28 February 2026 Current Affairs (With PDF)

We bring you the most relevant and important news updates from around the world and India, specially curated for competitive exams and different entrance exams. Today's Current Affairs cover all significant national and international headlines, legal updates, economic news, and environmental highlights to boost your preparation. With our crisp, to-the-point coverage, you can confidently tackle current affairs questions in your exams.

India–Israel Ties Elevated to Special Strategic Partnership During Prime Minister’s Visit

India and Israel upgraded bilateral relations to a “Special Strategic Partnership for Peace, Innovation & Prosperity,” marking a major expansion of cooperation across strategic and economic sectors.

Key Outcomes of the Visit

1. Upgrade in Bilateral Relations:

• Relations elevated to Special Strategic Partnership level.
• Reflects growing convergence in defence, technology, innovation, and economic cooperation.

2. Critical & Emerging Technologies (CET) Initiative:

• Led by National Security Advisors of both countries.
• Focus areas include: Artificial Intelligence, Cybersecurity, Semiconductors, Quantum Computing, Biotechnology, Space technology

3. Artificial Intelligence and Strategic Foresight:

• Signed MoU on Artificial Intelligence cooperation.
• Launch of Horizon Scanning and Strategic Foresight Mechanism to anticipate technological and geopolitical changes.

4. Labour Mobility Agreement:

• Israel to allow up to 50,000 Indian workers over the next 5 years.
• Major boost to overseas employment opportunities for Indians.

5. Cybersecurity Cooperation:

• Development of a multi-year cybersecurity roadmap.
• Establishment of an India–Israel Centre of Excellence in Cybersecurity in India.

6. Agriculture and Water Technology Partnership:

• MoU to establish the India–Israel Innovation Centre for Agriculture (IINCA).
• Launch of 20 joint agricultural research fellowships.
• Focus on Drip irrigation, Precision agriculture, Water conservation and desalination

7. Additional Cooperation Areas:

• Exploring UPI–Israel payment linkage.
• Launch of India–Israel Academic Cooperation Forum.
• Creation of India–Israel Parliamentary Friendship Group.

Overview of India–Israel Relations

1. Diplomatic Relations:

• India recognized Israel in 1950.
• Full diplomatic relations established in 1992.

2. Economic Relations:

• Israel is India’s 2nd largest trading partner in Asia (merchandise trade).
• Bilateral trade: US$ 3.75 billion (FY 2024–25).
• Major sectors: Diamonds, Chemicals, Technology

3. Defence Cooperation:

• Israel is among India’s top defence suppliers.
• Cooperation includes Missiles, Radar systems, UAVs (drones), Electronic warfare systems

4. Technology and Innovation Cooperation:

• India–Israel Industrial R&D and Innovation Fund (I4F)
• Cooperation in Water management, Desalination, Agricultural technology

5. Regional and Multilateral Cooperation:

• Cooperation under I2U2 grouping (India, Israel, UAE, USA) & India–Middle East–Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC)

Industrial Corridors Strengthen India’s Industrial Ecosystem with Budget Push for East Coast Corridor

The Union Budget 2026–27 has reinforced India’s industrial growth strategy by prioritising the development of an integrated East Coast Industrial Corridor, including a major node at Durgapur.

What are Industrial Corridors?

• Industrial Corridors are linear economic zones connecting major industrial and economic centres through integrated infrastructure networks such as Highways, Railways, Ports, Airports, Logistics hubs

They aim to:

• Promote industrial clustering and agglomeration
• Enhance manufacturing competitiveness
• Improve logistics efficiency
• Attract domestic & foreign investment
• Enable balanced regional development

National Industrial Corridor Programme

National Industrial Corridor Programme is India’s flagship initiative for planned industrial urbanisation.

Key Features

• Covers 11 industrial corridors across India
• Focus on developing Low-Carbon Cities (LCCs)
• Promotes sustainable, smart, and green industrial infrastructure
• Encourages integration with global supply chains

Implementing and Institutional Framework

1. Implementing Agency: National Industrial Corridor Development Corporation:

• Established in 2008
• Functions under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry
• Earlier known as DMICDC (Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor Development Corporation Limited)

2. Financing Mechanism: National Industrial Corridor Development and Implementation Trust:

• Provides financial support for corridor development
• Allocated ₹3,000 crore in Budget Estimates 2026–27

Major Industrial Corridors in India

• Delhi–Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC)
• Chennai–Bengaluru Industrial Corridor (CBIC)
• Amritsar–Kolkata Industrial Corridor (AKIC)
• East Coast Industrial Corridor (ECIC)
• Bengaluru–Mumbai Industrial Corridor (BMIC)
• Vizag–Chennai Industrial Corridor (VCIC)

Major Challenges

1. Land Acquisition Issues:

• Large land requirements create social, legal, and administrative hurdles
• Smaller states face greater difficulty in land availability

2. Lack of Inter-Departmental Coordination:

• Poor coordination between central, state, and local agencies delays implementation

3. Insufficient State Support:

• Differences in state policies and priorities slow progress

4. Environmental and Social Concerns:

• Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) sometimes overlooks local community concerns
• Risk of ecological damage

5. Skill and Institutional Gaps:

• Shortage of trained personnel to manage industrial ecosystems

Casebook on AI and Gender Empowerment Launched to Showcase Global South Innovations

The Casebook on AI and Gender Empowerment has been launched as a joint initiative of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology and UN Women, with support from the Ministry of Women and Child Development, highlighting gender-responsive AI solutions from the Global South.

Objective of the Casebook

• To showcase AI-driven solutions advancing gender equality
• To promote responsible and inclusive AI development
• To highlight innovations from the Global South addressing women’s challenges
• To support policy-making, research, and scaling of gender-responsive AI technologies

Role of AI in Gender Empowerment

1. Healthcare and Menstrual Health:

• AI enables faster and more accurate diagnosis, improving women’s health outcomes.
• Provides confidential and stigma-free healthcare information.
• Example: Smart Kojin system: Uses Natural Language Processing (NLP) to deliver menstrual health guidance privately.

2. Prevention of Gender-Based Violence:

• Helps survivors make informed legal and financial decisions.
• Provides estimates of legal relief, compensation, and case duration.
• Example: NyayaSakhi-SWATI: Supports domestic violence survivors with AI-driven legal insights.

3. Access to Justice and Legal Awareness:

• Enhances legal literacy and access to remedies
• Helps women understand digital threats and legal rights
• Example: YASHODA AI: Educates women on digital safety, legal awareness, and AI-related harms.

4. Education and Skills Development:

• Enables personalized learning and mentorship
• Encourages girls to enter STEM fields
• Challenges gender stereotypes in education
• Example: AtenIA: Provides interactive mentorship through AI-enabled STEM role model interaction.

5. Women’s Safety and Public Security:

• Uses geospatial analytics, computer vision, and AI surveillance
• Enables early risk detection and faster institutional response
• Improves women’s confidence and safety in public spaces
• Example: NariRaksha: AI-based system that detects safety risks and improves urban security.

CBDC-Based Digital Food Currency Pilot Launched Under PM Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana

The Government of India has launched a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)-based Digital Food Currency pilot to enable Direct Benefit Transfers (DBT) under the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana (PMGKAY), marking a major step toward digitalisation of welfare delivery.

About PM Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana (PMGKAY)

1. Launch:

• Launched in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic.

2. Core Objective:

• Ensure food security for poor, migrant, and vulnerable populations
• Prevent hunger during economic disruptions and crisis situations

Eligible Beneficiaries

PMGKAY covers beneficiaries under the National Food Security Act (NFSA), including:

• Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) households
• Priority Household (PHH) families

These groups represent the poorest and most vulnerable sections of society.

Benefits Provided

• AAY households: 35 kg food grains per household per month (free of cost)
• PHH beneficiaries: 5 kg food grains per person per month (free of cost)

Distribution Mechanism

• Delivered through the Public Distribution System (PDS)
• Uses a network of Fair Price Shops across India

New Initiative: CBDC-Based Digital Food Currency Pilot

1. What is being introduced?

• A Digital Food Currency based on CBDC
• Enables Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) directly to beneficiaries in digital form

2. Role of CBDC: CBDC is issued by the Reserve Bank of India and represents:

• Digital form of sovereign currency
• Secure, traceable, and programmable money

Significance of Digital Food Currency

• 1. Improves Transparency: Reduces leakage, diversion, and corruption
• 2. Ensures Direct Delivery: Eliminates intermediaries
• 3. Enhances Efficiency: Faster transfer of benefits
• 4. Strengthens Digital Governance: Promotes Digital India ecosystem
• 5. Better Targeting of Welfare: Ensures benefits reach intended beneficiaries

Supreme Court Flags NCERT Textbook Reference to “Judicial Corruption” as Potential Criminal Contempt

The Supreme Court of India recently observed that references to “corruption in judiciary” in NCERT textbooks may fall within the ambit of criminal contempt of court, as such statements could undermine the authority and dignity of the judiciary.

About Contempt of Court

• Contempt of Court refers to acts that disrespect the court, disobey its orders, or obstruct the administration of justice.
• It is essential to maintain Authority of judiciary, Rule of law, Public confidence in judicial institutions

Constitutional Provisions

1. Article 129:

• Declares the Supreme Court as a Court of Record
• Grants it power to punish for contempt of itself

2. Article 215:

• Declares every High Court as a Court of Record
• Grants similar contempt powers to High Courts

Legislative Framework: Contempt of Courts Act, 1971

1. Civil Contempt:

• Definition: Wilful disobedience of Court orders, decrees, directions, writs or Breach of undertaking given to a court
• Purpose: Ensures compliance with court orders
• Example: Government failing to implement court directions

2. Criminal Contempt:

• Definition: Publication or acts that Scandalise or lower authority of court, Prejudice or interfere with judicial proceeding, Obstruct administration of justice
• Includes: Written statements, Spoken words, Signs or visual representations
• Example: False allegations undermining integrity of judges

3. Key Objective of Contempt Law:

• Protect independence of judiciary, Maintain dignity of courts, Ensure smooth functioning of justice system
• It does not protect judges personally, but protects the institution of judiciary.

Important Safeguards and Exceptions

• Fair and accurate reporting of judicial proceedings is allowed
• Fair criticism of judicial acts is permitted
• Truth can be used as a defence (added via amendment in 2006), if It is in public interest & It is bona fide

First Global Carbon Credits Approved Under Paris Agreement Crediting Mechanism (Article 6.4)

The United Nations has approved the first carbon credits under the global carbon market mechanism, involving an emission-reduction project in Myanmar coordinated with the Republic of Korea, marking operationalisation of Article 6.4 of the Paris Agreement.

About Paris Agreement Crediting Mechanism (PACM) – Article 6.4

1. Definition:

• It is a UN-supervised global carbon crediting mechanism established under Article 6.4 of the Paris Agreement to facilitate verified emission reductions and international carbon trading.

2. Purpose:

• Encourage measurable and verifiable emission reductions
• Enable countries and companies to cooperate in achieving climate targets
• Mobilize climate finance and sustainable development investments

3. Working Principle:

• Emission-reduction projects generate carbon credits (1 credit = 1 tonne CO₂ reduced or removed)
• These credits can be sold to other countries or companies to meet their climate commitments

Example:

• A company in one country funds a renewable energy project in another country → earns carbon credits → sells them internationally.

Three Components of Article 6 of the Paris Agreement

1. Article 6.2 – Cooperative Approaches:

• Provides framework for bilateral or multilateral carbon trading
• Uses Internationally Transferred Mitigation Outcomes (ITMOs)
• Includes accounting and transparency rules

2. Article 6.4 – UN-Supervised Crediting Mechanism:

• Centralized global carbon market mechanism
• Supervised by the United Nations
• Successor to Kyoto Protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
• Generates carbon credits from verified emission reduction projects

3. Article 6.8 – Non-Market Approaches:

• Focuses on climate cooperation without carbon trading
• Includes technology transfer, capacity building, and finance support

Significance of Article 6.4 Mechanism

1. Creation of a Global Carbon Market:

• Establishes a standardized international carbon trading system

2. Climate Finance Mobilization:

• Channels investment into developing countries for clean energy and sustainability projects

3. Cost-Effective Emission Reduction:

• Allows countries to meet climate targets at lower costs through global cooperation

4. Supports Developing Countries:

• Provides funding, technology, and infrastructure for climate mitigation

5. Improves Transparency and Credibility:

• UN-supervised mechanism ensures reliability and accountability

Link with India's Climate Strategy

India can benefit through:

• Attracting foreign investment in renewable energy and green hydrogen
• Exporting carbon credits through emission reduction projects
• Supporting India's target of Net Zero by 2070

India has already established a domestic carbon market under the Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS), 2023 aligned with global mechanisms.

Atal Innovation Mission Launches First State Innovation Mission in Tripura Under AIM 2.0 Framework

The first State Innovation Mission (SIM) has been launched in Tripura as part of the AIM 2.0 initiative, marking a major step toward strengthening state-level innovation ecosystems in India.

About State Innovation Mission (SIM)

1. Definition:

• SIM is a state-level institutional framework designed to promote innovation, entrepreneurship, and startup ecosystems in individual States and Union Territories.

2. Framework:

• Implemented under the State Support Mission (SSM) of AIM 2.0
• Anchored within NITI Aayog

3. Objective:

• To help States and UTs develop robust, inclusive, and locally relevant innovation ecosystems aligned with national priorities and regional strengths.

Parent Programme: Atal Innovation Mission (AIM)

• Launch Year: 2016
  Nodal Agency: NITI Aayog
• Core Aim: To promote a culture of innovation, entrepreneurship, and problem-solving across India.

Key Initiatives under AIM

1. Atal Tinkering Labs:

• Set up in schools & Promote STEM learning, creativity, and innovation among students

2. Atal Incubation Centres:

• Support startups with infrastructure, mentoring, and funding access

3. Atal Community Innovation Centres:

• Promote innovation in underserved and rural regions

4. State Innovation Mission:

• Strengthens innovation systems at the State level
• Integrates state innovation efforts with national innovation goals

INS Anjadip Commissioned to Strengthen Indian Navy’s Anti-Submarine Warfare Capability

The Indian Navy is set to commission INS Anjadip at Chennai port, marking a significant boost to India’s coastal defence and anti-submarine warfare (ASW) capabilities.

1. Class:

•  Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW-SWC)

2. Sequence:

• Third ship out of a planned fleet of 8 ASW-SWC vessels

3. Built by:

• Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE), Kolkata

4. Named after:

• Anjadip Island, located off the Karwar coast in Karnataka

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