25 April 2026 Current Affairs (With PDF)

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Prime Minister Internship Scheme (PMIS)

Context

• Ministry of Corporate Affairs expanded eligibility under PM Internship Scheme (PMIS)

Recent Changes

1. Expanded Eligibility

• Now includes Final-year undergraduate students and Final-year postgraduate students

2. Age Criteria

• Revised: 18–25 years
• Earlier: 21–24 years

3. Income Ceiling

• Ineligible if Family income > ₹12 lakh Family member is a permanent government employee

4. Exclusions

• Not eligible: Graduates from IITs, IIMs, NLUs
• Professional degree holders: CA, MBBS, MBA, MPhil, PhD

About PMIS

1. Nature

• Flagship initiative of Ministry of Corporate Affairs

2. Launch

• Announced in Union Budget 2024–25

3. Target

• 1 crore internships
• Duration: 5 years
• Coverage: Top 500 companies

Key Features

1. Workplace Exposure

• Minimum: 50% internship in real workplace
• Focus: Practical industry experience

2. Financial Support

• Monthly stipend: ₹9,000 [₹8,100 (Government) & ₹900 (Company)]

3. Incidental Grant

• ₹6,000 one-time grant
• Mode: Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT)

4. Insurance Coverage

• Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (Life insurance)
• Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (Accident insurance)

Significance

1. Skill Development

• Bridges Academia–industry gap

2. Employability

• Enhances Job readiness and Practical skills

3. Inclusive Growth

• Targets: Non-elite institutions and Economically weaker sections

4. Industry Integration

• Encourages Corporate participation in skill development

SEBI Reduces Entry Barrier for Social Impact Funds (SIFs)

Context

• Securities and Exchange Board of India reduced minimum investment in Social Impact Funds (SIFs) to ₹1,000
• Aimed at boosting participation in the Social Stock Exchange

Key Regulatory Changes

1. Investment Threshold Reduction

• Reduced from ₹2 lakh → ₹1,000
• Cut by ~99.5%
• Objective: Encourage retail investor participation

2. Regulatory Alignment

• New limit aligned with Zero-Coupon Zero-Principal instruments

3. NPO Registration Flexibility

• Not-for-Profit Organisations can stay registered on SSE for 3 years (earlier 2 years)
• Without Mandatory fundraising

4. AIF Classification Reform

• SEBI can mark Alternative Investment Funds as “inoperative”
• Condition: After tenure completion & fund distribution

Social Stock Exchange (SSE)

• SEBI-regulated platform on stock exchanges
• Enables Fundraising for social enterprises & welfare projects
• Key Feature: Bridges Capital markets ↔ Social sector

Zero-Coupon Zero-Principal (ZCZP) Instruments

• Issued by: Registered NPOs
• Characteristics: No Interest payment and Principal repayment
• Purpose: Pure Philanthropic investment

Social Impact Funds (SIFs)

Definition

• Privately pooled investment vehicles
• Aim: Social/environmental impact + financial returns

Classification

• Sub-category of Category I AIFs
• Replaced Social Venture Funds (2022)

Investment Mandate

• Minimum 75% investment in Unlisted securities, Social enterprises, Partnership interests

Dual Returns

• Provide Financial returns and Social impact

Grant Feature

• Can Receive & provide grants
• Hybrid nature: Venture fund + Foundation

Social Audit

• Mandatory Annual independent audit
• Purpose: Verify impact claims

Corpus Requirement

• Minimum: ₹5 crore
• Lower than ₹20 crore (other AIFs)

National Panchayati Raj Day 2026

Context

• 17th National Panchayati Raj Day observed on April 24, 2026
• Organised by: Ministry of Panchayati Raj
• Venue: Vigyan Bhawan
• Theme (2026): “Sashakt Panchayat, Sarvangeen Vikas”

Significance of the Day

Historical Basis

• Commemorates Enforcement of 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act
• Year of implementation:1993
• Objective: Strengthen Grassroots democracy and Decentralised governance

Key Highlights (2026)

1. Panchayat Advancement Index (PAI) 2.0

• Purpose: Measure grassroots development and Track Panchayat performance

2. Knowledge Initiatives

• Release of Monographs on rural heritage of Tripura, Tirupati and Uttarkashi

3. National Panchayat Awards

• Recognises Best-performing Panchayats

4. Digital Governance Push

• Use of e-GramSwaraj
• Aim: Transparent monitoring and Data-driven governance

Panchayati Raj System in India

1. Constitutional Framework

• Introduced by: 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act
• Added Part IX (Articles 243–243O) and 11th Schedule

2. Three-Tier Structure (For states with population > 20 lakh)

• Gram Panchayat: Village level
• Panchayat Samiti: Block level
• Zila Parishad: District level

3. Representation & Inclusion

• Article 243D: Reservation for SCs & STs (proportional) and At least 33% for women

4. Devolution of Powers

• Article 243G: Empowers Panchayats to manage 29 subjects (11th Schedule)
• Article 243-I: Mandates State Finance Commission every 5 years

Significance

• Deepening Democracy: Brings governance Closer to people
• Inclusive Development: Ensures Participation of marginalised groups
• Localised Planning: Promotes Need-based development
• Digital Transformation: Enhances Transparency & accountability

Challenges

• Fiscal Dependency: Limited Financial autonomy
• Capacity Constraints: Lack of Training & administrative skills
• Incomplete Devolution: States often Retain control over key functions

India Placed in Highest Doping Risk Category

Context

• Athletics Integrity Unit upgraded Athletics Federation of India from Category B → Category A

AIU Anti-Doping Classification

1. Category A (Highest Risk)

• Assigned to Countries with very high doping violations

2. Implications

• Enhanced Monitoring: Strict surveillance of athletes
• Mandatory Testing: Extensive and regular Dope testing programmes
• Compliance Requirements: Adherence to International anti-doping standards
• Investigation Mechanisms: Strong Intelligence gathering and Enforcement systems

4. Purpose

• Ensure Integrity of athletics and Fair competition globally

About Athletics Integrity Unit (AIU)

1. Nature

• Independent body under World Athletics

2. Establishment

• Year: 2017
• Headquarters: Monaco

Functions

1. Anti-Doping Enforcement

• Detect, deter, and prevent Doping in athletics

2. Integrity Oversight

• Handles Non-doping violations and Ethical breaches

3. Compliance Monitoring

• Ensures National federations follow global rules

Significance for India

1. Reputational Impact

• Signals High doping risk perception globally

2. Regulatory Pressure

• Requires Stronger anti-doping ecosystem

3. Institutional Reform Need

• Improve Testing, Enforcement and Awareness

4. Alignment with Global Standards

• Pushes India to comply with International frameworks

AZEC Plus (Asia Zero Emission Community – Plus)

Context

• India’s External Affairs Minister participated in the AZEC Plus meeting on energy market disruptions

Asia Zero Emission Community (AZEC)

• Proposed by: Japan (2022)
• Launched: 2023
• Nature: Regional cooperation platform for Clean energy transition and Energy security
• Core Objective: Promote Decarbonisation and Sustainable energy systems in Asia
• Member Countries: Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Japan, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam

AZEC Plus Format

• Expanded format including additional partner countries beyond core AZEC
• Includes India + ASEAN partners and others
• Purpose: Broaden Regional cooperation and Energy resilience mechanisms

POWERR Asia Initiative

• Introduced at AZEC Plus Meeting (April 2026)
• Led by Japan
• Vision: Build Energy and resource resilience across Asia
• Financial Commitment: Japan pledged ~$10 billion

1. Core Focus Areas

• Energy Security: Reduce vulnerability to Supply shocks
• Supply Chain Stability: Strengthen Energy supply chains
• Resilience Building: Address Global disruptions and Geopolitical risks

2. Participants

• ASEAN countries
• Along with India, South Korea, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Timor-Leste

Significance for India

1. Energy Diversification

• Access to Clean energy partnerships

2. Strategic Engagement

• Strengthens Indo-Pacific cooperation

3. Climate Commitments

• Supports Net-zero & decarbonisation goals

4. Supply Chain Resilience

• Reduces dependence on Volatile energy sources

Ethanol Blending in Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF)

Context

• India approved ethanol blending in Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) amid global energy uncertainties

What is Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF)?

• Specialised fuel used in Aircraft turbine engines
• Derived from Crude oil (aviation-grade kerosene)

Key Features of the Policy

1. Indirect Blending Method

• Ethanol cannot be directly mixed with ATF
• Process: Ethanol → converted into synthetic hydrocarbons → blended fuel

2. Standards & Safety

• Must comply with: IS 1571 (ATF quality) and IS 17081 (synthetic blends)

3. Infrastructure Compatibility

• No major changes required in Aircraft engines and Fuel systems

Link with Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)

• Cleaner alternative to conventional jet fuel
• Derived from Biomass and Waste feedstock
• Role of Ethanol: Acts as feedstock for producing SAF

Significance

1. Energy Security

• Reduces dependence on Imported crude (~88%) shields economy from Price volatility

2. Decarbonisation

• Lowers Lifecycle carbon emissions and Supports Climate commitments

3. Green Aviation Transition

• Enables Sustainable aviation ecosystem

4. Economic Benefits

• Boosts Ethanol industry and Agricultural value chains

11th India–Egypt Joint Defence Committee (JDC) Meeting

Context

• The 11th JDC meeting held in Cairo between India and Egypt

Key Outcomes of the Meeting

1. Defence Cooperation Plan (2026–27)

• New roadmap agreed to Expand joint military exercises and Institutionalise defence cooperation

2. Co-Development & Co-Production

• Plan to establish Defence industry cooperation framework
• Focus: Joint manufacturing of defence equipment

3. Naval Cooperation

• First-ever Navy-to-Navy Staff Talks held
• Objective: Promote freedom of navigation in the Indian Ocean

India–Egypt Bilateral Relations

1. Strategic Partnership

• Elevated to Strategic Partnership (2023)

2. Trade Relations

• Trade volume: ~$5 billion (FY 2024–25)

3. Defence Cooperation

• Potential Defence Exports: LCA Tejas, Akash Missile System, Radar systems
• Joint Military Exercises: Exercise Cyclone (Army), Desert Warrior (Air Force)

4. Institutional Engagement

• Egypt established dedicated ‘India Unit’ in Cabinet

Prajna AI Satellite Imaging System

Context

• Ministry of Home Affairs inducted ‘Prajna’ for enhanced surveillance and intelligence

What is Prajna?

• AI-enabled satellite imaging system
• Provides Real-time surveillance and Decision support for security agencies
• Developed by: Defence Research and Development Organisation
• Through Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics

Purvanchal Expressway

Context

• Indian Air Force conducted a two-day emergency landing drill
• Location: Purvanchal Expressway

About Purvanchal Expressway

• Length: 341 km
• Type: Six-lane, access-controlled highway
• Connects: Lucknow → Ghazipur
• Connects Eastern UP to NCR via Agra-Lucknow Expressway and Yamuna Expressway

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