Mathematics in Class 12 plays a crucial role in shaping your performance in board exams as well as competitive tests like JEE, CUET, NDA, and other entrance exams. The CBSE has released the updated Class 12th Mathematics syllabus 2025-26, which covers topics like relations, functions, algebra, calculus, probability, and vectors.
Knowing the syllabus of class 12 maths CBSE helps you plan your studies smartly, focus on important units, and practice effectively. In this guide, we provide the complete maths class 12 syllabus 2025-26, including unit-wise chapters, internal assessment, exam pattern, and preparation tips to help you score high.
Class 12th Maths Syllabus 2025-26: Overview
The CBSE Class 12 Mathematics syllabus 2025-26 is designed to strengthen logical reasoning, analytical ability, and problem-solving skills. The exam pattern includes 80 marks theory and 20 marks internal assessment, making a total of 100 marks. Each unit has specific weightage, with Calculus carrying the maximum marks.
| Unit No. | Unit Name | Marks |
| I | Relations and Functions | 8 |
| II | Algebra | 10 |
| III | Calculus | 35 |
| IV | Vectors and Three-Dimensional Geometry | 14 |
| V | Linear Programming | 5 |
| VI | Probability | 8 |
| Total | – | 80 |
📥 Download Class 12 Maths Syllabus PDF
Get the official document of the class 12th mathematics syllabus for CBSE with complete unit-wise topics, marks distribution, exam pattern, and project guidelines.
Class 12th Mathematics Syllabus 2025-26
Let’s go through the syllabus for class 12 maths in detail to understand the chapters and topics:
Unit I: Relations and Functions (8 Marks)
This unit in maths syllabus for class 12 deepens the understanding of relations and functions from Class 11. Students learn different types of relations, functions, and their inverses, along with inverse trigonometric functions. These concepts are crucial in calculus, algebra, and coordinate geometry, and form a strong base for higher mathematics.
| Chapter & No. | Topics Covered |
| Chapter 1: Relations and Functions | • Types of relations: reflexive, symmetric, transitive, equivalence • One-one and onto functions • Composition of functions |
| Chapter 2: Inverse Trigonometric Functions | • Definition, range, domain, principal values • Graphs of inverse trigonometric functions • Properties and simple applications |
Unit II: Algebra (10 Marks)
Algebra in syllabus for class 12 maths introduces matrices and determinants, which are widely used in higher studies, engineering, and computer applications. Students learn operations on matrices, inverse of matrices, solving linear equations, and properties of determinants. These topics build essential computational and logical skills for advanced problem-solving.
| Chapter & No. | Topics Covered |
| Chapter 3: Matrices | • Concept, order, equality • Types of matrices • Operations (addition, multiplication, scalar multiplication) • Transpose, symmetric and skew-symmetric • Invertible matrices |
| Chapter 4: Determinants | • Determinants up to 3×3 • Properties of determinants • Minors, cofactors • Adjoint and inverse of a matrix • Application: area of triangle • Solving system of linear equations (2 or 3 variables) using matrices |
Unit III: Calculus (35 Marks)
This unit, the heaviest in the math syllabus of class 12, develops advanced concepts in calculus. Students learn continuity, differentiability, integration, applications of derivatives and integrals, and differential equations.
These concepts are essential for JEE, CUET, and higher mathematics, making calculus the backbone of the Class 12 Maths syllabus.
| Chapter & No. | Topics Covered |
| Chapter 5: Continuity and Differentiability | • Continuity, differentiability • Derivatives of composite and implicit functions • Derivatives of inverse trigonometric, exponential & logarithmic functions • Logarithmic differentiation • Second-order derivatives |
| Chapter 6: Applications of Derivatives | • Rate of change • Increasing/decreasing functions • Tangents and normals • Maxima and minima (first and second derivative test) • Simple problems |
| Chapter 7: Integrals | • Integration as inverse of differentiation • Methods: substitution, partial fractions, by parts • Simple integrals: rational, trigonometric, exponential, logarithmic • Definite integrals – properties, evaluation |
| Chapter 8: Applications of Integrals | • Area under curves • Areas bounded by lines, circles, parabolas, ellipses (standard form only) |
| Chapter 9: Differential Equations | • Definition, order, degree • General & particular solutions • Method of separation of variables • Homogeneous equations • Linear differential equations of the form dy/dx + py = q |
Unit IV: Vectors and Three-Dimensional Geometry (14 Marks)
This unit in maths syllabus for class 12 combines algebra and geometry through vector and 3D geometry concepts. Students explore vectors, scalar and vector products, lines, and planes in three dimensions.
It develops visualization, spatial understanding, and problem-solving skills used in physics, engineering, and real-world applications.
| Chapter & No. | Topics Covered |
| Chapter 10: Vectors | • Scalars and vectors • Magnitude, direction • Direction cosines & ratios • Position vector • Addition & scalar multiplication • Dot product and cross product • Applications |
| Chapter 11: Three-Dimensional Geometry | • Direction cosines & ratios of line • Equation of line (Cartesian & vector) • Skew lines, shortest distance • Angle between two lines • Equation of a plane • Angle between two planes, a line and a plane |
Unit V: Linear Programming (5 Marks)
This unit in class 12th mathematics syllabus introduces optimization problems using linear programming. Students learn to form linear inequalities, constraints, and objective functions, and solve them graphically.
It develops analytical skills and practical applications in business, economics, and resource management.
| Chapter & No. | Topics Covered |
| Chapter 12: Linear Programming | • Introduction, related terminology • Constraints, objective function • Feasible and infeasible regions • Graphical method of solution • Optimal feasible solutions |
Unit VI: Probability (8 Marks)
This unit in the mathematics syllabus of class 12 extends probability concepts from Class 11. Students study conditional probability, Bayes’ theorem, and independent events. These topics are vital for statistics, research, data analysis, and competitive exams.
| Chapter & No. | Topics Covered |
| Chapter 13: Probability | • Conditional probability • Multiplication theorem • Independent events • Total probability • Bayes’ theorem |
More Important Resources for CBSE Exam:
| CBSE Board: All details | CBSE Class 11 Commerce Subjects |
| CBSE Full Form | All about CBSE Class 11th |
| Class 11th Hornbill Syllabus |
Class 12th Mathematics Syllabus: Internal Assessment (20 Marks)
In addition to the 80 marks theory paper, CBSE has allocated 20 marks for internal assessment in Class 12 Mathematics. This ensures continuous evaluation through tests, projects, and lab activities.
| Component | Marks | Details |
| Periodic Tests | 10 | Best 2 out of 3 tests conducted during the academic year are considered. Tests include a balanced mix of very short, short, and long answer questions. |
| Mathematics Activities / Projects | 10 | Students must complete activities from the NCERT Mathematics Lab Manual. A proper record must be maintained. |
- Activities performed and record keeping: 5 marks
- Assessment during the year-end activity test: 3 marks
- Viva-voce on activities: 2 marks
Class 12 Maths Syllabus: Question Paper Design
The CBSE Class 12 Mathematics exam is conducted for 80 marks (3 hours). The paper tests conceptual clarity, application of formulas, problem-solving, and analytical skills across all six units.
Typology of Questions:
| Typology of Questions | Marks | Weightage | Description |
| Remembering & Understanding | 44 | 55% | Recall facts, definitions, theorems, and demonstrate understanding through explanation, comparison, and interpretation. |
| Applying | 20 | 25% | Use concepts, formulas, and techniques to solve problems in new situations. |
| Analysing, Evaluating & Creating | 16 | 20% | Break information into parts, evaluate solutions, draw inferences, and create new problem-solving approaches. |
| Total | 80 | 100% | – |
- No overall choice in the question paper, but 33% internal choice is provided across questions.
- No chapter-wise weightage – all chapters must be studied thoroughly.
- The paper will include a mix of very short, short, and long answer questions.
- Focus is on understanding, application, and higher-order problem-solving skills.
Objectives of CBSE Class 12 Mathematics Syllabus 2025-26
The CBSE Class 12 Mathematics syllabus 2025-26 aims to build a strong foundation for higher studies and competitive exams while developing logical and analytical abilities. The key objectives are:
- Conceptual Clarity: Understand advanced mathematical concepts in algebra, calculus, vectors, probability, and more.
- Application of Knowledge: Solve real-life and theoretical problems using multiple approaches.
- Problem-Solving Skills; Strengthen reasoning, analytical, and decision-making abilities.
- Preparation for Higher Studies: Provide a solid base for engineering, commerce, economics, and computer science courses.
- Logical & Critical Thinking: Encourage systematic and logical reasoning while proving results or solving problems.
- Visualization & Creativity: Develop the ability to visualize mathematical ideas and explore creative solutions.
- Confidence & Interest: Build a positive attitude toward mathematics and prepare for competitive exams like JEE, CUET, NDA, and more.
Tips to Prepare for CBSE Class 12th Maths Syllabus 2025-26
1. Start with NCERT Books
NCERT Maths Part I & II are your primary resources. Cover each example, exercise, and miscellaneous problem thoroughly, as most CBSE exam questions are based directly on NCERT.
2. Focus on Calculus
Calculus carries the maximum weightage (35 marks). Practice continuity, differentiability, integration, and differential equations regularly. Pay extra attention to applications like maxima, minima, and area under curves.
3. Maintain a Formula & Theorem Notebook
Prepare a dedicated notebook for formulas, theorems, and important results. Revise it daily to improve recall speed, especially in Algebra, Probability, and Trigonometry-based problems.
4. Practice Previous Year Papers
Solve at least the last 5–7 years’ CBSE papers and sample papers. This will familiarize you with the exam pattern, difficulty level, and frequently asked questions.
5. Work on Presentation
Write step-by-step solutions neatly with proper statements, formulas, and diagrams. Good presentation helps secure full marks, especially in long-answer and theorem-based questions.
6. Strengthen Weak Areas
Identify topics where you struggle, such as 3D Geometry or Probability, and practice additional questions. Seek help from teachers, peers, or reference books for better understanding.
7. Revise Regularly
Create a revision schedule before exams. Go through important topics like Integrals, Determinants, Probability, and Vectors multiple times to ensure accuracy and confidence.
8. Take Practicals Seriously
The 20 marks of internal assessment can boost your overall score. Complete all NCERT Maths Lab Manual activities, maintain a proper record file, and prepare for viva questions.
Check the latest CBSE Class 11 syllabus for all subjects below:
| Class 11th History Syllabus | Class 11th Chemistry Syllabus |
| Class 11th Legal Studies Syllabus | Class 11th Biology Syllabus |
| Class 11th Accountancy Syllabus | Class 11th Psychology Syllabus |
| Class 11th Entrepreneurship Syllabus | Class 11th Fine Arts Syllabus |
| Class 11th Business Studies Syllabus | Class 11th Sociology Syllabus |
| Class 11th Maths Syllabus | Class 11th Economics Syllabus |
| Class 11th Political Science Syllabus | Class 11th English Syllabus |
| Class 11th Physics Syllabus | Class 11th Hindi Syllabus |
| Class 11th Geography Syllabus | Class 11th Computer Science Syllabus |
| Class 11th Informatics Practices Syllabus | Class 11th Physical Education Syllabus |
| Class 11th Home Science Syllabus | Class 11th Sanskrit Syllabus |
Suggested Project Topics for CBSE Class 12 Math Syllabus
- Application of Matrices in Real Life: Use matrices to solve systems of equations in business, economics, or traffic flow.
- Exploring Probability in Daily Life: Conduct surveys or experiments with coins, dice, or cards and compare theoretical vs. experimental probability.
- Optimization Problems Using Linear Programming: Apply LPP to maximize profit or minimize cost in real-life business cases.
- Statistics from Real Data: Collect data (sports, rainfall, marks) and analyze using mean, variance, and standard deviation.
- Applications of Calculus in Economics: Demonstrate how maxima and minima are used in profit and cost analysis.
- Vector Analysis in Physics: Show how vectors are used in force analysis, velocity, or displacement.
- Graphical Study of Inverse Trigonometric Functions: Plot and compare graphs with trigonometric functions.
- Differential Equations in Real Life: Study population growth, cooling laws, or chemical reactions modeled by differential equations.
- Mathematics in Architecture: Explore the use of geometry, symmetry, and calculus in designing buildings.
- Application of Integrals: Calculate the area of irregular figures using integration techniques.
- Bayes’ Theorem in Decision Making: Use real-life examples like medical testing or weather forecasting.
- Golden Ratio and Fibonacci Sequence: Explore their occurrence in nature, art, and architecture.
Chapters in Class 12 Mathematics
There are total 13 chapters in class 12th maths syllabus, divided across 6 units.
Unit I: Relations and Functions
- Chapter 1. Relations and Functions
- Chapter 2. Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Unit II: Algebra
- Chapter 3. Matrices
- Chapter 4. Determinants
Unit III: Calculus
- Chapter 5. Continuity and Differentiability
- Chapter 6. Applications of Derivatives
- Chapter 7. Integrals
- Chapter 8. Applications of Integrals
- Chapter 9. Differential Equations
Unit IV: Vectors and Three-Dimensional Geometry
- Chapter 10. Vectors
- Chapter 11. Three-Dimensional Geometry
Unit V: Linear Programming
- Chapter 12. Linear Programming
Unit VI: Probability
- Chapter 13. Probability
Read the chapter-wise summaries of Class 11 English here:
FAQs About Class 12 Maths Syllabus
Internal assessment carries 20 marks, which include Periodic Tests (10 marks) and Mathematics Activities/Projects (10 marks).
There are 13 chapters, divided across six units, covering advanced topics in algebra, calculus, geometry, and probability.
Calculus carries the maximum weightage with 35 marks, making it the most important unit.
Yes, calculus is the largest unit and covers continuity, differentiability, integrals, applications of derivatives, applications of integrals, and differential equations.
The Probability unit carries 8 marks in the Class 12 Maths exam.
Yes, the entire Class 12 Mathematics syllabus is essential for JEE, CUET, NDA, and other competitive exams, especially Calculus, Algebra, and Probability.
Yes, Linear Programming (5 marks) is included, focusing on optimization problems solved graphically.
The exam duration is 3 hours.
Yes, Three-Dimensional Geometry is included with topics like equations of lines and planes, distance between skew lines, and angles between planes.
Important chapters include Integrals, Differential Equations, Probability, Matrices, Determinants, and Applications of Derivatives.
Generally, schools conduct three periodic tests, and the best two are considered for internal assessment.
Find detailed questions and answers from all chapters of English Class 11 now:
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