10 November 2025 Current Affairs (With PDF)

Stay updated with 10 November 2025 Current Affairs on this page! We bring you the most relevant and important news updates from around the world and India, specially curated for competitive exams and different entrance exams. Today's Current Affairs cover all significant national and international headlines, legal updates, economic news, and environmental highlights to boost your preparation. With our crisp, to-the-point coverage, you can confidently tackle current affairs questions in your exams.

Supreme Court Flags Flaws in India’s Land Registration System - Samiullah v. State of Bihar

In Samiullah v. State of Bihar, the Supreme Court raised serious concerns over India’s outdated and unreliable land registration framework, calling for structural reforms to ensure legal certainty and prevent property fraud.

Issues Highlighted by the SC

• Outdated Legal Framework: Land transactions still governed by colonial-era laws - Transfer of Property Act, 1882, Stamp Act, 1899, and Registration Act, 1908.
• No Conclusive Land Title: Registration of deeds provides only presumptive ownership, not state-guaranteed title - leaving buyers vulnerable to fraud and litigation.
• Litigation Burden: Property-related disputes, fraudulent deeds, and encroachments constitute over 66% of civil cases in India.
• Incomplete Digitisation: Programmes like DILRMP (Digital India Land Records Modernization Programme) and NGDRS (National Generic Document Registration System) focus on digitisation but do not correct faulty or disputed titles.

Key Recommendations by the Supreme Court

• Blockchain Integration: Use blockchain-based registries for transparent, tamper-proof, and verifiable property transactions.
  These could integrate survey data, cadastral maps, and registration details, preventing duplicate sales or title frauds.
• Conclusive Land Titling: Directed the Law Commission to study the transition from presumptive to conclusive titles, making the state guarantor of ownership.
• Institutional Overhaul: Urged legal harmonisation across the Registration Act (1908), Evidence Act (1872), and IT Act (2000) with stronger Centre–State coordination.

About Blockchain Technology

• Definition: A Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) where encrypted records (blocks) are permanently linked and stored across multiple computers.
• Structure: Each block contains transaction data, linked chronologically and cryptographically, ensuring immutability.
• Key Features: Transparency, Traceability, Decentralisation, Tamper-resistance
• Benefits: Enhances trust, efficiency, and fraud prevention in public registries and governance systems.
• Global Adoption: Countries like Sweden, Georgia, and Ghana have piloted blockchain-based land registries, demonstrating greater efficiency, reduced disputes, and citizen confidence.

World Economic Forum (WEF) Releases Report- “Shaping the Deep-Tech Revolution in Agriculture”

The World Economic Forum (WEF), under its AI for Agriculture Initiative (AI4AI), released a report titled “Shaping the Deep-Tech Revolution in Agriculture” to highlight how emerging technologies can address systemic challenges in global food systems.

About the AI4AI Initiative

• Objective: To bring together public and private sector partners to scale AI and agritech solutions for sustainable agricultural transformation.
• Goal: Accelerate innovation, boost productivity, and promote climate-resilient and resource-efficient farming worldwide.

Key Challenges in Agriculture

• Declining Agricultural Workforce: Migration from rural to urban areas and an ageing farming population are leading to labour shortages.
• Climate Change and Weather Extremes: Without major emission cuts, global calorie yields from staple crops could decline by 24% by 2100.
• Natural Resource Degradation: Agriculture consumes 70% of global freshwater, with 71% of aquifers already overused and One-third of global soils are degraded; 90% of topsoil could be at risk by 2050.

Deep-Tech Use Cases in Agriculture Highlighted in the Report

1. Intello Labs - Fruitsort:

• Uses AI and computer vision to assess fresh produce quality.
• Detects defects and inconsistencies in fruits and vegetables using advanced cameras and machine learning.

2. Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY):

• Employs remote sensing (satellite imagery) for efficient crop insurance verification.
• Integrates high-resolution drones and a dedicated mobile app for real-time monitoring.

3. Infosys:

• 5G.NATURAL Programme
• Develops a modular, intelligent swarm system for autonomous harvesting using 5G and edge computing.

4. Boomitra:

• URVARA Project (Vital Agricultural Regeneration and Adaptation)
• Focuses on carbon monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) to incentivise climate-smart and regenerative agriculture.

Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) Report - World Bank (2025)

The World Bank’s latest Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) report calls on India to accelerate financial sector reforms to meet its USD 30 trillion economy goal by 2047, emphasizing deeper market development, stronger regulation, and green finance mobilisation.

Key Highlights of the Report

1. Resilient Financial System:

• India’s financial system is now stronger and more diversified, with total financial assets rising to 175% of GDP (up from 144% in 2017).
• The state continues to play a dominant role, though private participation remains essential for future growth.

2. Digital Strength:

• India’s digital public infrastructure (DPI) - including UPI, Aadhaar, and Account Aggregator frameworks — has enhanced financial inclusion, access, and efficiency.

3. Regulatory Progress:

• The RBI and SEBI’s reforms have strengthened supervision and prudential regulation.
• However, non-banking financial companies (NBFCs) still face oversight and risk management challenges.
• The report appreciates India’s expansion of regulatory powers over cooperative banks and its tightening of prudential rules.

4. Market Development Challenges:

• Corporate bond and infrastructure financing markets remain shallow, with investors showing a strong preference for government securities.
• Tax disparities between debt and equity instruments discourage participation in bond markets.

Key Reform Recommendations

About FSAP (Financial Sector Assessment Program)

• Launched: 1999
• Conducted by:
  - IMF - for advanced economies.
  - World Bank & IMF (jointly) - for emerging and developing economies.
• Objective: To assess the stability, resilience, and development needs of a country’s financial system.
• India’s Previous FSAP: Conducted in 2017, focusing on post-Global Financial Crisis reforms and early digital infrastructure expansion.

India to Join the “Tropical Forests Forever Facility (TFFF)” as Observer - COP30 Initiative

About the Tropical Forests Forever Facility (TFFF)

1. Initiated by:

• Brazil, on the sidelines of COP-30 in Belém, Brazil.

2. Nature:

• A global financing mechanism to make forest preservation economically viable.

3. Objective:

• Incentivize conservation and expansion of tropical forests.
• Provide annual payments to Tropical Forest Countries (TFCs) that maintain or increase their standing forest cover.

Funding Mechanism

• Target Corpus: USD 125 billion.
• Composition: Public Funding: 20–25% & Private Investment: 70–80%
• Operation: Returns from investments will be distributed as payments to countries successfully conserving their tropical forests.

Eligibility Criteria for TFCs

To qualify for TFFF support, countries must demonstrate:

• Annual deforestation rate below 0.5%.
• Equitable resource sharing with Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLCs).
• Commitment to sustainable forest governance and monitoring.

Importance of Forest Conservation

Significance for India

By joining TFFF as an Observer, India signals:

• Support for South-South environmental cooperation.
• Commitment to climate finance innovation and tropical ecosystem protection.
• Alignment with its own domestic efforts under Green India Mission and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).

BRAIN Initiative Cell Atlas Network (BICAN): 1st Draft Atlas of the Developing Human Brain Released

Researchers under the U.S. National Institutes of Health’s (NIH) BRAIN Initiative Cell Atlas Network (BICAN) have successfully completed the first draft of atlases mapping the developing human brain, marking a major leap in neuroscience.

Key Findings

• Comprehensive Mapping: The study charts how various brain cell types emerge and mature-from the earliest embryonic stages through fetal development to adulthood.
• Understanding Brain Disorders: Insights from the atlas could advance understanding and treatment of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders such as autism, schizophrenia, and epilepsy.
• Developmental Blueprint: The data provide a molecular and cellular roadmap of the human brain, showing how genetic and environmental factors influence its development.

About BICAN

1. Full Name:

• BRAIN Initiative Cell Atlas Network

2. Launched by:

• U.S. NIH’s Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies (BRAIN) Initiative

3. Nature:

• A collaborative global network of neuroscientists, computational biologists, and software engineers.

4. Goal:

• To create a comprehensive, open-access atlas of all the cell types in the human brain.

5. Approach:

• Uses single-cell genomics, artificial intelligence, and 3D mapping.
• Integrates massive datasets to understand how brain cells interact and organize.

Supreme Court Directs Removal of Stray Dogs from Key Public Spaces

The Supreme Court (SC) emphasized that repeated dog-bite incidents in public spaces are not just a public health issue but a human safety concern under Article 21 (Right to Life) of the Constitution.

Key Directions by SC

• Nodal Officers: Each public premise (schools, hospitals, transport hubs) must appoint an officer responsible for upkeep and surveillance.
• Security Measures: District Magistrates must ensure adequate fencing, boundary walls, and gates.
• Regular Inspections: Municipal authorities and panchayats to inspect premises at least quarterly.
• Medical Preparedness: All government and private hospitals must maintain anti-rabies vaccines and immunoglobulin at all times.
• Waste Management: Implement proper systems to eliminate food sources that attract stray animals.

Legal and Policy Framework

1. Constitutional Mandates:

• Article 243(W) - Municipalities responsible for controlling stray dogs.
• Article 51A(g) - Citizens’ duty to have compassion for living creatures.

2. Animal Birth Control (ABC) Rules, 2023:

• Capture-Sterilize-Vaccinate-Release (CSVR) model under Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960.

3. National Action Plan for Dog-Mediated Rabies Elimination (NAPRE):

• Targeting elimination of dog-mediated rabies by 2030.

Promotion of Research and Innovation in Pharma & MedTech (PRIP) Scheme

The Government of India has extended the application deadline for the Promotion of Research and Innovation in Pharma & MedTech (PRIP) Scheme to encourage wider participation from industry and academia.

About the PRIP Scheme

• Launched by: Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers
• Financial Outlay: ₹5,000 crore
• Objective: To transform India into a global research and development (R&D) hub in the pharmaceuticals and medical technology (MedTech) sectors.

Key Features of the Scheme

1. Component A - Strengthening Research Infrastructure:

• Establishment of Centres of Excellence (CoEs) at National Institutes of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPERs).
• Focus on building cutting-edge facilities to support advanced R&D, testing, and innovation in pharma and MedTech.

2. Component B - Promoting Research & Innovation:

• Encourages collaborative R&D between industry and academia.
• Provides financial support and incentives for developing novel drugs, diagnostics, medical devices, and technologies.
• Aims to enhance domestic innovation capacity, reduce import dependency, and boost Make in India in the health technology domain.

Google’s AI Data Centre on Christmas Island

Google has announced plans to establish a large artificial intelligence (AI) data centre on Christmas Island, located in the Indian Ocean, to strengthen its regional digital infrastructure.

About Christmas Island

1. Location:

• Situated in the Indian Ocean, approximately 1,500 km northwest of mainland Australia.

2. Geopolitical Importance:

• Strategically positioned to monitor key maritime routes - the Sunda Strait, Lombok Strait, and Malacca Strait, which are crucial for global trade and security.

3. Nickname:

• Known as the “Galápagos of the Indian Ocean” due to its exceptional biodiversity.

4. Area:

• Covers around 135 sq. km.

5. Ecological Significance:

• Renowned for the annual migration of millions of red crabs from forest to sea.
• Habitat for sea birds, whale sharks, and vibrant coral reefs.

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