can confidently tackle current affairs questions in your exams.

National Family Health Survey-6 (NFHS-6): Latest Insights on India’s Health and Social Indicators

Why in News?

• The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) has released findings from the Sixth Round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-6) conducted during 2023–24, providing a comprehensive assessment of India’s demographic, health, nutrition, and socio-economic trends.

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About NFHS

• The National Family Health Survey (NFHS) is a nationwide, multi-round household survey that generates reliable data on Population dynamics, Public health outcomes, Nutritional status, Family welfare indicators
• It serves as a key evidence base for policy formulation, programme evaluation, and district-level planning.

1. Coverage and Scope

• Maternal and child health, Nutrition and biomarkers, Reproductive health, Family planning, Gender-related issues, Digital access and financial inclusion, Women's empowerment

2. Institutional Framework

• Fully funded and overseen by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
• Coordinated by the International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai, which acts as the nodal implementing agency.

3. Historical Background

• The first survey round, NFHS-1 (1992–93), established India's first standardized national database on demographic and family welfare indicators.

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NFHS-6: Survey Scale and Coverage

• Conducted during 2023–24.
• Covered approximately 6.79 lakh households.
• Surveyed populations across 715 districts nationwide.

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Major Findings of NFHS-6

1. Maternal Health and Care

(a) Improvement in Institutional Healthcare

• Institutional deliveries increased to 90.6%.
• Mothers completing at least four antenatal care (ANC) visits rose to 65.2%.

(b) Nutritional Support During Pregnancy

• 37.8% of pregnant women consumed Iron-Folic Acid (IFA) supplements for more than 180 days.

(c) Rise in Caesarean Deliveries

• Caesarean births accounted for 27.2% of total deliveries.
• Private healthcare institutions reported a notably high 54.1% caesarean delivery rate, indicating increased reliance on surgical childbirth.

2. Child Health and Immunisation

(a) Expanded Vaccination Coverage

• Full immunisation among children aged 12–23 months reached 87.1%.
• Coverage of the rotavirus vaccine increased substantially from 36.4% to 85.4%.

(b) Improvement in Nutritional Outcomes

• Childhood stunting declined to 29.3%.
• Severe acute wasting reduced to 5.2%.
• Underweight prevalence decreased marginally to 31.8%.

3. Child Nutrition Trends

(a) Breastfeeding Practices

• Breastfeeding among infants below six months increased to 95.6%.

(b) Areas of Concern

• Exclusive breastfeeding declined to 55.8%.
• Only 15.3% of children aged 6–23 months received a nutritionally adequate and diverse diet, highlighting persistent challenges in complementary feeding practices.

4. Family Planning and Gender Indicators

(a) Decline in Child Marriage

• Women aged 20–24 years who were married before 18 years of age decreased to 20.1%.

(b) Increased Contraceptive Use

• The Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR) improved to 69.1%, indicating wider adoption of family planning measures.

(c) Reduction in Domestic Violence

• Incidents of physical or sexual violence reported by married women declined to 22.3%.

5. Women’s Empowerment and Digital Inclusion

(a) Expanding Digital Access

• Women who have used the internet increased to 64.3%, nearly doubling compared to earlier rounds.
• Personal mobile phone ownership among women rose to 63.6%.

(b) Financial Inclusion Gains

• Women independently operating personal bank accounts reached 89.0%, reflecting deeper financial empowerment.

(c) Menstrual Hygiene Improvements

• Use of hygienic menstrual protection methods among women aged 15–24 increased to 79.2%.

6. Health and Lifestyle Indicators

(a) Growing Health Insurance Coverage

• 60.2% of households reported coverage under a health insurance scheme.

(b) Rising Obesity Burden

• Female obesity increased to 30.7% nationally: Urban female obesity reached 42.8%, indicating a growing lifestyle-related health challenge.

(c) Tobacco Consumption

• Tobacco use among men declined to 36.3%, reflecting gradual behavioural improvements.

(d) Hypertension Prevalence

• Hypertension affected: 22.1% of men and 19.4% of women

 

Taiwan Surpasses India to Become the World’s 5th Largest Equity Market

Why in News?

• Taiwan has overtaken India in terms of total stock market capitalisation, emerging as the world’s fifth-largest equity market.
• The latest rankings place Taiwan behind only the United States, mainland China, Japan, and Hong Kong, while India has moved to the sixth position.

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Taiwan’s Rise: Key Growth Catalysts

1. Semiconductor-Led Market Expansion

• Taiwan’s stock market growth has been largely propelled by the remarkable performance of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC).
• As the world's leading contract semiconductor manufacturer, TSMC occupies a pivotal position in global technology supply chains.

2. Artificial Intelligence Boom

• Rapid advancements in Artificial Intelligence, Data centres, High-performance computing, Advanced chip technologies
• These developments have sharply increased worldwide demand for semiconductors, significantly boosting the valuation of Taiwan’s technology sector.

3. Strong Technology Ecosystem

• Taiwan’s deep integration into the global semiconductor value chain has enabled it to benefit directly from rising investments in next-generation digital technologies.

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Factors Behind India’s Relative Decline

1. Reallocation of Global Capital

• International investors increasingly redirected funds toward technology-intensive and semiconductor-focused markets, particularly Taiwan.

2. Geopolitical Uncertainties

• Ongoing geopolitical tensions, including developments involving the United States and Iran, contributed to risk aversion among investors in emerging economies.

3. Foreign Portfolio Investor (FPI) Outflows

• Significant withdrawals by foreign investors exerted downward pressure on India's market capitalisation.
• Net equity sales by foreign portfolio investors reduced liquidity and weakened market sentiment.

4. Currency Depreciation

• The weakening of the Indian rupee affected the attractiveness of Indian assets for global investors and lowered returns in dollar terms.

5. Rising Input and Energy Costs

• Elevated energy prices contributed to inflationary pressures and increased operating costs across several sectors.

6. Slower Earnings Growth

• Moderation in corporate profit growth reduced investor enthusiasm and constrained market expansion.

7. Limited Exposure to the AI-Semiconductor Value Chain

• Unlike Taiwan, India currently has relatively few globally dominant firms directly linked to Semiconductor manufacturing, AI hardware, Advanced chip design: High-end computing infrastructure

 

Aspect	Taiwan	India
Primary Growth Driver	Semiconductor industry	Broad-based economy
Flagship Sector	Advanced chip manufacturing	Services, banking, manufacturing
AI Boom Beneficiary	High	Moderate
Global Investor Preference	Strong	Relatively weaker during the period
Key Corporate Contributor	TSMC	Diverse sectoral contributors

 

Significance

1. For Taiwan

• Reinforces its strategic importance in the global semiconductor ecosystem.
• Highlights the growing influence of AI-driven technological transformation on financial markets.

2. For India

• Indicates the need to accelerate investments in Semiconductor manufacturing, Advanced electronics, Artificial Intelligence infrastructure, High-technology innovation ecosystems
• Underscores the importance of attracting stable foreign capital and strengthening domestic growth drivers.

 

Logistics Port Performance Index (LPPI) 2024–25 Launched to Strengthen Port Efficiency

Why in News?

• The Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways has introduced the Logistics Port Performance Index (LPPI) 2024–25, a national framework aimed at measuring and enhancing the operational performance of Indian ports.

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About the Logistics Port Performance Index (LPPI)

1. What is LPPI?

• LPPI is a comprehensive benchmarking mechanism developed under the Sagar Aankalan framework.
• It provides a standardized system for evaluating port performance and identifying areas requiring operational improvement.

2. Objectives

• Enhance efficiency and productivity at ports.
• Improve transparency in port operations.
• Promote ease of doing business in the maritime sector.
• Strengthen the global competitiveness of Indian ports.
• Encourage data-driven performance monitoring and policy interventions.

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Key Assessment Parameters

1. Operational Performance Indicators

• Cargo handling performance, Vessel turnaround time, Berth idle time, Pre-berthing waiting time, Container dwell time, Ship berth-day output.

2. Cargo-Based Evaluation

• Dry Bulk Cargo: Includes commodities such as coal, iron ore, fertilizers, and food grains.
• Liquid Bulk Cargo: Covers petroleum products, crude oil, chemicals, and liquefied cargo.
• Container Cargo: Measures performance related to containerized trade and logistics operations.

 

Top Performing Ports in LPPI 2024–25
Cargo Segment	Leading Port
Dry Bulk Cargo	Paradip Port Authority
Liquid Bulk Cargo	Sikka Port and Terminals
Container Cargo	Mundra Port

Significance of LPPI

1. Operational Excellence

• Encourages ports to adopt best practices and improve service quality.

2. Improved Trade Facilitation

• Reduces delays and logistics costs, thereby supporting India's trade competitiveness.

3. Data-Driven Governance

• Provides measurable benchmarks for monitoring efficiency and guiding policy decisions.

4. Maritime Sector Competitiveness

• Supports India's ambition to become a leading maritime and logistics hub under initiatives such as Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047.

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Key Digital Initiatives

1. e-Navik Grievance Module

• Purpose: Provides a round-the-clock digital grievance redressal mechanism for seafarers.
• Benefits: Faster resolution of complaints, Improved welfare and support services, Greater transparency in grievance management.

2. e-Samudra Ship Registration Module

• Purpose: Digitizes and streamlines the vessel registration process.
• Benefits: Reduced paperwork, Faster approvals and service delivery, Improved ease of doing business for ship owners and operators.

3. Medical Practitioner Module

• Purpose: Maintains a digital registry of authorized medical practitioners responsible for certifying seafarers.
• Benefits: Strengthens oversight of medical certification, Enhances compliance with maritime health standards, Improves transparency and accountability.

4. Ship Recycling Credit Module

• Purpose: Facilitates the issuance of credit notes linked to ship recycling activities.
• Benefits: Encourages environmentally responsible ship recycling, Supports the growth of the domestic shipbuilding industry, Promotes circular economy practices within the maritime sector.

 

NITI Aayog Unveils 10-Year Semiconductor Roadmap to Build a Self-Reliant Chip Ecosystem

Why in News?

• NITI Aayog has released “The Future of India’s Semiconductor Industry”, a long-term strategic roadmap aimed at establishing a robust domestic semiconductor ecosystem and creating a USD 120–150 billion semiconductor value chain by 2035.
• The roadmap complements and strengthens the objectives of India Semiconductor Mission 2.0.

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Vision and Objectives

1. Long-Term Goal

• Transform India into a major global semiconductor hub by developing capabilities across the entire semiconductor value chain, from research and design to manufacturing and packaging.

2. Key Targets

• Capture 10–13% of the global semiconductor market.
• Increase domestic chip self-sufficiency to 15–25% by 2030 and 35–50% by 2035.
• Build a globally competitive semiconductor ecosystem that supports economic growth, technological advancement, and national security.

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Five Strategic Pillars of the Roadmap

1. Pioneering Innovation and Research

(a) Strengthening Indigenous R&D

• Establish a National Frontier Semiconductor Research Programme to drive cutting-edge semiconductor innovation.
• Develop more than 100 advanced semiconductor design Intellectual Properties (IPs) by 2035.
• Create a National Design Hub to support semiconductor design, prototyping, and innovation.

(b) Expected Outcomes

• Reduced dependence on imported technologies.
• Enhanced domestic research and patent generation.
• Stronger position in global semiconductor innovation.

2. Policy and Investment Reforms

(a) Institutional Strengthening

• Create an autonomous National Semiconductor Nodal Agency to coordinate policy implementation and ecosystem development.

(b) Strategic Procurement

• Promote domestic semiconductor demand through mandatory procurement preferences in critical sectors such as Defence, Telecommunications, Smart grids, Railways, Strategic infrastructure

(c) Expected Outcomes

• Greater investor confidence.
• Stable domestic demand for locally manufactured chips.
• Improved policy coordination.

3. Expanding Domestic Production Capacity

(a) Focus Areas of Comparative Advantage

• The roadmap prioritises segments where India can rapidly build competitiveness:

(b) Advanced Packaging

• Semiconductor assembly, testing, marking, and packaging (ATMP) operations.

(c) Mature-Node Fabrication

• Manufacturing chips used in automobiles, consumer electronics, industrial equipment, and telecommunications.

(d) Compound Semiconductors

• Materials such as gallium nitride (GaN) and silicon carbide (SiC) used in Electric vehicles, Renewable energy systems, Defence electronics, High-frequency communications

(e) Expected Outcomes

• Stronger manufacturing ecosystem.
• Reduced import dependence.
• Increased value addition within India.

4. Developing Human Capital

(a) Building a Skilled Workforce

• Establish specialised institutions such as the National Fab Academy.
• Create training programmes covering the entire semiconductor value chain: Chip design, Fabrication Packaging, Testing, Equipment maintenance, Materials science

(b) Expected Outcomes

• Availability of industry-ready talent.
• Enhanced innovation and productivity.
• Long-term ecosystem sustainability.

5. Global Partnerships and Supply Chain Integration

(a) Strategic International Cooperation

• Strengthen partnerships with major semiconductor economies: United States, Japan, South Korea, European Union

(b) Areas of Collaboration

• Access to advanced technologies.
• Securing critical minerals and raw materials.
• Research and development partnerships.
• Supply-chain resilience initiatives.

(c) Expected Outcomes

• Better integration into global semiconductor networks.
• Reduced supply-chain vulnerabilities.
• Enhanced technological collaboration.

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Strategic Imperatives Behind the Roadmap

(a) Heavy Reliance on Imports

• India currently imports approximately 95% of its semiconductor requirements.
• This dependence exposes critical sectors to disruptions arising from geopolitical tensions and global supply-chain shocks.
• Vulnerable Sectors: Defence manufacturing, Telecommunications infrastructure, Consumer electronics, Automotive industry, Artificial Intelligence applications.

(b) Rising Foreign Exchange Burden

• Growing Demand for Chips: India's semiconductor demand is projected to reach nearly USD 200 billion by 2035.
• Potential Economic Impact: Without substantial domestic manufacturing capacity, annual semiconductor imports could rise to approximately USD 240 billion, increasing pressure on foreign exchange reserves and trade balances.

 

SkyCast: India’s First Integrated Aviation Weather Monitoring and Forecasting System

Why in News?

• SkyCast, India’s first integrated aviation weather monitoring and forecasting system, was inaugurated at Indira Gandhi International Airport under the Mission Mausam programme.
• The system aims to enhance aviation safety and operational efficiency through real-time weather intelligence.

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What is SkyCast?

• SkyCast is an advanced aviation weather monitoring and forecasting platform designed to provide continuous, real-time meteorological information for airport operations.
• It integrates multiple state-of-the-art atmospheric observation technologies into a single forecasting framework.

Objective

• Improve the safety of aircraft take-offs and landings.
• Minimise disruptions caused by adverse weather conditions.
• Reduce flight delays, diversions, and cancellations arising from Dense fog, Low visibility, Turbulence, Wind-related hazards

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Key Features of SkyCast

1. Real-Time Weather Intelligence

• Provides continuous monitoring and forecasting of critical aviation weather parameters.
• Supports timely decision-making by pilots, air traffic controllers, and airport authorities.

2. Comprehensive Atmospheric Monitoring

• Wind patterns and wind shear, Fog formation and density, Atmospheric turbulence, Visibility conditions, Aerosol concentration, Temperature and humidity profiles, Other atmospheric variables up to an altitude of approximately 3 kilometres

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Advanced Technologies Integrated into SkyCast

1. Radar Wind Profiler

• Measures wind speed and direction at different atmospheric levels.
• Helps detect wind shear and turbulence affecting aircraft operations.

2. Ground-Based Fog Aerosol Spectrometer (GFAS)

• Analyses aerosol particles that influence fog formation and visibility.

3. Lidar Ceilometer

• Uses laser technology to determine cloud base height and vertical visibility.

4. SODAR (Sonic Detection and Ranging)

• Employs sound waves to monitor lower-atmospheric wind conditions and turbulence.

5. Microwave Radiometer

• Provides continuous measurements of atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles.

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Scientific Foundation

1. Winter Fog Experiment (WiFEX)

• SkyCast has been developed using scientific insights generated through the Winter Fog Experiment.

2. Participating Institutions

• Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM)
• India Meteorological Department

3. Importance of WiFEX

• The programme was specifically designed to study winter fog dynamics over northern India.
• Findings contributed to improving fog forecasting accuracy and aviation weather services.

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Significance of SkyCast

1. Enhanced Aviation Safety

• Enables better anticipation of hazardous weather conditions.
• Reduces weather-related operational risks for aircraft.

2. Improved Airport Efficiency

• Supports smoother air traffic management.
• Minimises congestion and operational disruptions during adverse weather events.

3. Better Passenger Experience

• Fewer delays and cancellations improve travel reliability and convenience.

4. Technological Advancement

• Strengthens India's meteorological and aviation infrastructure through the integration of advanced weather-monitoring technologies.

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Global Significance

1. International Milestone

• With the deployment of SkyCast, India has become the 19th country in the world to establish an integrated aviation weather monitoring and forecasting system.

2. Strategic Importance

• Enhances India's standing in the global aviation sector.
• Supports the country's ambition to develop world-class airport infrastructure and air navigation services.

 

Sanchi Stupa: India Sends Sacred Buddhist Relics to Mongolia

Why in News?

• Ministry of Culture recently facilitated the transfer of the sacred relics of Arahant Sariputta and Arahant Mahamoggallana, the foremost disciples of Lord Buddha, from Sanchi Stupa in Madhya Pradesh to Mongolia for a special cultural and religious exposition.

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About Sanchi Stupa

• Located in the Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh, Sanchi is among the most significant Buddhist heritage sites in the world.
• It was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1989 owing to its outstanding historical, architectural, and religious value.

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Architectural Features

Great Stupa Structure

• The monument is centered around a massive hemispherical dome (Anda), representing the universe and the path to spiritual enlightenment.
• Atop the dome stands the Harmika, a square railing symbolizing the heavenly realm.
• Above the Harmika rises the Chhatri (umbrella-like structure), signifying honour, protection, and the spiritual status of the Buddha.

Decorative Gateways

• Four intricately carved Toranas (stone gateways) adorn the stupa.
• These gateways depict episodes from the Jataka Tales: Important events associated with the life of the Buddha.
• The artwork follows the aniconic tradition, portraying the Buddha through symbolic representations such as Bodhi Tree, Lotus, Dharma Chakra (Wheel of Law), Empty throne and other sacred motifs

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Historical Evolution

1. Mauryan Period

• The original Great Stupa was commissioned by Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE.
• It was initially constructed as a brick structure enshrining relics associated with the Buddha.

2. Shunga Period

• The Shunga rulers expanded the monument significantly.
• The original brick core was encased in sandstone, and the stupa's dimensions were substantially enlarged.

3. Satavahana Contribution

• The Satavahana rulers enriched the site by adding the four monumental stone Toranas.
• These additions enhanced both the artistic and narrative significance of the monument.

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Rediscovery and Conservation

1. Rediscovery

• The site came to wider attention after its rediscovery by General Taylor in 1818.

2. Restoration Efforts

• Extensive conservation and restoration work was later undertaken under the leadership of Sir John Marshall, helping preserve the monument for future generations.

 

South Coast Railway (SCoR) Becomes India’s 18th Operational Railway Zone

Why in News?

• South Coast Railway (SCoR) has become fully operational as 18th railway zone of Indian Railways, with its headquarters located at Visakhapatnam.
• The development marks a significant step in strengthening rail infrastructure and logistics connectivity in southern India.

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About South Coast Railway (SCoR)

• The zone was established in accordance with the provisions of the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014.
• It was created through the reorganisation of existing railway jurisdictions under South Central Railway and East Coast Railway.
• The headquarters of the new railway zone is situated in Visakhapatnam, one of India's major port and industrial cities.
• The South Coast Railway zone will cater to rail operations and connectivity across parts of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Telangana, Tamil Nadu.

 

One-Liners

World No Tobacco Day 2026

• World No Tobacco Day was observed globally on 31 May 2026 under the leadership of the World Health Organization.
• Theme for 2026: “Unmasking the Appeal – Countering Nicotine and Tobacco Addiction”
• Observed annually since 1988.

 

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