24 April 2026 Current Affairs (With PDF)

We bring you the most relevant and important news updates from around the world and India, specially curated for competitive exams and different entrance exams. Today's Current Affairs cover all significant national and international headlines, legal updates, economic news, and environmental highlights to boost your preparation. With our crisp, to-the-point coverage, you can confidently tackle current affairs questions in your exams.

Dimensions of Uranium Enrichment 

Context 

• United States demanded Iran halt uranium enrichment in 2026 negotiations.  

About Uranium 

1. Basic Features 

• Naturally occurring radioactive metal  

• High density, silvery-white  

2. Isotopes 

• U-238: >99.2% (non-fissile)  

• U-235: ~0.7% (only naturally fissile isotope)  

• U-234: ~0.005% (trace)  

3. Applications 

• Nuclear fuel (power reactors), Nuclear weapons, Medical isotopes (diagnostics & cancer therapy)  

4. Military Uses 

• Armour-piercing projectiles, Tank armour, Aircraft counterweights  

Global Distribution 

1. Top Producers 

• Kazakhstan (largest), Canada, Namibia → Together ~75% global supply  

2. Reserves 

• Australia: ~28% (largest reserves)  

India 

• Rank: 13th in reserves and 9th in production  

• Contribution: <1% global supply  

State-wise 

• Andhra Pradesh (~50%), Jharkhand, Meghalaya  

Stages of Uranium Enrichment 

• Extraction: Ore → Yellowcake (U₃O₈)  
• Hydrofluorination: Forms Uranium tetrafluoride (UF₄)  
• Fluorination: Converts to Uranium hexafluoride (UF₆) (gas form)  
• Enrichment: Centrifuges increase U-235 concentration  
• Cascading: Thousands of centrifuges connected for gradual enrichment  
• Deconversion: UF₆ → Uranium dioxide (UO₂)  
• Sintering: Powder → Ceramic pellets  
• Zirconium Cladding: Pellets sealed in tubes → Fuel rods  

Levels of Uranium Enrichment 

1. Low-Enriched Uranium (LEU) 

• 0.7%–20% U-235  
• 3%–5% → Nuclear power plants  
• 5%–20% → Advanced reactors / SMRs  

2. Highly Enriched Uranium (HEU) 

• ≥20% U-235, Strictly monitored  

3. Weapons Grade 

• ~90% U-235, Enables nuclear weapons  

PROG Rules, 2026 (Online Gaming Regulation in India) 

Context 

• Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology notified the Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming (PROG) Rules, 2026.  
• Effective from: 1 May 2026  

Legal Framework 

1. Parent Law 

• Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Act, 2025  

2. Core Principle 

• Prohibits: Online money gaming (betting/wagering)  
• Permits: E-sports, Social/casual games  

Institutional Mechanism 

• Regulator: Online Gaming Authority of India (OGAI)  
• Type: Digital-first attached office under MeitY  
• Functions: Game classification, Enforcement, Dispute resolution  

Key Provisions of PROG Rules, 2026 

1. Determination Test 

• 90-day evaluation mechanism  
• Purpose: Distinguish Prohibited money games and Permissible e-sports/social games  

2. Ban on Money Gaming 

• Complete prohibition on Monetary stakes and Wagering platforms  
• Exception: Registered e-sports with pre-declared prize pools  

3. Certification System 

• Digital Certificate of Registration  
• Validity: Up to 10 years  

4. E-sports Regulation 

• Mandatory registration for E-sports titles and Governing bodies  
• Objective: Formal recognition of e-sports ecosystem  

5. Social Games 

• Automatically permitted  
• No registration required unless flagged for risks (addiction, harm, etc.)  

6. User Protection Measures 

• Mandatory Age verification, Parental controls, Fair-play mechanisms  

7. Financial Restrictions 

• Banks & payment gateways must block transactions linked to Prohibited platforms and Blacklisted entities  

8. Advertising Ban 

• Complete ban on Promotion, Sponsorship and Advertising of money gaming  

9. Grievance Redressal 

• Two-tier mechanism: First appeal: OGAI & Final appeal: Secretary, MeitY  

10. Penalties 

• Civil fine: Up to ₹1 crore  
• Criminal punishment: Up to 3 years imprisonment  

Significance 

1. Consumer Protection 

• Protects users from Gambling addiction and Financial exploitation  

2. Regulatory Clarity 

• Distinguishes Skill-based gaming and Gambling  

3. Formalisation of E-sports 

• Recognises e-sports as a legitimate sector  

4. Digital Governance 

• Strengthens regulation of Online platforms and Digital economy  

Challenges 

• Defining skill vs chance remains complex  
• Risk of over-regulation affecting gaming startups  
• Enforcement across offshore platforms  
• Potential legal challenges on Freedom of trade/business 

India’s Growth Story Beyond GDP Rankings 

Context 

• International Monetary Fund ranked India as the 6th-largest economy (nominal GDP).  
• Despite strong growth, rankings affected by statistical & external factors  

Limitations of Global GDP Rankings 

1. Nominal Distortion 

• Based on USD value of GDP  
• Affected by Exchange rate fluctuations  
• Does not reflect real economic strength  

2. GDP Revision Effects 

• Changes in Base year and Methodology can Alter past estimates and Change growth narratives without real change  

3. Data Quality Issues 

• Delays and inconsistencies in Data collection  
• Reduce Reliability of GDP estimates  

4. Comparability Problems 

• Different countries use Different statistical methods leads to Poor cross-country comparison  

Issues with GDP as a Measure of Development 

1. Ignores Income Distribution 

• High GDP ≠ equitable growth  
• Example: Top 1% holds ~22.6% of national income  

2. No Welfare Measurement 

• GDP does not capture Health, Education and Living standards  
• Human Development Index: India rank ~130  
• Multidimensional poverty: ~16% (NITI Aayog)  

3. Jobless Growth 

• GDP may rise without Employment generation leads to Growth without inclusivity  

4. Structural Imbalance 

• Agriculture: ~45% workforce and ~15% GDP contribution indicates Low productivity  

5. Informal Economy Blindspot 

• ~90% workforce in informal sector (International Labour Organization)  
• GDP may Underestimate real activity  

6. Regional Inequalities 

• GDP ignores Intra-country disparities  
• Example: Southern states contribute ~30% of GDP  

India’s Foodgrain Stocks Surge Above Buffer Norms 

Context 

• India’s foodgrain stocks reached ~602 LMT  
• Wheat: 222 LMT  
• Rice: 380 LMT  
• ~3× higher than buffer norms, ensuring strong food security  

What is Buffer Stock? 

1. Definition 

• Government-maintained reserve of Wheat and Rice  
• Purpose: Food security and Price stabilisation  

2. Origin 

• Introduced during Fourth Five-Year Plan (1969–74)  

3. Stock Norms 

• Fixed by Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs  
• Reviewed: Quarterly (April, July, October, January)  

4. Procurement Mechanism 

• Agencies: Food Corporation of India  
• Basis: Minimum Support Price (MSP)  

5. Distribution 

• Channels: Public Distribution System (PDS) and Open Market Operations (OMO)  

6. Purpose 

• Ensure Food security, Price stability, Crisis management (drought, shocks)  

India’s Agricultural Performance 

1. Record Production 

• Foodgrain: 357.73 MMT (2024–25)  
• Horticulture: 362.08 MMT  

2. Export Growth 

• Increased from $34.5 bn (FY20) → $51.1 bn (FY25)  
• Processed food share: 20.4%  

3. Public Investment 

• Increased from ₹21,933 crore (2013–14) → ₹1.30 lakh crore (2026–27)  

4. Global Rankings 

• 1st in: Pulses, millets, spices, coconut  
• 2nd in: Rice, wheat, fruits, vegetables, tea, sugarcane, cotton  

Government Initiatives

1. Farmer Income Support 

• PM-KISAN: ₹4.27 lakh crore disbursed  
• Crop Insurance: ₹1.90 lakh crore claims  

2. Production Enhancement 

• National Food Security and Nutrition Mission  
• Mission for Aatmanirbharta in Pulses  

3. Oilseed Promotion 

• National Mission on Edible Oils  

4. Credit Access 

• Kisan Credit Card  

Disabled-Friendly Prisons in India 

Context 

• Supreme Court of India directed formation of a high-powered committee to design disabled-friendly prisons.  
• Chaired by: Justice S. Ravindra Bhat  

Constitutional & Legal Basis 

1. Fundamental Rights 

• Article 14 → Equality before law  
• Article 21 → Right to life with dignity  

 Applies even to prisoners with disabilities 

2. Statutory Protection 

• Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016  
• Provides Equality, Non-discrimination and Accessibility rights  

Key Issues Faced by Disabled Prisoners 

1. Data Deficiency 

• No official data in India  
• Global estimates: ~16% population (WHO) and Up to 38% prisoners (US data)  

2. Human Rights Violations 

• Notable cases: G. N. Saibaba, Stan Swamy  
• Issues: Denial of assistive devices, Lack of medical care, Dignity violations  

3. Institutional Gaps 

• Reforms ignored disability: Model Prison Manual, Mulla Committee, Draft Prison Act, 2023  

4. Legal–Implementation Gap 

• Laws exist but Poor enforcement and Lack of accountability  

5. Infrastructure & Care Deficit 

• Absence of Ramps, Accessible toilets, Assistive devices and Mental health services  

Druzhba Oil Pipeline (‘Friendship Pipeline’) 

Context 

• Ukraine repaired the Druzhba pipeline and is ready to resume operations.  

Overview 

• One of the world’s longest crude oil pipeline networks  
• Built during the Soviet era to transport oil from Russia to Europe  

1. Route & Structure 

• Origin: Almetyevsk  
• Key junction: Mozyr  
• Division: Northern Branch → Germany & Southern Branch → via Ukraine to Central Europe  

2. Length 

• 5,500 km  

3. Capacity 

• 1.2–1.4 million barrels per day (bpd)  

4. Geographical Spread 

• Passes through Russia, Belarus, Ukraine extends to Germany, Hungary and Slovakia  

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