6 March 2026 Current Affairs (With PDF)

We bring you the most relevant and important news updates from around the world and India, specially curated for competitive exams and different entrance exams. Today's Current Affairs cover all significant national and international headlines, legal updates, economic news, and environmental highlights to boost your preparation. With our crisp, to-the-point coverage, you can confidently tackle current affairs questions in your exams.

Iran’s Naval Blockade of the Strait of Hormuz

Iran’s reported closure of the Strait of Hormuz amid escalating regional conflict has raised serious concerns about global energy supply and India’s import security.

About the Strait of Hormuz

1. Location:

• Lies between Iran (north) and Musandam Peninsula of Oman (south).
• Connects the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman and further to the Arabian Sea.

2. Strategic Importance:

• Considered the world’s most critical energy chokepoint.
• It is the only maritime outlet for the Persian Gulf’s oil and gas exports.

3. Energy Transit:

• Nearly 20% of global oil supply passes through this route.
• Around one-fifth of global LNG trade, largely from Qatar, moves through the strait.

4. Fertiliser Trade:

• Roughly one-third of global fertiliser exports transit this corridor.

Significance for India

1. Crude Oil Dependence:

• Around 50% of India’s crude imports (~2.5 million barrels/day) pass through the strait.

2. Gas Imports:

• ~85% of India’s LPG imports and ~60% of LNG imports

3. Import Exposure:

• Approximately 20% of India’s total imports transit the Hormuz corridor, including ~40% DAP fertiliser, ~85% Methanol, Nearly 100% Ethylene Glycol

4. Price Sensitivity:

• $1 per barrel increase in crude price raises India’s import bill by ~$2 billion annually.

5. Growth Impact:

• A sustained $10 per barrel increase can reduce India’s real GDP growth by ~0.25 percentage points.

India’s Contingency Framework

1. Strategic Petroleum Reserves:

• India’s Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) capacity: 5.33 million tonnes
• Visakhapatnam Strategic Petroleum Reserve
• Mangaluru Strategic Petroleum Reserve
• Padur Strategic Petroleum Reserve

2. Total Oil Cover including commercial reserves:

• ~75 days (Still below the 90-day buffer recommended by the International Energy Agency.)

3. Diversification Strategies:

• Increased imports from Russia via sea routes bypassing Hormuz.
• Spot purchases from United States, West African producers, Latin American exporters.

4. Pipeline Access:

• Possible commercial access to Saudi and UAE bypass pipelines.

5. Naval Protection:

• Indian Navy conducts escort missions under Operation Sankalp in Gulf of Oman to safeguard Indian shipping.

6. Key Vulnerability:

• India does not maintain strategic LPG reserves, making LPG supply particularly vulnerable during prolonged disruption.

Rethinking Digital Searches for Taxation

The Supreme Court of India is examining the constitutional validity of digital search powers under the Income Tax Act, 2025 in Vishwaprasad Alva vs Union of India.

Evolution of Search Powers

1. Income Tax Act, 1961 – Section 132:

• Permits anticipatory searches of premises, physical assets, and financial records.
• Requires a recorded “reason to believe” before authorisation.

2. Judicial Endorsement:

• In Pooran Mal v. Director of Inspection, the Court upheld Section 132 citing compelling state interest in tax enforcement.

3. Income Tax Act, 2025 – Section 247:

• Expands search powers to include Computer systems, Virtual digital spaces, Password disclosure, Digital access controls

4. Privacy Jurisprudence:

• In Justice K.S. Puttaswamy vs Union of India, the Court recognised informational privacy as a fundamental right under Article 21.

Arguments in Favour of Digital Searches

• Procedural Safeguards: Section 132 requires prior approval and recorded reasons by senior tax authorities before conducting searches.
• Judicial Review Mechanism: In Laljibhai Mandalia case, courts reaffirmed that jurisdictional material authorising searches can be reviewed.
• Legitimate State Objective: Tax enforcement remains a constitutionally valid state function, as recognised in the Pooran Mal doctrine.
• Fragility of Digital Evidence: Digital data can be deleted, encrypted, or remotely transferred, making anticipatory searches necessary to prevent evidence destruction.

Arguments Against Digital Searches

• Excessive Data Intrusion: Digital devices contain personal, professional, and third-party information unrelated to tax investigations.
• Privacy Violation: Broad access to personal data may violate informational privacy under Article 21.
• Weak Oversight: Search authorisations are largely executive-controlled, with confidential “recorded reasons,” limiting transparency and effective review under Articles 14 and 21.
• Outdated Legal Doctrine: The 1974 Pooran Mal precedent predates the digital era and may not adequately address modern data extraction and networked information risks.

Safeguards for Constitutionally Compliant Digital Searches

1. Specified Scope:

• Search authorisations should clearly specify Target devices, Cloud accounts, Relevant data categories

2. Necessity Threshold:

• Digital searches should be conducted only when less intrusive measures fail or are ineffective.

3. Defined Limits:

• Data extraction must remain confined to Relevant time periods and Specific financial transactions

4. Data Protection Protocols:

• Authorities should separate Legally privileged communications and Unrelated third-party information

5. Audit Trail & Transparency:

• Search procedures must maintain complete documentation and be subject to judicial review to ensure proportionality and accountability.

11th Raisina Dialogue 2026 Kicks Off in New Delhi

Why in News

The 11th edition of the Raisina Dialogue, India’s flagship conference on geopolitics and geo-economics, has commenced in New Delhi. The event brings together global leaders, policymakers, and experts to deliberate on pressing international issues and India’s role in shaping global governance.

Key Highlights

1. About the Raisina Dialogue:

a) Inception

• Launched in 2016 to provide a platform for discussions on global governance, security, and economics.

b) Modelled After

Inspired by international forums such as:

• Shangri-La Dialogue (Singapore) – Asia’s premier defence and security summit
• Munich Security Conference (Germany) – Annual forum for international security policy discussions since 1963

c) Organisers

• Jointly hosted by the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) and the Observer Research Foundation (ORF), an independent think tank established in 1990 focusing on foreign policy, governance, and economic issues.

2. Theme and Focus:

Theme 2026: “Saṁskāra: Assertion, Accommodation, Advancement” – emphasises the role of civilisational identity in guiding global engagement, cooperation, and progress.

 Six Strategic Pillars:

• Shifting global power centres
• Governance of oceans and cyberspace
• Climate urgency and sustainability
• Artificial Intelligence (AI)
• Digital governance
• Global cooperation frameworks

3. Participation and Guests:

• Global Reach: Delegates from 110 countries including ministers, former heads of state, military leaders, and industry figures.
• Chief Guest: Dr Alexander Stubb, President of Finland, attending this year’s edition.

4. Significance:

• Reinforces India’s position as a “Vishwamitra”, a guiding voice of the Global South.
• Highlights India’s growing influence in shaping multilateral dialogues, regional security, and international cooperation frameworks.

Defence Ministry Approves Acquisition of ALH Mk-III Helicopters and VL-Shtil Missiles

Why in News

The Ministry of Defence (MoD) has recently signed major contracts to strengthen India’s coastal and naval capabilities:

• ₹2,901 crore contract with Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) for six Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH) Mk-III helicopters for the Indian Coast Guard.
• ₹2,182 crore contract with Russia’s JSC Rosoboronexport for Vertical Launch Shtil (VL-Shtil) missile systems for the Indian Navy.

Key Highlights

1. Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH) Mk-III:

a) Indigenous Development

• Designed and developed by HAL, part of the Dhruv ALH family.

b) Engine & Configuration

• Twin Shakti-1H1 engines; equipped with a 270-degree surveillance radar for wide-area monitoring.

c) Operational Role

Multirole capabilities including:

• Coastal patrolling and maritime security operations
• Search and rescue missions
• Pollution monitoring and response
• Deployment Flexibility: Can operate from both shore-based airfields and naval vessels.

2. Vertical Launch Shtil (VL-Shtil) Missiles:

a) Origin

• Russian-designed ship-based medium-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) system, also called Shtil-1.

b) Purpose

• Provides rapid, 360-degree layered air defence for frontline warships.

c) Launch System

Below-deck Vertical Launch System (VLS) cells allow omnidirectional missile firing at a high rate (one missile every 2–3 seconds).

Operational Parameters:

• Range: Up to 50 km
• Speed: Up to Mach 4.5
• Altitude: Engages targets from 5 metres (sea-skimming) to 15 km
• Target Handling: Can track and neutralize up to 12 aerial targets simultaneously

Lunar Eclipse

A total lunar eclipse was recently visible across India.

What is a Lunar Eclipse?

A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth moves directly between the Sun and the Moon, causing Earth’s shadow to fall on the Moon.

• It occurs only during a Full Moon when the Sun, Earth, and Moon align in a straight line, a configuration known as Syzygy.
• However, an eclipse does not occur every Full Moon because the Moon’s orbit is tilted by about 5° relative to Earth’s orbital plane, so the Moon usually passes above or below Earth’s shadow.

Earth’s Shadow Structure

During a lunar eclipse, Earth creates two types of shadow:

1. Umbra:

• The dark inner core of the shadow.
• Sunlight is completely blocked.

2. Penumbra:

• The outer, partially shaded region.
• Only part of the Sun’s light is blocked.

Types of Lunar Eclipse

1. Total Lunar Eclipse:

• The Moon completely enters Earth’s umbra.
• The Moon often appears reddish, popularly called a Blood Moon due to scattering of sunlight through Earth’s atmosphere.

2. Partial Lunar Eclipse:

• Only a portion of the Moon enters the umbra because of imperfect alignment.

3. Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:

• The Moon passes only through the penumbra, causing slight dimming that is often difficult to notice.

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