The CBSE Class 12th IP Syllabus 2025–26 builds real problem-solving skills through Python (with Pandas and NumPy), SQL, Computer Networks, and the Societal Impacts of technology.
Designed for practical learning, the Class 12 Informatics Practices syllabus blends theory with hands-on coding, data handling, and a project/viva component.
In this guide, you’ll find the unit-wise syllabus, practical list, exam pattern, and recommended books—plus preparation tips. Use it as your single reference to plan studies, finish the practical file on time, and score confidently in both theory and practicals.
Class 12 Informatics Practices Syllabus 2025-26: Overview
Find the overview of CBSE class 12th IP syllabus:
| Unit No. & Name | Marks |
| Unit 1: Data Handling using Pandas and NumPy | 25 |
| Unit 2: Database Query using SQL | 25 |
| Unit 3: Introduction to Computer Networks | 10 |
| Unit 4: Societal Impacts | 10 |
| Total (Theory) | 70 Marks |
| Practical Work (Lab, File, Project, Viva) | 30 Marks |
| Grand Total | 100 Marks |
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Download the complete Class 12 Informatics Practices Syllabus 2025–26 PDF for quick reference and structured exam preparation.
Class 12th Informatics Practices Syllabus 2025-26
Let’s discuss in detail the class XII informatics practices syllabus for CBSE/NCERT:
Unit 1: Data Handling using Pandas – I
This unit in the syllabus of class 12th informatics practices develops strong skills in Python data handling using Pandas and visualization with Matplotlib. Students learn how to create and manipulate Series and DataFrames, import/export data from CSV files, and use indexing, slicing, and Boolean operations.
They also practice drawing line plots, bar graphs, and histograms while customizing plots with labels, titles, and legends—an important foundation for real-world data analysis.
| Topics | Details |
| Python Libraries | • Introduction to Pandas and Matplotlib. |
| Series | • Creation from ndarray, dictionary, scalar value • Mathematical operations • head() and tail() • selection, indexing, slicing |
| DataFrames | • Creation from dictionary of Series, • List of dictionaries • Text/CSV files • Display and iteration. |
| DataFrame Operations | • Add, select, delete, rename rows/columns • Indexing with labels • Boolean indexing • head() and tail(). |
| Import/Export | • Handling CSV files – importing and exporting data. |
| Data Visualization | • Purpose of plotting, line plot, bar graph, histogram using Matplotlib. |
| Plot Customization | • Adding labels, titles, legends, and saving plots. |
Unit 2: Database Query using SQL
This unit in the class 12th syllabus for informatics practices strengthens database management and querying skills. Students revise concepts from Class 11 and advance into mathematical, text, and date functions.
They practice using aggregate functions with grouping, filtering, and ordering. Queries with GROUP BY, HAVING, ORDER BY and working with two tables using equi-joins are included. By mastering these skills, students become capable of performing powerful data manipulations and analysis with SQL.
| Topics | Details |
| Revision | • Review of database concepts and SQL commands from Class XI. |
| Mathematical Functions | • POWER() • ROUND() • MOD() |
| Text Functions | • UCASE()/UPPER() • LCASE()/LOWER() • MID()/SUBSTRING()/SUBSTR() • LENGTH() • LEFT() • RIGHT() • INSTR() • LTRIM() • RTRIM() • TRIM() |
| Date Functions | • NOW() • DATE() • MONTH() • MONTHNAME() • YEAR() • DAY() • DAYNAME() |
| Aggregate Functions | • MAX() • MIN() • AVG() • SUM() • COUNT() • COUNT(*) |
| Advanced Queries | • Use of GROUP BY, HAVING, ORDER BY. |
| Working with Tables | • Queries on two tables using equi-join. |
Unit 3: Introduction to Computer Networks
This unit in the CBSE class 12th IP syllabus 2025-26 explains how computers communicate in networks. Students learn about different types of networks (PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN), devices like routers and switches, and topologies such as star, bus, tree, and mesh.
They also explore the Internet, URLs, WWW, and its applications. Topics on websites, browsers, add-ons, plug-ins, and cookies prepare students to understand the digital infrastructure that powers everyday connectivity.
| Topics | Details |
| Networks | Introduction to networks and their importance. |
| Types of Networks | PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN – features and uses. |
| Network Devices | Modem, hub, switch, repeater, router, gateway. |
| Topologies | Star, Bus, Tree, Mesh topologies. |
| Internet Basics | Introduction to Internet, URL, WWW, applications (Web, Email, Chat, VoIP). |
| Websites | Website vs webpage, static vs dynamic, web server, hosting. |
| Browsers | Common browsers, settings, add-ons, plug-ins, cookies. |
Unit 4: Societal Impacts
This unit in the CBSE class 12th informatics practices syllabus builds awareness about the ethical, legal, and social impacts of technology. Students study digital footprints, communication etiquettes, data protection, and intellectual property rights.
They also learn about plagiarism, FOSS, cybercrimes, hacking, phishing, and Indian IT Act provisions. E-waste management and health concerns related to excessive technology use are emphasized, ensuring students become responsible, safe, and aware digital citizens.
| Topics | Details |
| Digital Footprint | Understanding online presence and risks. |
| Etiquettes | Net and communication etiquettes. |
| Data & IPR | Data protection, intellectual property rights, copyright, licensing, plagiarism, FOSS. |
| Cyber Safety | Cybercrime, cyber laws, hacking, phishing, cyberbullying, overview of Indian IT Act. |
| E-Waste | Hazards and safe management of electronic waste. |
| Health Concerns | Awareness about technology-related health issues. |
More Important Resources for CBSE Exam:
| CBSE Board: All details | CBSE Class 11 Commerce Subjects |
| CBSE Full Form | All about CBSE Class 11th |
| Class 11th Hornbill Syllabus |
CBSE Class 12 IP Syllabus 2025-26 – Practical Marks
| S.No. | Unit Name | Marks |
| 1 | Programs using Pandas and Matplotlib | 8 |
| 2 | SQL Queries | 7 |
| 3 | Practical File (minimum of 15 programs based on Pandas, 4 based on Matplotlib, and 15 SQL queries) | 5 |
| 4 | Project Work (using concepts learned in Class XI and XII) | 5 |
| 5 | Viva-Voce | 5 |
| Total | 30 Marks |
Class XII IP Project Work Guidelines
The Class 12 IP project aims to create a useful IT application by solving a real-world problem. Students should explore their surroundings—shops, businesses, schools, or communities—to understand how data is generated, stored, and managed.
- They can take CSV/database files, analyze the data using Python libraries (like Pandas, NumPy, Matplotlib), and generate charts for visualization.
- Students may build software applications for schools, local communities, or social good.
- Plagiarism and copyright violations must be strictly avoided; resources (data, images, etc.) must be referenced.
- Projects may be done individually or in groups of 2–3 students.
- Students should start projects at least 6 months before submission for proper completion.
Suggested Practicals for CBSE Class 12 IP Syllabus
Data Handling
| S.No. | Practical Task |
| 1 | Create a Pandas Series from a dictionary of values and a ndarray. |
| 2 | Given a Series, print all the elements that are above the 75th percentile. |
| 3 | Create a DataFrame of quarterly sales (item category, item name, expenditure). Group rows by category and print total expenditure per category. |
| 4 | Create a DataFrame for examination results and display row labels, column labels, data types of each column, and dimensions. |
| 5 | Filter out rows based on different criteria such as duplicate rows. |
| 6 | Importing and exporting data between Pandas and CSV files. |
Visualization
| S.No. | Practical Task |
| 1 | Given the school result data, analyze student performance on different parameters (e.g., subject-wise or class-wise). |
| 2 | For the DataFrames created above, analyze and plot appropriate charts with title and legend. |
| 3 | Take data of your interest from an open source (e.g., data.gov.in), aggregate and summarize it, then plot using different plotting functions of Matplotlib. |
Data Management (SQL Queries)
| S.No. | Practical Task |
| 1 | Create a student table with attributes – student id, name, and marks (student id as Primary Key). |
| 2 | Insert the details of a new student in the table. |
| 3 | Delete the details of a student in the table. |
| 4 | Use the SELECT command to get details of students with marks more than 80. |
| 5 | Find the minimum, maximum, sum, and average of marks in the student marks table. |
| 6 | Find the total number of customers from each country in the table (customer ID, Name, Country) using GROUP BY. |
| 7 | Write a SQL query to order the (student ID, marks) table in descending order of marks. |
Books for Class 12 Informatics Practices Syllabus
The official CBSE-prescribed book:
- NCERT Informatics Practices Textbook for Class XII
Reference Books (Optional):
- All-in-One Informatics Practices Class 12 (Arihant) – contains topic summaries, NCERT solutions, and sample papers.
- Educart IP Class 12 Question Bank – useful for practice with CBSE sample papers and PYQs.
Online Resources for Extra Practice
- Python & Pandas Practice: Kaggle Datasets: for hands-on coding and analysis.
- SQL Practice Platforms: W3Schools SQL: for interactive SQL queries.
Check the latest CBSE Class 11 syllabus for all subjects below:
| Class 11th History Syllabus | Class 11th Chemistry Syllabus |
| Class 11th Legal Studies Syllabus | Class 11th Biology Syllabus |
| Class 11th Accountancy Syllabus | Class 11th Psychology Syllabus |
| Class 11th Entrepreneurship Syllabus | Class 11th Fine Arts Syllabus |
| Class 11th Business Studies Syllabus | Class 11th Sociology Syllabus |
| Class 11th Maths Syllabus | Class 11th Economics Syllabus |
| Class 11th Political Science Syllabus | Class 11th English Syllabus |
| Class 11th Physics Syllabus | Class 11th Hindi Syllabus |
| Class 11th Geography Syllabus | Class 11th Computer Science Syllabus |
| Class 11th Informatics Practices Syllabus | Class 11th Physical Education Syllabus |
| Class 11th Home Science Syllabus | Class 11th Sanskrit Syllabus |
Objectives of Class 12th IP Syllabus 2025-26
- To strengthen Python skills using Pandas and Matplotlib for data analysis and visualization.
- To build competency in writing and executing SQL queries for effective data management.
- To understand the basics of computer networks and their role in communication.
- To develop awareness about digital footprints, cyber safety, and intellectual property rights.
- To encourage the ethical and responsible use of technology in daily life.
- To prepare students for real-world applications through projects, practical files, and viva.
- To equip learners with skills needed for higher studies and careers in IT, Data Science, and Business Analytics.
How to Prepare for CBSE Class 12 Informatics Practices Syllabus?
1. Focus on Python with Pandas & Matplotlib
Practice at least 1–2 programs daily. Revise how to create Series, DataFrames, and use methods like groupby(), mean(), sum(). Also, learn to create line, bar, and histogram plots with proper labels and legends.
2. Strengthen SQL Skills
Revise Class 11 basics and practice advanced queries from Class 12 like aggregate functions, joins, group by, having, and order by. Use a tool like MySQL Workbench to run queries practically.
3. Understand Networks Thoroughly
Prepare short notes on network types, devices, topologies, and Internet basics. Diagrams help in scoring here, so practice drawing simple network layouts.
4. Revise Societal Impacts Regularly
This unit is theory-heavy. Revise terms like digital footprint, plagiarism, IPR, cyber laws, and e-waste. Use real-world examples to remember better and make answers more impactful.
5. Prepare Your Practical File
Complete the required 15 Pandas programs, 4 Matplotlib programs, and 15 SQL queries. Ensure neat documentation with code, output, and explanations.
6. Start Project Work Early
Select a simple but meaningful project (like a school result analysis or expense tracker). Begin at least 5–6 months before submission to avoid last-minute rush.
7. Solve Sample Papers & PYQs
Attempt previous year CBSE sample papers and question banks to understand the marking scheme and improve speed + accuracy.
8. Balance Theory and Practical
Don’t neglect theory units (Networks, Societal Impacts). Prepare 1 hour of theory revision along with 1–2 hours of coding/SQL practice daily.
Read the chapter-wise summaries of Class 11 English here:
FAQs About Class 12 Informatics Practices Syllabus
The syllabus has four units: (1) Data Handling using Pandas & Matplotlib, (2) Database Query using SQL, (3) Computer Networks, and (4) Societal Impacts.
Theory exam carries 70 marks, and practical exam carries 30 marks, making a total of 100 marks.
The Class 12 IP syllabus covers Pandas, NumPy, and Matplotlib for data handling and visualization.
Students must include at least 15 SQL queries in their practical file.
Yes, students need to include 15 Pandas programs and 4 Matplotlib programs in their practical file.
Topics include mathematical, text, and date functions, aggregate functions, GROUP BY, HAVING, ORDER BY, and equi-joins across tables.
SQL carries 25 marks in theory and 7 marks in practicals.
Projects should solve a real-world problem, such as analyzing CSV data, building a result analysis tool, or creating an inventory tracker using Python and SQL.
Topics include network types (PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN), devices (router, switch, hub), topologies, Internet basics, websites, browsers, and cookies.
This unit includes digital footprints, cyber safety, intellectual property rights, plagiarism, FOSS, cybercrime, cyber laws, IT Act, e-waste, and health concerns.
Ensure your practical file is complete, project is meaningful, and practice programs + queries regularly. Prepare for viva by revising all practical work
Yes, IP is considered simpler and more practical, focusing on data handling, SQL, and societal impacts rather than deep programming concepts.
Yes, IP builds strong basics in data handling, databases, and coding, which are useful for careers in IT, data science, and business analytics.
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