9 October 2025 Current Affairs (With PDF)

Stay updated with 9 October 2025 Current Affairs on this page! We bring you the most relevant and important news updates from around the world and India, specially curated for competitive exams and different entrance exams. Today's Current Affairs cover all significant national and international headlines, legal updates, economic news, and environmental highlights to boost your preparation. With our crisp, to-the-point coverage, you can confidently tackle current affairs questions in your exams.

2025 Nobel Prize in Physics

2025 Nobel Prize in Physics Awarded to John Clarke, Michel Devoret, and John Martinis (USA) for Quantum Phenomena Demonstrated on Human Scale.

Background

• A key question in physics has been — how large can a system be and still exhibit quantum behaviour?
• Traditionally, quantum effects were observed only at atomic and sub-atomic levels.
• However, these scientists demonstrated that quantum mechanics can manifest at macroscopic scales — in systems visible and tangible to humans.
• They achieved this using quantum tunnelling and energy quantisation, proving that large systems can also display inherently quantum properties.

About the Experiment

• The team used an electric circuit containing two superconductors separated by a thin insulating layer — known as a Josephson Junction.
• In this setup, electrons tunneled through the barrier — a phenomenon called quantum tunnelling, where particles pass through barriers they classically shouldn’t cross.
• The system exhibited energy quantisation, meaning it could only absorb or emit energy in discrete amounts — a hallmark of quantum mechanics.

Significance

• Demonstrated macroscopic quantum phenomena, bridging the gap between classical and quantum worlds.
• Laid the foundation for modern quantum technologies — including quantum computers, ultra-sensitive quantum sensors, and next-generation transistors.

About Quantum Mechanics

• Explains the behaviour of matter and energy at atomic and subatomic scales.
• Core Principle: Wave–Particle Duality — particles like electrons and photons can behave both as discrete particles and as waves.
• Enables understanding of tunnelling, superposition, and entanglement — phenomena central to modern physics and quantum computing.

India Launches Foreign Currency Settlement System at GIFT IFSC to Enable Localised USD Transactions and Reduce Settlement Time

The Ministry of Finance has launched the Foreign Currency Settlement System (FCSS) at GIFT International Financial Services Centre (IFSC), placing India among select global hubs like Hong Kong and Tokyo that offer localised foreign currency transaction settlements.

About FCSS:

• Authorised by: International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA) under the Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007.
• Objective: Facilitates local settlement of foreign currency transactions between IFSC Banking Units (IBUs), eliminating dependence on the traditional correspondent banking system.
• Initial Phase: Settlements in US Dollars, with plans to include other currencies later.
• Operator: CCIL IFSC Ltd, a subsidiary of the Clearing Corporation of India Ltd.
• Advantage: Enables real-time or near real-time settlement, reducing transaction time from 36–48 hours (in traditional systems) to a few minutes.

About GIFT City & IFSCA:

• GIFT City (Gujarat): India’s first operational smart city and home to the country’s only International Financial Services Centre (IFSC), offering onshore and offshore financial services in a competitive tax environment.
• IFSCA (est. 2020): A unified regulatory body under the IFSCA Act, 2019, headquartered in GIFT City, responsible for developing and regulating financial products, services, and institutions within IFSCs.

NPCI Unveils New Digital Payment Innovations at Global Fintech Festival 2025 to Boost Fintech Ecosystem

At the Global Fintech Festival (GFF) 2025, the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) introduced a series of digital payment initiatives aimed at enhancing financial inclusion, business efficiency, and innovation in India’s payments landscape.

Key Initiatives:

• NPCI Tech Solutions Limited (NTSL): A newly launched NPCI subsidiary dedicated to advancing FinTech innovation and technology solutions.
• UPI Multi-Signatory Feature: Enables joint accounts on UPI that require authorisation from multiple users — ideal for corporates, MSMEs, and startups to manage business payments securely.
• Forex on Bharat Connect: Integrates the FX Retail Platform with Bharat Connect (formerly Bharat BillPay), allowing retail customers to access and transact in foreign currency through their payment apps.
• UPI-Based Cash Withdrawals via Micro ATMs: Introduces a simplified cash withdrawal facility at UPI Cash Points (Business Correspondents), enhancing rural cash accessibility.

About NPCI:

• Established by: RBI and Indian Banks’ Association (IBA) under the Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007.
• Nature: A not-for-profit umbrella organisation overseeing India’s retail payment and settlement systems.
• Major Products: UPI, RuPay, IMPS, NETC (FASTag), NACH, Aadhaar Payment Bridge System, and Bharat Bill Payment System (BBPS).

RBI Brings Central and State Co-operative Banks under Integrated Ombudsman Scheme, 2021 for Unified Grievance Redressal

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has extended the ambit of the Reserve Bank – Integrated Ombudsman Scheme (RB-IOS), 2021 to include Central and State Co-operative Banks, under the powers conferred by Section 35A of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.

About RB-IOS, 2021:

1. Objective:

• To provide a speedy, cost-effective, and transparent grievance redress mechanism for customers of all regulated entities (REs).

2. Coverage (Before Inclusion):

• All Commercial Banks, Regional Rural Banks, and Urban Co-operative Banks with deposits above ₹50 crore.
• Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) accepting deposits or having customer interface with assets ≥ ₹100 crore.
• System Participants under the Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007.
• Credit Information Companies (CICs).

3. Integration:

• Merged three earlier frameworks —
• Banking Ombudsman Scheme, 2006
• NBFC Ombudsman Scheme, 2018
• Digital Transactions Ombudsman Scheme, 2019

4. Approach:

• Implements the “One Nation, One Ombudsman” model, eliminating jurisdictional constraints.

5. Powers:

• The Ombudsman can award compensation up to ₹20 lakh, with an additional ₹1 lakh for mental distress, time, and expenses incurred by complainants.

CBIC Introduces System-Based Auto-Approval for IFSC Registration to Boost Ease of Doing Business

The Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC) has implemented a system-based auto-approval mechanism for Indian Financial System Code (IFSC) registration, aiming to enhance transparency, reduce processing time, and improve the ease of doing business in the financial sector.

About Indian Financial System Code (IFSC):

1. Nature:

• An 11-digit alphanumeric code uniquely assigned to each bank branch by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).

2. Purpose:

• Ensures accurate routing of online transactions such as NEFT, RTGS, and IMPS, ensuring funds reach the correct recipient.

3. Scope:

• Used for domestic transactions denominated in Indian Rupees (INR).

4. Comparison:

• IFSC – For domestic electronic transfers within India.
• SWIFT Code (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication) – Used for international fund transfers.

About the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC):

1. Parent Body:

• Functions under the Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance.

2. Former Name:

• Known earlier as the Central Board of Excise and Customs (CBEC), established in 1964; renamed as CBIC in 2018.

3. Key Functions:

• Formulation and implementation of policies related to Customs, Central Excise, Central GST (CGST), and Integrated GST (IGST).
• Prevention of smuggling and enforcement of customs laws.
• Oversight of indirect tax administration and trade facilitation in India.

Supreme Court Rules Man-Made Futala Lake Not a Wetland under 2017 Conservation Rules

The Supreme Court of India has ruled that Nagpur’s Futala Lake cannot be classified as a wetland under the Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2017, as it is a man-made waterbody created for irrigation purposes.

Key Judicial Observations:

• The Court clarified that human-made waterbodies constructed for irrigation, aquaculture, salt production, or recreation are excluded from the definition of wetlands under the 2017 Rules.
• Other exclusions include river channels, paddy fields, and wetlands already governed under the Forest Act, 1927, Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, or Coastal Regulation Zone Notification, 2011.
• Despite the exclusion, the Court emphasized that such waterbodies remain protected under the Public Trust Doctrine and Article 21 of the Constitution, which guarantees the Right to a Healthy Environment.

Public Trust Doctrine:

This legal principle mandates that natural resources like water, forests, and air are held by the State in trust for public use, and the government bears a fiduciary duty to safeguard and preserve them for future generations.

Taliban Participates as Formal Member for the First Time at 7th Moscow Format Meeting on Afghanistan

The 7th Moscow Format Consultations on Afghanistan witnessed the first formal participation of Taliban officials, marking a significant diplomatic shift in regional engagement.

About the Moscow Format:

• Establishment: Created in 2017 to foster peace, stability, and national reconciliation in Afghanistan.
• Objective: Serves as a regional dialogue mechanism for coordinated efforts among neighbouring and key regional countries to address political, security, and humanitarian challenges in Afghanistan.
• Member Countries: India, Afghanistan, China, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.

The formal inclusion of Taliban representatives signals growing regional acknowledgment of their role in Afghanistan’s political landscape, even as concerns persist over governance, counterterrorism, and human rights issues.

Operation HAECHI-VI

CBI Arrests Eight in INTERPOL’s Operation HAECHI-VI Targeting Global Cyber-Financial Crimes

About Operation HAECHI-VI:

• Supported by: The Republic of Korea.
• Nature: Sixth edition of INTERPOL’s global operation against transnational cyber-enabled financial crimes.
• Objective: To disrupt illicit financial flows, apprehend cyber offenders, and strengthen international cooperation in combating digital financial fraud.
• Key Focus Areas: Investment fraud, Romance scams, Money laundering linked to illegal online gambling, Online sextortion, Voice phishing

PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana

Over ₹10,900 Crore Sanctioned Under PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana to Power 1 Crore Homes with Free Solar Electricity

About the Scheme:

1. Aim:

• To provide up to 300 units of free electricity per month to 1 crore households through subsidized rooftop solar installations.

2. Nodal Ministry:

• Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE).

3. Scale:

• Recognized as the world’s largest domestic rooftop solar initiative.

4. Key Features:

• Subsidies available for individual residential households and Group Housing Societies/Resident Welfare Associations (GHS/RWAs).
• Additional 10% subsidy per kW for special category states.

5. Progress:

• Public Sector Banks have approved over 5 lakh loan applications amounting to ₹10,907 crore to accelerate implementation.

Polar Silk Route

China Launches ‘Polar Silk Route’ via Arctic Ocean to Boost Global Trade Connectivity

About Polar Silk Road:

• Initiative by: China
• Introduced in: China’s Arctic Policy White Paper, 2018
• Description: Refers to navigable Arctic sea routes connecting North America, East Asia, and Western Europe, offering a shorter and cost-effective global trade route.
• Objective: Strengthen cooperation with Arctic states in areas like navigation, clean energy, environmental protection, and scientific research, advancing the vision of a “Blue Economic Corridor.”
• Significance: Marks China’s strategic expansion of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) into the Arctic region.

INS Androth

Indian Navy Commissions INS Androth, Advanced Anti-Submarine Warfare Vessel

About INS Androth:

1. Type:

• Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW-SWC)

2. Series:

• Second ship after INS Arnala; part of 8 ASW-SWCs built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE), Kolkata

3. Naming:

• After Androth, northernmost island of Lakshadweep

4. Capabilities:

• Maritime surveillance
• Search and rescue operations
• Coastal and anti-submarine defence
• Low Intensity Maritime Operations (LIMO)

All Set with 9 October Current Affairs? Let’s Quiz!

Ready to put your knowledge to the test? Take our daily quiz now and reinforce what you learned!

9 October 2025 Current Affair Quiz

Why is 9 October 2025 Current Affairs Important for You?

• Essential for Exams: The Current Affairs of 9 October 2025 cover topics that are often asked in competitive exams.
• Boosts Your Knowledge: Helps you stay informed about the latest events and updates.
• Improves Accuracy: Daily practice with Current Affairs of 9 October 2025 improves your speed and accuracy in exams.
• Quick Revision: Acts as a daily revision tool for upcoming exams.
• Saves Time: You don’t need to search multiple sources; everything is here in one place!
• Helps in Interviews: Being updated with Current Affairs of 9 October 2025 gives you confidence for personal interviews and group discussions.

How to Use 9 October 2025 Current Affairs for Exam Preparation? 

• Read Properly: Go through the 9 October 2025 Current Affairs to stay updated.
• Make Notes: Summarize key points and important updates in your own words.
• Link with Syllabus: Identify topics relevant to your exam and connect them with your syllabus.
• Practice Daily Quizzes: Test your knowledge by taking daily quizzes based on 9 October 2025 Current Affairs.
• Revise Often: Review the updates multiple times to boost your recall and confidence.
• Discuss with Peers: Join discussions and share insights to deepen your understanding.

Get Daily Updates and Stay Ahead!

Law Prep Tutorial is committed to giving you the best daily current affairs updates to help you excel in various exams. Our platform is trusted by thousands of toppers for timely, accurate, and concise updates that matter most for your exams. Explore our dedicated sections below: