15 September 2025 Current Affairs (With PDF)

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MoEFCC Approves Translocation of Eight Tigers to Sahyadri Tiger Reserve

Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) has granted approval for the translocation of 8 tigers from Tadoba-Andhari & Pench Tiger Reserves to the Sahyadri Tiger Reserve, Maharashtra.

Legal Provisions

(a) Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 – Section 12:

• Schedule I animals: Prior permission of Central Government is mandatory.
• Other wild animals: Permission from State Government is required.

(b) MoEFCC may revoke permits in case of mishaps or safety concerns.

(c) NTCA has already approved the translocation.

Purpose & Benefits

• Revival of Tiger Population in the northern Western Ghats.
• Ecological Balance – Restores predator-prey dynamics.
• Conflict Mitigation – Relieves pressure in tiger-overcrowded reserves.
• Rewilding – Revives areas where tigers were locally extinct.

Concerns

• Local community protests.
• Territorial disputes among tigers.
• Weak forest management & prey base issues.

Sahyadri Tiger Reserve – Key Facts

1. Notified:

2010 (by merging Chandoli National Park & Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary).

2. Location:

Sahyadri Ranges, Western Ghats, Maharashtra.

3. Significance:

Northernmost tiger habitat in Western Ghats.

4. Reservoirs:

Shivsagar (Koyna River) & Vasant Sagar (Warana River).

Union Govt. Announces Annual Licensing Policy for Opium Cultivation 2025–26

The Union Government has released the annual licensing policy for opium cultivation for 2025–26 under the NDPS Rules, 1985, framed under the NDPS Act, 1985.

About Opium & Uses

1. Source:

• Opium poppy plant produces gum opium containing alkaloids like morphine, codeine, and thebaine.

2. Uses:

• Morphine: Analgesic (pain relief).
• Codeine: Used in cough syrups.
• Also cultivated for edible seeds and seed oil.

Global Context

1. India:

Only country authorized by the UN Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs (1961) to produce gum opium.

2. Other 11 countries:

Cultivate opium poppy but do not extract gum.

Opium Cultivation in India

1. Legal Basis:

NDPS Act empowers Centre to regulate cultivation for medical & scientific purposes.

2. Notified Tracts:

States of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh.

3. Licensing Authority:

Central Bureau of Narcotics (CBN), Gwalior under Ministry of Finance.

4. Obligation:

Farmers must sell entire produce to CBN at government-fixed price.

SEBI Board Meeting: Ease of Doing Business in Securities Market

Key Approvals & Measures

1. SWAGAT-FI Framework

• Full form: Single Window Automatic & Generalised Access for Trusted Foreign Investors.
• For FPIs (Foreign Portfolio Investors) & FVCIs (Foreign Venture Capital Investors).
• Aim: Simplify entry & compliance, deepen foreign participation.

2. India Market Access Platform

• A digital gateway to streamline approvals, entry, and regulatory compliance for foreign investors.

3. Reclassification of REITs (Real Estate Investment Trusts) as Equity

• REITs: Allow retail investors to invest in large-scale, income-generating real estate.
• Reclassification enables mutual funds to invest more in REITs.

4. Relaxed IPO Norms

• Easier rules for large issuers.
• Extended timelines to meet Minimum Public Shareholding (MPS) norms.
• IPO: First sale of company shares to public → prerequisite for stock exchange listing.

5. New Category of AIF Schemes (AI-only Schemes)

• Limited to Accredited Investors (AIs) only.
• Accredited Investor: Individual/entity meeting prescribed income, net worth, or qualification criteria, eligible to invest in high-risk securities exempt from some SEBI registration.

PM Launches Gyan Bharatam Portal to Preserve Manuscript Heritage

Why in News?

• The Prime Minister inaugurated the Gyan Bharatam Portal, part of the Gyan Bharatam Mission (announced in Union Budget 2025–26), to digitize and conserve India’s vast manuscript heritage.
• The initiative aims to make ancient knowledge accessible while ensuring its long-term preservation.

What is a Manuscript?

1. Definition:

• A handwritten text on paper, palm leaf, bark, cloth, metal, or similar material, dating back at least 75 years and holding historical, scientific, or aesthetic significance.

2. Exclusions:

• Lithographs and printed books are not classified as manuscripts.

3. Diversity:

• India has an estimated 10 million manuscripts across 80 ancient scripts such as Brahmi, Gaudi, Kushan, Lepcha, Maithili.
• Language share: ~75% in Sanskrit, ~25% in regional languages.

Significance of Manuscripts

1. Cultural Memory:

Evidence of human activities and intellectual traditions.

2. Knowledge Reservoir:

Insights into cultural, political, scientific, and economic life.

3. Example:

Kautilya’s Arthashastra on statecraft and economics.

4. Resilience:

Reflects devotion to learning despite centuries of invasions and destruction.

Other Initiatives for Manuscript Conservation

1. National Manuscripts Mission (NMM):

Started in 2003 by the Ministry of Tourism & Culture to survey, preserve, and digitize manuscripts.

2. National Library of India, Kolkata:

Repository of 3,600+ rare manuscripts.

3. Asiatic Society of Bengal (1784, Sir William Jones):

Pioneered manuscript collection and digitization.

New York Declaration on Palestine Issue

Why in News?

India voted in favour of a UN General Assembly resolution endorsing the New York Declaration on the peaceful settlement of the Palestine issue and implementation of the two-state solution.

About the Declaration

1. Core Demand:

• Calls for an immediate ceasefire in Gaza.

2. Two-State Vision:

• Seeks establishment of an independent, sovereign, and economically viable Palestinian State, coexisting peacefully with Israel.

3. Key Provisions:

• Disarmament of Hamas and its exclusion from governance in Gaza.
• Normalization of relations between Israel and Arab countries.
• Collective security guarantees for both Israel and Palestine.

Significance

• Reinforces the two-state solution as the only sustainable path to peace.
• Balances security needs of Israel with aspirations of Palestinians.
• Reflects growing global push for multilateral conflict resolution under the UN.

Bairabi–Sairang Broad Gauge Railway Line

Why in News?

Prime Minister inaugurated the Bairabi–Sairang broad gauge railway line, connecting Mizoram’s capital Aizawl to the Indian Railways network for the first time.

Key Features & Significance

1. Strategic Connectivity:

First direct rail link of Mizoram with the rest of India.

2. Logistics & Supplies:

Ensures timely transport of food grains, fertilizers, and essentials, reducing dependency on road transport.

3. Socio-Economic Boost:

Enhances access to hospitals, universities, and markets, improving healthcare, education, and trade.

4. Regional Integration:

Strengthens cultural and economic ties, aiding in Act East Policy and North-East development.

5. Security & Strategic Importance:

Rail link improves movement for defence logistics in a sensitive border state adjoining Myanmar and Bangladesh.

Indian Coast Guard

Why in News?

• India participated in the 4th Coast Guard Global Summit in Rome.
• Placed a bid to host the 5th edition in 2027.

About Indian Coast Guard

• Established: 1977
• Ministry: Ministry of Defence
• Motto: "Vayam Rakshamah" – We Protect

Mission & Functions

1. Maritime Security & Resource Protection

• Safeguards ocean and offshore resources (oil, fish, minerals).
• Prevents poaching, smuggling, and narcotics trafficking in maritime zones.

2. Safety & Assistance

• Provides search and rescue (SAR) to mariners in distress.
• Protects life and property at sea.

3. Environmental Protection

• Preserves marine environment & ecology.
• Ensures protection of rare and endangered species.

4. Law Enforcement & Scientific Support

• Enforces maritime laws in territorial waters, EEZ & high seas.
• Collects scientific data and assists the Indian Navy during wartime

m-Kisan SMS Portal

About

1. Launched by:

Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare (MoAFW).

2. Type:

SMS-based portal for farmers.

3. Coverage:

Reached nearly 3.8 crore farmers across 13 states.

Features

• Provides information, services, and advisories from Central & State govt. organizations.
• Content is customized to farmers’ language, location, and preferred agricultural practices.
• Covers sectors like crop production, weather forecasts, market prices, pest/disease management, and government schemes.

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