4 September 2025 Current Affairs (With PDF)

Stay updated with 4 September 2025 Current Affairs on this page! We bring you the most relevant and important news updates from around the world and India, specially curated for competitive exams and different entrance exams. Today's Current Affairs cover all significant national and international headlines, legal updates, economic news, and environmental highlights to boost your preparation. With our crisp, to-the-point coverage, you can confidently tackle current affairs questions in your exams. 

WHO Reports Highlight Global Mental Health Crisis

Why in News?

The World Health Organization (WHO) released two major reports - World Mental Health Today and the Mental Health Atlas 2024 - revealing that over 1 billion people worldwide are living with mental health disorders, imposing heavy social and economic costs.

Key Highlights of the Reports

1. Rising Prevalence

• In 2021, 14% of the global population was estimated to be living with a mental disorder.

2. Most Common Disorders

• Anxiety and depression together account for over two-thirds of all mental health conditions.

3. Demographic Insights

• Women: Higher prevalence of anxiety, depressive, and eating disorders.
• Youth: Nearly 50% of mental disorders begin before 18 years of age.

4. Systemic Gaps

• Median government spending on mental health is just 2% of health budgets.
• Acute shortage of trained professionals and low treatment coverage.

Consequences of Mental Disorders

• Suicide Burden: In 2021, suicide was the 2nd leading cause of death in females aged 15–29 and the 3rd in males of the same age group.
• Caregiver Strain: Mental health disorders lead to some of the highest annual informal care costs, burdening families socially, emotionally, and financially.
• Economic Impact: Mental health-related losses are estimated at 0.5%–1% of GDP in several countries.

Initiatives to Strengthen Mental Health Care

1. India

• Tele-MANAS: Nationwide tele-mental health assistance and support network.
• Manodarpan: Psychosocial support initiative for students, launched during COVID-19.
• National Mental Health Programme: Ensures minimum mental healthcare availability and accessibility for all.

2. Global

• Paro Declaration: Commitment to universal access to people-centred mental health services.
• WHO’s Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP): Scaling up care for mental, neurological, and substance use disorders.

India Unveils First 32-bit Indigenous Processor – Vikram3201 at Semicon India 2025

Why in News?

At Semicon India 2025, India showcased its first fully indigenously developed 32-bit processor – Vikram3201, marking a major step in the nation’s semiconductor journey. This milestone aligns with India’s vision of capturing a share of the USD 1 trillion global semiconductor market by 2030.

About Vikram3201 Processor

• Evolution: Advanced version of the earlier 16-bit VIKRAM1601, which has been deployed in ISRO’s launch vehicle avionics systems since 2009.
• Indigenous Capability: Fully Make-in-India microprocessor, designed to withstand harsh space and launch environments.
• Developers: Jointly designed and developed by the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (ISRO) and the Semiconductor Laboratory (SCL), Chandigarh.
• Architecture: Features a custom Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) with capabilities for floating-point computation.

Semicon India 2025

• Organisers: India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) and SEMI.
• Objective: A premier platform bringing together global leaders, academia, innovators, and policymakers to shape the semiconductor ecosystem in India.
• Significance: Symbolises India’s transition from policy approvals to initial production in semiconductor manufacturing.

Government Initiatives for Semiconductor Manufacturing

1. India Semiconductor Mission (ISM)

• Approved in 2021, acts as the nodal agency for developing a sustainable, globally competitive semiconductor and display ecosystem.

2. Design-Linked Incentive (DLI) Scheme (Revamped)

• Supports creation of Indian IP in semiconductor design and manufacturing.
• Encourages startups and research institutions to innovate in chip design.

Anti-Immigration Protests in Australia Target Indian Community

Why in News?

“March for Australia” rallies, marked by anti-immigration slogans, were held across Australia. Several Australian MPs condemned protests, highlighting growing anti-immigrant sentiment in parts of Global North.

Indian Diaspora in Australia

• Indians are the second-largest migrant group in Australia, after the UK.
• As of June 2023, Australia hosted nearly 840,000 Indian-born residents.

Drivers of Anti-Immigration Sentiment in the Global North

1. Securitization of Migration

• Migration viewed as a threat to cultural and national security.
• Creates fear of losing cultural identity (e.g., Brexit campaign).

2. Economic Protectionism

• Perception that immigrants strain public resources.
• Fear of wage undercutting and job losses among native workers.

3. Nationalism & Deglobalization

• Rise of nationalism and focus on domestic interests over global integration.

4. Right-Wing Populism

• Populist narratives equating migration with threats to identity and security.

5. Xenophobia & Cultural Violence

• Fear of “otherness” amplified by media and political rhetoric, leading to hostility against migrants.

Significance of Indian Diaspora for India

• Economic: India remains the top remittance-receiving nation, with USD 118.7 billion in 2023-24.
• Political: Diaspora lobbying has influenced key foreign policy outcomes (e.g., Indo-US civil nuclear deal).
• Soft Power Diplomacy: Promotion of Indian culture through music, films, festivals, yoga, cuisine, etc.

Key Initiatives for Indian Diaspora

• Indian Community Welfare Fund (ICWF): Provides support to overseas Indians in times of distress.
• Pravasi Bharatiya Bima Yojana (PBBY), 2017: Offers ₹10 lakh insurance cover in case of accidental death for Indian workers abroad.

Empowered Women: Foundation of a Developed India – Prime Minister

Why in News?

The Prime Minister, while launching the Bihar Rajya Jeevika Nidhi Saakh Sahkari Sangh Limited initiative, emphasized the central role of financial inclusion of women Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in achieving women’s empowerment and national development.

About the Initiative

• Objective: Provide rural women entrepreneurs in Bihar (Jeevika members) easy, digital access to funds at affordable rates.
• Background: Part of the Bihar Rural Livelihoods Project (BRLP - Jeevika) for poverty alleviation through SHGs.
• Significance: Aims to reduce dependence on Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) that often charge high interest rates.

Role of SHGs in Women Empowerment

1. Economic Empowerment

• Access to formal credit, income generation, and employment.
• Enhances decision-making power within households.
• Example: SHG-Bank Linkage Programme.

2. Social Empowerment

• Collective action builds confidence and social capital.
• Helps women tackle gender biases, while improving healthcare and child development outcomes.
• Example: Kudumbashree Mission in Kerala.

3. Political Empowerment

• SHGs advocate for rights and grassroots policy implementation.
• Encourage leadership and political participation of women.

Government Initiatives Promoting Women Empowerment via SHGs

• DAY-NRLM & Lakhpati Didi Initiative: Goal is to Create 3 crore Lakhpati Didis with annual household income ≥ ₹1 lakh.
• Women Entrepreneurship Platform (NITI Aayog): Aggregator for information and services for women entrepreneurs.
• Stand Up India & Mudra Yojana / Mahila Udhyami Yojana: Facilitating credit access for women entrepreneurs.
• Sanchar Shakti Initiative: Enhances ICT access for SHGs, enabling digital empowerment.

Immigration and Foreigners (Exemption) Order, 2025

Why in News

The Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has notified the Immigration and Foreigners (Exemption) Order, 2025 under the Immigration and Foreigners Act, 2025, granting specific relaxations from passport and visa requirements for certain categories of individuals.

Key Highlights of the Order

1. Exemptions from Passport/Visa Requirements

• Armed Forces: Members of the Indian Armed Forces on duty.
• Citizens of Neighbouring Countries:
  - Indians, Nepalese, and Bhutanese citizens at specified land borders.
  - Tibetan nationals holding valid registration/special permits.
• Religious Minorities from Neighbouring Countries: Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis, and Christians from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Pakistan who entered India by December 31, 2024, even with expired/invalid documents.
• Sri Lankan Tamils: Registered Tamil nationals from Sri Lanka who took shelter in India by January 9, 2015.

2. Visa Exemption Provisions

• Diplomatic/Official Passport Holders: Where exemptions exist under bilateral/multilateral agreements.
• Visa-on-Arrival Eligible Nationals: Foreigners eligible as per notified categories.
• Foreign Military Personnel: Visiting India on naval warships or special defence missions.

Significance of the Order

• Humanitarian Relief: Protects vulnerable groups such as religious minorities from neighbouring countries and Sri Lankan Tamils.
• Regional Integration: Facilitates smooth border movement with Nepal and Bhutan.
• Strategic Diplomacy: Strengthens defence and diplomatic ties through exemptions for military and official delegations.
• National Security Balance: Provides exemptions while retaining checks under registration and special permits.

Russia and China Sign Pact for Power of Siberia 2 Gas Pipeline

Why in News

Russia and China have signed a legally binding agreement to construct the Power of Siberia 2 (PoS-2) gas pipeline, strengthening their energy partnership.

About Power of Siberia 2 (PoS-2) Pipeline

• Route: Will transport natural gas from West Siberian reserves in Russia to northern China, passing through eastern Mongolia.
• Objective: Expand gas supplies beyond the existing Power of Siberia (PoS-1) pipeline that connects Eastern Siberia to China.
• Former Name: Earlier referred to as the Altai Pipeline.

Significance

1. For Russia:

• Provides an alternative energy market amid declining European demand.
• Strengthens Russia’s pivot towards Asia in global energy trade.

2. For China:

• Ensures long-term, reliable energy supplies.
• Enhances energy security through diversified gas import routes.

3. Geopolitical Impact:

• Deepens the Russia–China strategic partnership while reshaping regional energy geopolitics.

India Approaches WTO Over US Tariffs on Copper Products

Why in News

India has sought consultations with the United States under the World Trade Organization (WTO) Safeguard Agreement regarding the 50% tariffs imposed on certain copper products, citing potential harm to its domestic industry.

About WTO Committee on Safeguards

1. Purpose:

• Provides a platform for WTO members to discuss matters relating to the operation and implementation of the Agreement on Safeguards.

2. Safeguard Measures:

• Emergency actions imposed in response to increased imports of specific products that threaten serious injury to the importing country’s domestic industry.

3. Functions of the Committee:

• Monitoring & Reporting: Tracks and reports the implementation of the Agreement to the Council for Trade in Goods (CTG).
• Compliance Assessment: Reviews procedural compliance upon request by a member and reports its findings.

Significance of India’s Move

• Ensures protection of domestic copper industry from unfair import surges.
• Demonstrates India’s utilization of multilateral trade mechanisms to resolve disputes.
• Reinforces the role of WTO Safeguards Agreement in balancing free trade with domestic industrial interests.

APEDA Launches BHARATI to Support Agri-Food Startups and Boost Exports

Why in News

The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) has launched the BHARATI initiative to promote innovation in agri-food startups, aligning with the government’s Atmanirbhar Bharat and Startup India visions. The programme aims to enhance India’s global footprint in agri-food exports.

About BHARATI

1. Full Form:

• Bharat’s Hub for Agritech, Resilience, Advancement and Incubation for Export Enablement.

2. Core Target:

• Support 100 agri-food startups.
• Achieve $50 billion agri-food exports by 2030.

3. Programme Structure:

• 3-month acceleration programme for selected startups.
• Focus on product development, export readiness, regulatory compliance, and market access.

Exercise Maitree-XIV Begins in Meghalaya

Why in News

The 14th edition of Exercise Maitree (MAITREE-XIV) between the armies of India and Thailand commenced in Meghalaya, India.

About Exercise Maitree

• Origin: Instituted in 2006 as a bilateral military exercise.
• Participants: Conducted between the Indian Army and the Royal Thai Army.
• Nature: Aimed at enhancing interoperability, cooperation, and joint operational skills.

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