18 November 2025 Current Affairs (With PDF)

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Recent Terror Incident in Delhi Reveals New Trend of ‘White Collar’ Terrorism

• A recent terror incident in Delhi has highlighted the emerging trend of ‘White Collar Terrorism’, where educated professionals—doctors, engineers, researchers, and corporate employees—use their professional legitimacy, networks, and access to institutional resources to facilitate terrorism.
• This contrasts sharply with the earlier assumption that terror groups primarily radicalise the unemployed or socially vulnerable.

What is White Collar Terrorism?

Professionals weaponise:

• Academic & research networks
• Technical expertise
• Access to financial, digital or institutional systems

Purpose: To advance extremist goals while avoiding early suspicion due to their social legitimacy.

Why is it Emerging?

1. Relative Deprivation Theory

• Radicalisation stems from perceived injustice or exclusion, not material poverty.
• Individuals feel compelled to assert identity or status through extremist means.

2. Social Identity Theory

• Extremist groups offer a “higher purpose” identity that can overshadow professional or personal identities.

3. Rise of Digital Technology

• Encrypted platforms, cryptocurrency channels, drones, and cyber tools require tech-savvy individuals, making professionals valuable assets.

Other Emerging Forms of Terrorism

• Lone-Wolf Terrorism: Individuals acting independently (e.g., Christchurch attacks).
• Suicide Bombings: Attackers serve as the weapon; extremely destructive (e.g., Pulwama 2019).
• Sleeper Cells: Operatives stay inactive for years before activation.
• Over-Ground Workers (OGWs): Provide logistics, funding, recruitment, and safe houses.

India’s Counter-Terrorism Strategy

1. Key Agencies

• NIA, NSG, Intelligence Bureau, anti-terror special cells in states.

2. Legal Framework

• Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967 (UAPA)
• Allows designation of individuals as terrorists and provides enhanced investigative powers.

3. Countering Terror Financing

• Terror Funding & Fake Currency Cell (TFFC) – under NIA
• Combating Financing of Terrorism (CFT) Cell – under MHA
• Cooperation with FATF norms, tighter controls on hawala networks and digital transactions.

4. Kinetic / Retaliatory Responses

• Surgical Strike (2016)
• Operation Sindoor (2025)
• Enhanced border surveillance, intelligence coordination and targeted operations.

Impact of Disasters on Agriculture and Food Security, 2025 – FAO Report

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) released its flagship Impact of Disasters on Agriculture and Food Security 2025 report, stressing how disasters significantly disrupt global food systems and highlighting digital transformation as a critical tool for agricultural disaster risk reduction.

Key Highlights of the Report

1. Massive Financial Losses

• Total losses: USD 3.26 trillion (1991–2023) in agriculture.
• Cereal crops suffered the highest share of losses.
• Asia: Largest share (47%) due to extensive agricultural activity and high exposure to floods, cyclones, storms, droughts.

2. Nutrition Disruption

• Disasters reduce global food availability equivalent to ~320 kcal per person per day, worsening undernutrition and food insecurity.

3. Loss of Livelihoods

Marine heatwaves (1985–2022):

• Caused USD 6.6 billion in losses.
• Affected 15% of global fisheries, impacting millions dependent on coastal livelihoods.

Role of Technology in Agricultural Disaster Risk Reduction

1. Resilient Agrifood Systems

• Digital platforms enable timely, data-driven decision-making, bridging infrastructure gaps.
• Enhances risk transfer mechanisms (crop insurance, climate-risk financing).

2. Shift from Reactive to Proactive

• Real-time and predictive intelligence allows anticipatory actions, reducing losses.
• Example: Early Warning Systems such as FAO’s Global Information and Early Warning System (GIEWS).

3. Economic Benefits

Agrometeorological Advisory Services in India:

• Reduced input cost by USD 29.65 per hectare for wheat, improving farmers' profitability.

India’s Use of Technology in Agriculture

1. AI & IoT

• Kisan e-Mitra – AI-based farmer support chatbot.
• National Pest Surveillance System (NPSS) – Uses AI for early pest detection.

2. Space Technology

• FASAL Project – Utilizes satellite data + agro-meteorology + ground observations to estimate crop production.

3. Drones

• Namo Drone Didi Scheme – Promotes drone use for spraying, monitoring.
• SVAMITVA Scheme – Drone-based land mapping for rural property records.

India to Develop National Platform for Climate and Nature Finance

• India, along with 13 other developing countries and regions, announced plans to establish national or regional platforms for climate and nature finance at a ministerial event during COP30 in Belém, Brazil.
• Participating entities include countries such as Cambodia, Colombia, and regional bodies like the African Islands States Climate Commission (AISCC).

About the Platform

1. Support Mechanism

• Backed by the Green Climate Fund (GCF) Readiness and Preparatory Support Programme.
• Readiness Programme: Helps countries strengthen institutional capacity, governance, and long-term planning for transformational climate action.

2. Purpose

• To create strategic, country-driven mechanisms that align domestic climate priorities with investment planning.
• Moves away from fragmented, project-by-project climate finance approaches.
• Serves as a coordination platform between: Public & private actors
• International & domestic institutions
• Development partners & financial stakeholders

3. Expected Outcome

• Streamlined climate and nature finance mobilisation.
• Stronger alignment between NDC priorities and financial flows.
• Accelerated climate resilience and low-carbon development.

About the Green Climate Fund (GCF)

• World’s largest climate fund.
• Established: COP16, UNFCCC (Cancún, 2010).
• Mandate: Supports developing countries in achieving and enhancing their NDCs and transitioning to low-emissions, climate-resilient pathways.
• Operates under: Article 9 of the Paris Agreement.
• Governance: Managed by the GCF Board, accountable to the UNFCCC COP.
• Headquarters: Songdo, Incheon, Republic of Korea.

Integrated Forum on Climate Change and Trade (IFCCT) Launched at COP30

About IFCCT

1. Aim:

• To create a permanent, politically supported platform for countries to discuss and navigate the increasingly sensitive linkages between trade policies and climate action.

2. Independence:

• The Forum will be institutionally independent of both the WTO and the UNFCCC, ensuring neutral space for dialogue.

3. Leadership:

• Co-chaired by Brazil and a developed country partner.

4. Membership:

• Open to all Parties to the UNFCCC.

5. Mandate / What it WILL NOT Do:

• Will not negotiate binding outcomes.
• Will not interpret existing trade or climate agreements.
• Will not adjudicate disputes.
• Will not evaluate or scrutinize specific national policies.

6. Purpose / Rationale

To address rising tensions over

• Carbon border measures (e.g., CBAM),
• Green industrial subsidies,
• Trade barriers linked to climate regulations.

To enhance trust, transparency, and cooperation between developed and developing nations on climate-trade issues.

ESCAPADE Mission (NASA)

Launch: Aboard Blue Origin’s New Glenn rocket.

Objective

1. To study:

• Interaction between solar wind and Mars’ magnetic environment, and
• How this drives atmospheric escape from Mars.

This will help understand how Mars lost most of its atmosphere over billions of years.

2. Key Scientific Context

• Mars no longer has a global magnetic field.
• Its magnetosphere is formed by: Remnant crustal magnetic fields (from an ancient core), and
• A weak magnetic field in its upper atmosphere interacting with the solar wind.

3. Mission Profile

• The spacecraft first enters a “loiter orbit” near Earth’s Lagrange Point 2 (L2).
• Lagrange Points: Positions in space where the gravitational forces of Earth and Sun balance the orbital motion of a spacecraft.
• They allow spacecraft to remain stable with minimal fuel consumption.

4. Significance

Provides insights into:

• Atmospheric evolution of Mars
• Space weather effects
• Future crewed missions and habitability studies

Part of NASA’s broader Mars exploration programme.

Systematic Observation Impact Bond (SOIB)

World’s first impact bond on weather and climate data.

Context

• Recently opened for contributions.
• To be highlighted under the COP30 (UNFCCC) Action Agenda.

Aim

• To strengthen global climate resilience and early warning systems, especially in vulnerable regions.
• Mobilise innovative finance specifically for weather and climate data systems.

Key Features

• Initial Capitalization Target: USD 200 million by end of 2026.
• Financing Instrument: Uses an impact bond mechanism—investment linked to measurable outcomes in climate observation capacity.

Pioneered By

Systematic Observations Financing Facility (SOFF) – a UN fund created by:

• UN Environment Programme (UNEP)
• World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
• UN Development Programme (UNDP)

Significance

• Will help 30 Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and Small Island Developing States (SIDS) meet Global Basic Observing Network (GBON) standards.
• Enables global early warning coverage in line with UN’s Early Warnings for All (EW4All) initiative.
• Strengthens data availability for weather prediction, climate risk assessment, and disaster preparedness.

Food Waste Breakthrough (FWB)

Launched at COP30 (Belém) as a 2030 Climate Solution under the Marrakech Partnership for Global Climate Action.

About

• A global initiative uniting governments, cities, civil society, and private sector.
• Aims to address food waste, which drives both global hunger and climate change.
• Positioned as a key non-state climate action commitment for 2030.

Targets (by 2030)

• Halving global food waste.
• Reducing methane emissions by up to 7%, as food waste in landfills is a major methane source.

Funding Support

• Global Environment Facility (GEF) committed USD 3 million for early implementation.

Participation

• Country Champions: Brazil, Japan, United Kingdom
• Supported by: Multiple global cities, Private-sector partners, Civil society organizations

Significance

• Supports global climate goals through methane mitigation, vital for short-term climate action.
• Contributes to SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) and SDG 12.3 (Food Waste Reduction).
• Enhances collaboration between local and national governments under the Marrakech Partnership framework.

Ambaji Marble Receives Geographical Indication (GI) Tag

Ambaji Marble from Gujarat has been officially granted the Geographical Indication (GI) Tag, recognising its distinct regional identity and unique qualities.

About Ambaji Marble

• Location of Production: Primarily quarried in the Banaskantha district of Gujarat.
• Distinctive Features: Renowned for its milky white appearance.
• Exhibits high durability, superior polish, and aesthetic appeal.
• Widely used in temple architecture, monuments, heritage structures, and premium construction projects.

About the Geographical Indication (GI) Tag

• Meaning: A GI tag is an intellectual property certification granted to products that have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities, characteristics, or reputation inherent to that location.
• Legal Framework: Granted under the Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999.
• Validity Period: Registered GI tags are valid for 10 years and can be renewed.
• Nodal Ministry: Administered by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Ministry of Commerce & Industry.

Senkaku Islands

Recently, a formation of China Coast Guard ships passed through waters around the Japan-administered Senkaku Islands, reigniting tensions in the long-standing territorial dispute between Japan and China.

About Senkaku Islands

1. Location:

• East China Sea, northeast of Taiwan and west of Okinawa.

2. Administration:

• Controlled by Japan; part of Okinawa Prefecture.

3. Chinese Name:

• Diaoyu Islands (China), Tiaoyutai (Taiwan).

4. Status:

• Uninhabited islands and rocks.
• Claimed by Japan, China, and Taiwan.
• Rich in fisheries, potential hydrocarbon reserves.
• Located along strategic shipping routes.

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