25 February 2026 Current Affairs (With PDF)

We bring you the most relevant and important news updates from around the world and India, specially curated for competitive exams and different entrance exams. Today's Current Affairs cover all significant national and international headlines, legal updates, economic news, and environmental highlights to boost your preparation. With our crisp, to-the-point coverage, you can confidently tackle current affairs questions in your exams.

India–France Amend Double Taxation Avoidance Convention (DTAC)

India and France signed a Protocol to amend the Double Taxation Avoidance Convention (DTAC) originally signed in 1992, to strengthen tax transparency and curb tax avoidance.

What is DTAC / DTAA?

• Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement (DTAA) is a treaty between two countries to prevent double taxation of the same income.
• DTAC is simply the formal/legal name used for some DTAAs.
• Applies to Individuals working abroad, Businesses operating in multiple countries, Investors earning foreign income
• Purpose: Prevent double taxation, Promote cross-border trade and investment, Provide clarity on taxation rights between countries

Key Amendments in India–France DTAC

1. Removal of Most-Favoured-Nation (MFN) Clause:

• Earlier meaning: If India gave better tax treatment to another country, France could automatically claim the same benefit.
• Now removed to Eliminate ambiguity in treaty interpretation, Prevent unintended extension of tax benefits, Strengthen India's sovereign tax policy control.

2. Incorporation of BEPS Multilateral Instrument (MLI) Provisions:

• Incorporates anti-tax avoidance provisions developed under the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development / G20 BEPS framework.
• Objective: Prevent profit shifting to tax havens and Ensure companies pay tax where economic activity occurs

What is BEPS (Base Erosion and Profit Shifting)?

• BEPS refers to tax avoidance strategies used by multinational companies to Shift profits to low-tax countries, Exploit loopholes in tax treaties, Reduce overall tax liability
• Example: A company earns profit in India but transfers profits to a tax haven with lower taxes.

BEPS Multilateral Instrument (MLI)

• An international treaty that allows countries to modify existing tax treaties without renegotiating each one individually
• Entered into force: 2018 & Effective implementation: 2019
• Objectives: Prevent tax treaty abuse, Improve tax transparency, Stop artificial profit shifting

What is Most-Favoured-Nation (MFN) Principle?

MFN is a core principle of the World Trade Organization.

1. Meaning:

• A country must treat all trading partners equally
• If favourable terms are given to one country, same must be extended to others

2. In tax treaties:

• Allowed automatic extension of favourable tax provisions
• Now removed in India–France DTAC amendment

Significance of the Amendment

• Prevents Tax Avoidance: Stops misuse of treaty loopholes by multinational corporations
• Enhances Tax Certainty: Clear taxation rules reduce disputes
• Protects India’s Tax Revenue: Prevents revenue loss due to profit shifting
• Strengthens India–France Economic Relations: Improves investor confidence and transparency

India Unveils First National Counter-Terrorism Policy – PRAHAAR

The Ministry of Home Affairs has unveiled PRAHAAR, India’s first comprehensive National Counter-Terrorism Policy and Strategy, based on a principle of zero tolerance towards terrorism.

What is PRAHAAR?

PRAHAAR is a national framework designed to prevent, respond to, investigate, and recover from terrorist threats using a coordinated, intelligence-driven, and legally accountable approach.

It integrates central, state, intelligence, law enforcement, and international cooperation mechanisms into one unified counter-terror architecture.

Key Pillars of the PRAHAAR Framework

1. Prevention of Terror Attacks:

• Intelligence-driven proactive approach
• Real-time intelligence sharing via Multi Agency Centre and Joint Task Force on Intelligence
• Early identification of threats and sleeper cells

2. Response Mechanism:

• Local police act as first responders
• Supported by: State Anti-Terror Squads, Central armed forces, National Security Guard as nodal counter-terror force
• Rapid response to neutralize threats and minimize damage

3. Investigation and Prosecution:

• Led by National Investigation Agency and state agencies
• Ensures Professional investigation, High conviction rates, Strong legal deterrence

4. Aggregating Capacities and Institutional Strengthening:

• Modernization of police and security agencies
• Standardization of anti-terror structures across states
• Training and capacity-building through Bureau of Police Research and Development

5. Human Rights and Rule of Law:

• Ensures counter-terror operations follow Constitutional safeguards and Fundamental rights protection
• Legal remedies available from district courts to Supreme Court of India

6. Counter-Radicalization and Prevention of Recruitment:

• Focus on vulnerable youth
• Community engagement involving NGOs, Community leaders, Religious leaders
• Prevent radicalization at early stages

7. International Cooperation:

• Strengthens cooperation through Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties and Extradition treaties
• Targets: Terror funding networks, Safe havens abroad, Transnational terrorist organizations

8. Recovery and Resilience:

• Whole-of-society approach involving Government agencies, Private sector, Civil society
• Focus on rapid recovery and restoring normalcy after attacks

Significance of PRAHAAR

• First Unified Counter-Terror Strategy: Provides integrated national framework
• Strengthens Intelligence Coordination: Real-time data sharing improves prevention
• Enhances Institutional Capacity: Modernizes law enforcement and security forces
• Addresses New-Age Terror Threats: Cyber terrorism, Radicalization, Crypto-funding
• Improves International Cooperation: Better global coordination against terrorism

National Monetisation Pipeline 2.0 Launched to Unlock ₹16.72 Lakh Crore from Public Assets

Union Finance Minister has launched National Monetisation Pipeline (NMP) 2.0, developed by NITI Aayog, to monetize public infrastructure assets over FY2026–FY2030 under the Asset Monetisation Plan 2025–30.

What is Asset Monetisation?

• Asset monetisation refers to unlocking value from existing public infrastructure by transferring revenue rights to private players for a defined period, while ownership remains with the government.
• Key objective: Generate revenue without increasing fiscal burden or selling public assets.

Key Highlights of NMP 2.0

1. Total Monetisation Potential:

• Estimated potential: ₹16.72 lakh crore
• Includes ₹10.92 lakh crore from public assets and ₹5.8 lakh crore from private sector investment
• Timeline: FY2026–FY2030 (5 years)

2. Major Sectors Covered (12 sectors):

• Highways (including ropeways, logistics parks): 26%
• Power sector: 17%
• Railways: 16%
• Ports: 16%
• Other sectors: Petroleum and natural gas, Civil aviation, Warehousing and storage, Urban infrastructure, Coal and mines, Telecom, Tourism

3. Purpose of NMP 2.0:

• Provides medium-term roadmap for monetisation
• Offers visibility to private investors
• Enables efficient utilization of public infrastructure
• Supports infrastructure expansion without increasing debt

4. Use of Monetisation Proceeds:

• Revenue generated will be allocated to Consolidated Fund of India (largest share), Private sector investments (PPP mode), Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs), Port authorities, State Consolidated Funds

5. Guiding Principles of NMP 2.0:

• Focus on Core Assets: Core infrastructure assets such as Highways, Railways, Power transmission. Ownership remains with the government.
• Monetisation of Non-Core Assets with Development Potential includes Land, Buildings, Real estate assets. Only when linked to infrastructure development.
• Public–Private Partnership (PPP) Models: Key model used Design-Build-Finance-Operate-Transfer (Private sector: Invests, Operates asset, Recovers investment through user charges).

Stages of Asset Monetisation

• Asset identification
• Asset valuation
• Structuring monetisation model
• Competitive bidding
• Contract award and implementation

Performance of NMP 1.0 (FY2022–FY2025)

• Monetisation target: ₹6 lakh crore
• Achievement: Around 90% of target
• Major sectors contributing: Highways, Railways, Power, Petroleum pipelines, Telecom

These sectors accounted for 72% of total monetisation value

India Witnesses Landmark Surge in Organ Donation and Transplantation

India has recorded a major rise in organ transplantation, with procedures increasing nearly fourfold—from fewer than 5,000 in 2013 to almost 20,000 in 2025, according to the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

Notably, about 18% of total transplants now involve deceased (cadaveric) donors, reflecting improving awareness and institutional efficiency.

Reasons Behind the Rising Success

1. Strengthened Institutional Framework:

• The National Organ and Tissue Transplant Organization (NOTTO) acts as the national coordination body.
• Enhanced capacity of Regional Organ and Tissue Transplant Organization (ROTTO) and State Organ and Tissue Transplant Organization (SOTTO)

This ensures efficient coordination, allocation, and registry management.

2. Promotion of Green Corridors:

• Special traffic-free routes created to transport harvested organs rapidly.
• Ensures Reduced transport time, Improved organ viability, Higher transplant success rates

3. Increased Public Awareness and Participation:

• Since September 17, 2023: Over 4.8 lakh citizens registered as organ donors
  • Aadhaar-based verification improved transparency and authenticity

This reflects growing societal acceptance of organ donation.

4. Improved Medical Infrastructure and Coordination:

• Better donor identification and organ retrieval systems
• Improved hospital networks and transplant facilities
• Enhanced coordination between Central government, State governments, Hospitals and transplant centres

Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act, 1994 (THOTA)

Provides legal basis for:

• Organ donation
• Organ removal and transplantation
• Preventing commercial exploitation

Regulatory Structure (Three-tier System)

1. National Level:

• NOTTO: Apex coordination and registry body

2. Regional Level:

• ROTTO: Regional coordination

3. State Level:

• SOTTO: State-level implementation and monitoring

National Organ Transplant Program (NOTP)

Objective:

• Improve access to organ transplantation
• Strengthen infrastructure
• Promote deceased organ donation

Personality in News: Chakravarti Rajagopalachari

The President of India unveiled a bust of Chakravarti Rajagopalachari (Rajaji) at Rashtrapati Bhavan, replacing the statue of Edwin Lutyens as part of efforts to remove colonial-era symbols.

Early Life

• Born: 10 December 1878
• Place: Thorapalli, Tamil Nadu
• Popular name: Rajaji
• Profession: Lawyer, freedom fighter, administrator, writer, and social reformer

Role in Freedom Struggle

Rajagopalachari played an active role in major national movements led by Mahatma Gandhi:

• Participated in protests against the Rowlatt Act (1919)
• Took part in the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–22)
• Participated in the Vaikom Satyagraha (1924–25) against caste discrimination
• Played a major role in the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930)
• Led the historic Vedaranyam Salt March (1930) in South India

Major Political and Constitutional Contributions

1. C.R. Formula (1944):

• Proposed a compromise formula to resolve the political deadlock between Indian National Congress and All-India Muslim League
• Attempted to prevent partition through negotiated settlement.

2. Role in Constitution Making:

• Member of the Constituent Assembly from Madras
• Contributed to shaping independent India's governance framework

Important Positions Held

1. Governor of West Bengal (1947–48):

• Played a crucial role in stabilizing administration during Partition violence

2. Governor-General of India (1948–1950):

• Became the only Indian and last Governor-General of India
• Succeeded Lord Mountbatten
• This office ended when India became a Republic in 1950

3. Founder of Swatantra Party (1959):

• Founded the Swatantra Party
• Advocated Free market economy, Limited government intervention, Opposition to excessive state control

Other Major Contributions

• Promoted education and social reform
• Opposed caste discrimination
• Renowned writer and translator of Indian epics like Ramayana and Mahabharata into English

Historical Significance

• Last Governor-General of India
• One of India's most respected statesmen
• Played key roles in freedom struggle, governance, and economic thought
• Strong advocate of ethical politics and good governance

Parliamentary Friendship Groups (PFGs)

The Speaker of the Lok Sabha has constituted Parliamentary Friendship Groups with more than 60 countries to strengthen India’s parliamentary diplomacy.

About Parliamentary Friendship Groups

Parliamentary Friendship Groups are formal groups of Members of Parliament formed to promote cooperation, dialogue, and mutual understanding between India’s Parliament and the legislatures of other countries.

Objectives

1. Strengthening Parliamentary Diplomacy:

• Complement traditional diplomacy conducted by the Ministry of External Affairs
• Provide a legislative-level channel of engagement between countries

2. Promoting Direct Legislator-to-Legislator Interaction:

• Enables Indian MPs to interact directly with foreign lawmakers
• Facilitates exchange of legislative practices, procedures, and governance models

3. Building Long-term Trust and Cooperation:

• Encourages sustained institutional relationships
• Promotes democratic values and mutual understanding

Areas of Cooperation

• Parliamentary Friendship Groups facilitate discussions on Trade and economic cooperation, Technology and innovation, Social and public policy, Cultural exchanges, Global challenges such as climate change, security, and development

Significance for India

• Strengthens Parliamentary Diplomacy: Enhances India’s global engagement beyond executive diplomacy
• Supports Foreign Policy Goals: Helps align parliamentary relations with India’s broader strategic and diplomatic objectives
• Promotes Exchange of Best Practices: Indian lawmakers learn from legislative innovations of other democracies
• Enhances India's Soft Power: Strengthens democratic partnerships and international goodwill

PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana

The Prime Minister has lauded the milestone of 30 lakh households adopting rooftop solar, marking major progress under the scheme.

About PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana (2024)

• PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana is a flagship rooftop solar scheme aimed at providing free electricity and promoting decentralized renewable energy.
• Nodal Ministry: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
• Nature: World’s largest domestic rooftop solar initiative
• Duration: Till FY 2026–27

Objective

• Install rooftop solar systems in 1 crore households
• Provide free electricity up to 300 units per month
• Reduce electricity bills and promote clean energy adoption

Financial Support (Subsidy)

• Subsidy of up to 40% of installation cost
• Based on Household electricity consumption and Suitable rooftop solar capacity

Key Features

1. Rooftop Solar Installation:

• Solar panels installed on residential rooftops
• Electricity generated for household consumption

2. Free Electricity Provision:

• Up to 300 units per month free
• Excess electricity can be exported to grid (net metering)

3. Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT):

• Subsidy credited directly to beneficiary accounts

4. Reduced Power Bills:

• Significant savings in household electricity expenditure

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