23 June 2025 Current Affairs (With PDF)

Stay updated with 23 June 2025 Current Affairs on this page! We bring you the most relevant and important news updates from around the world and India, specially curated for competitive exams and different entrance exams. Today's Current Affairs cover all significant national and international headlines, legal updates, economic news, and environmental highlights to boost your preparation. With our crisp, to-the-point coverage, you can confidently tackle current affairs questions in your exams. 

IAEA: Israeli Strike Hits Iran's Natanz Nuclear Plant

The IAEA confirmed that a recent Israeli airstrike directly hit Iran’s Natanz underground uranium enrichment facility, raising global nuclear safety and security concerns amid Middle East tensions.

Nuclear Safety vs. Nuclear Security

Role of IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency)

Major International Frameworks on Nuclear Safety & Security

1. Security-Oriented

• Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (CPPNM) → Only legally binding treaty for physical protection of nuclear material (amended in 2005).
• International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism (ICSANT) → Requires states to criminalize nuclear terrorism.
• UNSC Resolutions (e.g., UNSCR 1540) → Calls upon all states to prevent non-state actors from accessing WMDs and related materials.

2. Safety-Oriented

• Convention on Nuclear Safety (CNS) → Obligates operators of land-based nuclear plants to maintain high safety standards.
• Vienna Declaration on Nuclear Safety (2015) → Reinforces accident prevention and mitigation of radiological consequences.
• Code of Conduct on Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources → Non-binding IAEA guidance to ensure safe handling and control of radioactive materials.

3. Other UN Initiatives

• Terrorist Bombings Convention (1997) → Criminalizes use of explosives including radioactive materials.

FDA Approves Lenacapavir for HIV Prevention

Overview

• Lenacapavir, a long-acting antiretroviral drug, approved by the US FDA as Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV-negative individuals at risk.
• First twice-yearly injectable PrEP option.
• May be prequalified by WHO, expediting global availability via requalification of Medicines Programme (PQP).

About Lenacapavir

What is PrEP?

1. PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis): Medication taken by HIV-negative individuals to prevent HIV infection.

2. WHO-recommended PrEP options:

• Oral PrEP (e.g. Tenofovir)
• Dapivirine vaginal ring
• Cabotegravir (CAB-LA)
• Now: Lenacapavir

About HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)

India’s Initiatives to Combat HIV/AIDS

1. National AIDS Control Programme – Phase V (2021–26)

• Goal: 80% reduction in new HIV infections by 2026

2. 95-95-95 UNAIDS Target

• 95% people with HIV know their status
• 95% of diagnosed are on treatment
• 95% of those on treatment achieve viral suppression

3. HIV and AIDS (Prevention and Control) Act, 2017

• Prohibits discrimination against HIV-positive individuals

4. Youth Awareness

• Red Ribbon Clubs in colleges and schools

5. 2030 Goal

• Commitment to end HIV/AIDS as a public health threat by 2030

WHO Prequalification of Medicines Programme (PQP)

• Ensures that medicines meet global standards of quality, safety, and efficacy
• Helps expedite national approvals and procurement (especially in LMICs)

HAL Bags ISRO Deal to Build SSLVs

Overview

• Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. (HAL) has won the ISRO bid to manufacture and operate Small Satellite Launch Vehicles (SSLVs).
• Deal involves Transfer of Technology (ToT) from ISRO.
• HAL will build at least 2 SSLVs end-to-end under ISRO's guidance, mirroring procedures of the 3 developmental flights already conducted.

About SSLV (Small Satellite Launch Vehicle)

India’s Push for Space Sector Liberalisation

1. Policy & Institutional Support

2.  Notable Milestones

Significance of HAL’s SSLV Deal

• First time a public sector aerospace firm (HAL) takes over end-to-end rocket manufacturing from ISRO.
• Marks a major step toward indigenization & privatisation of launch services.
• Boosts India’s role in the growing global small satellite launch market.

Finland Withdraws from Ottawa Convention

Overview

• Finland’s Parliament approved withdrawal from the Ottawa Convention (Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention).
• Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland have already announced withdrawal due to heightened regional security concerns amid rising tensions with Russia.

About the Ottawa Convention

Key Provisions

• Ban on use, production, stockpiling, and transfer of anti-personnel mines
• Obligation to destroy existing stockpiles within 4 years
• Clear mined areas within 10 years
• Assist victims and promote international cooperation |
  | Members | 165 countries (as of 2024)
  → Notably absent: India, USA, China, Russia, Pakistan |

India’s Position on the Ottawa Convention

1. Not a signatory

2. Reason:

• Security concerns due to long land borders and cross-border infiltration (especially from Pakistan).
• India emphasizes the need for defensive use of anti-personnel mines in border areas.

3. Advocates a non-discriminatory, comprehensive ban covering all types of landmines.

Relevance to Global Security

• Finland and Baltic states’ withdrawals reflect strategic shift due to potential conflicts with Russia.
• Highlights tensions between disarmament and national security.

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