The CBSE Class 12th syllabus plays a crucial role in helping students prepare effectively for board exams and entrance tests like JEE, NEET, CUET, CLAT, IPMAT, and more. Knowing the updated curriculum ensures focused preparation and clarity on what to study and how to plan revision.
The syllabus of Class 12 CBSE board includes detailed topics for all three streams-Science, Commerce, and Humanities—based on the latest guidelines. It also outlines internal assessments, practical work, and project components for each subject.
At Law Prep Tutorial, we have shared the complete subject-wise syllabus, marking scheme, and prescribed NCERT books to guide your preparation for the 2025–26 academic session.
Download CBSE Class 12th Syllabus PDF!
Get the complete and updated CBSE Class 12 syllabus 2025–26 PDF for all subjects — Science, Commerce, and Arts — in one place. Download official NCERT and CBSE syllabus files to plan your preparation effectively.
CBSE Class 12th Syllabus 2025-26
Find the detailed syllabus of class XII in CBSE board for all subjects below:
The CBSE Curriculum Framework 2025–26 focuses on developing students’ critical thinking, communication, and problem-solving abilities through a competency-based approach. It aligns with the National Education Policy (NEP 2020), ensuring conceptual understanding instead of rote learning.
The syllabus of Class 12th CBSE board for each subject integrates real-life applications, project-based learning, and analytical skill development.
The academic structure includes five main subjects—Language I (English or Hindi), Language II or Elective, and three core subjects from the chosen stream (Science, Commerce, or Humanities).
Additionally, students participate in co-scholastic areas like General Studies, Work Experience, and Health & Physical Education, which are graded separately. The class 12th syllabus also encourages the inclusion of skill-based subjects such as Artificial Intelligence, Yoga, Data Science, or Financial Literacy, helping students gain career-oriented knowledge along with academic excellence.
CBSE Class 12th Subjects: Overview
These are the CBSE class 12th subjects along with their assessment method:
| Subject Type | Examples / Options | Assessment Method |
| Language I (Core Subject) | English Core / Hindi Core | Reading, Writing, Literature, Listening & Speaking Skills |
| Language II / Elective Language | English Elective / Hindi Elective / Other Modern Indian Languages | Literature, Composition, Oral & Project Work |
| Main Subjects (Electives) | Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Mathematics, Accountancy, Business Studies, Economics, Political Science, History, Geography, Psychology, etc. | Theory Paper + Practical / Project / Viva |
| Optional Subject | Physical Education, Fine Arts, Computer Science, Informatics Practices, Applied Mathematics, Legal Studies, etc. | Practical/Project-based Evaluation |
| Skill Subject (Optional) | Artificial Intelligence, Data Science, Entrepreneurship, Yoga, Tourism, Fashion Studies, etc. | Practical, Hands-on, and Industry-linked Projects |
| Co-Scholastic Areas | General Studies, Work Experience, Health & Physical Education | Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation |
CBSE Class 12th Syllabus for Humanities (Arts)
The Class 12 Humanities syllabus helps students explore society, history, culture, and politics through subjects like History, Political Science, Geography, Sociology, Psychology, and Legal Studies.
It builds analytical and communication skills, preparing learners for careers in law, judiciary, civil services, journalism, social work, and higher education.
Political Science Syllabus
Find the highlights of the class 12th syllabus for politicial science:
| Part | Units/Content | Marks |
| Part A – Contemporary World Politics | Cold War Era, The End of Bipolarity, US Hegemony in World Politics, Alternative Centres of Power, Contemporary South Asia, International Organizations, Security in the Contemporary World, Globalization | 40 |
| Part B – Politics in India since Independence | Nation-Building and Its Problems, The Era of One-Party Dominance, Politics of Planned Development, India’s External Relations, Challenges to and Restoration of Congress System, Crisis of the Democratic Order, Rise of Regional Aspirations, Indian Politics: Recent Trends and Development, Democratic Resurgence | 40 |
| Project Work | One project activity | 20 |
| Total | – | 100 |
History Syllabus
Find the overview of class XII history syllabus for CBSE:
| Part | Themes | Marks |
| Part I – Themes in Indian History (Ancient India) | 1. Bricks, Beads and Bones: Harappan Civilisation 2. Kings, Farmers and Towns: Early States & Economies (c. 600 BCE–600 CE) 3. Kinship, Caste and Class: Early Societies (c. 600 BCE–600 CE) 4. Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings: Cultural Developments (c. 600 BCE–600 CE) | 25 |
| Part II – Themes in Indian History (Medieval India) | 5. Through the Eyes of Travellers: Perceptions of Society (c. 10th–17th centuries) 6. Bhakti-Sufi Traditions (c. 8th–18th centuries) 7. An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagar (c. 14th–16th centuries) 8. Peasants, Zamindars and the State: Agrarian Society & Mughal Empire (c. 16th–17th centuries) | 25 |
| Part III – Themes in Indian History (Modern India) | 9. Colonialism and the Countryside: Official Archives 10. Rebels and the Raj: 1857 Revolt 11. Mahatma Gandhi and the National Movement: Civil Disobedience and Beyond 12. Framing the Constitution: The Beginning of a New Era | 25 |
| Map Work (Related Themes) | — | 5 |
| Total (Theory) | — | 80 |
| Project Work / Internal Assessment | — | 20 |
| Grand Total | — | 100 |
Sociology Syllabus
Below is the highlights of class 12th syllabus for sociology:
| Part | Units | Marks |
| A. Indian Society | 1. Introducing Indian Society 2. The Demographic Structure of the Indian Society 3. Social Institutions – Continuity and Change 4. The Market as a Social Institution 5. Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion 6. The Challenges of Unity in Diversity | 32 |
| B. Change and Development in Indian Society | 7. Structural Change 8. Cultural Change 9. The Story of Indian Democracy 10. Change and Development in Rural Society 11. Change and Development in Industrial Society 12. Globalization and Social Change 13. Mass Media and Communications 14. Social Movements | 48 |
| Total (Theory) | 80 Marks | |
| Project Work | 20 Marks | |
| Grand Total | 100 Marks |
Geography Syllabus
Find the overview of CBSE class 12th geography syllabus:
| Book | Units / Chapters | Weightage (Marks) |
| Book 1 – Fundamentals of Human Geography | • Unit I: Human Geography (Ch-1) • Unit II: People (Ch-2, 3) • Unit III: Human Activities (Ch-4, 5, 6, 7, 8) • Map Work : World Political Map | 35 |
| Book 2 – India: People and Economy | • Unit I: People (Ch-1) • Unit II: Human Settlements (Ch-2) • Unit III: Resources and Development (Ch-3, 4, 5, 6) • Unit IV: Transport, Communication & Trade (Ch-7, 8) • Unit V: Issues & Problems (Ch-9) • Map Work: India Political Map | 35 |
| Book 3 – Practical Work in Geography – Part II | • Ch-1 Data: Its Source and Compilation • Ch-2 Data Processing • Ch-3 Graphical Representation of Data • Ch-4 Spatial Information Technology • Practical Record Book & Viva Voce | 30 |
| Total | 100 |
Fine Arts Syllabus
CBSE offers Fine Arts at the senior secondary level with four optional courses. Students must choose any one of the following:
- Painting (Code 049)
- Graphics (Code 050)
- Sculpture (Code 051)
- Applied Art – Commercial Art (Code 052)
| Part | Details | Marks |
| Theory | History of Indian Art (common for all four courses) | 30 |
| Practical | Varies as per chosen course (Painting/Graphics/Sculpture/Applied Art) | 70 |
| Total | 100 Marks | |
| Exam Duration | Theory – 2 Hours Practical – 6 Hours (3+3 with 1-hour break) | – |
Psychology Syllabus
Find the list of chapters in class 12th psychology syllabus:
| Units | Unit Name | Marks |
| I | Variations in Psychological Attributes | 13 |
| II | Self and Personality | 13 |
| III | Meeting Life Challenges | 9 |
| IV | Psychological Disorders | 12 |
| V | Therapeutic Approaches | 9 |
| VI | Attitude and Social Cognition | 8 |
| VII | Social Influence and Group Processes | 6 |
| Total (Theory) | 70 | |
| Practical / Project Work | 30 | |
| Grand Total | 100 |
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| CBSE Board: All details | CBSE Class 11 Commerce Subjects |
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| CBSE Class 11th Syllabus |
CBSE Class 12 Syllabus for Science
The Class 12 Science syllabus focuses on conceptual understanding and experimentation through Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Mathematics. It develops scientific reasoning, problem-solving, and research aptitude.
Ideal for students preparing for JEE, NEET, and other science-based careers, it combines theory with practical assessments for a strong academic foundation.
Physics Syllabus
There are total 14 chapters in class 12th physics syllabus:
- Electric Charges and Fields
- Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
- Current Electricity
- Moving Charges and Magnetism
- Magnetism and Matter
- Electromagnetic Induction
- Alternating Current
- Electromagnetic Waves
- Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
- Wave Optics
- Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
- Atoms
- Nuclei
- Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits
Chemistry Syllabus
Below is the overview of class 12th chemistry syllabus:
| Unit No. | Unit Name | Marks |
| I | Solutions | 7 |
| II | Electrochemistry | 9 |
| III | Chemical Kinetics | 7 |
| IV | d- and f-Block Elements | 7 |
| V | Coordination Compounds | 7 |
| VI | Haloalkanes and Haloarenes | 6 |
| VII | Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers | 6 |
| VIII | Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids | 8 |
| IX | Amines | 6 |
| X | Biomolecules | 7 |
| Total (Theory) | 70 | |
| Practical | Experiments, Salt Analysis, Volumetric Analysis, Project, Viva | 30 |
| Grand Total | 100 |
Biology Syllabus
Below is the overview of class 12th biology syllabus:
| Unit No. | Unit Name | Marks |
| I | Reproduction | 14 |
| II | Genetics and Evolution | 18 |
| III | Biology and Human Welfare | 14 |
| IV | Biotechnology and Its Applications | 10 |
| V | Ecology and Environment | 14 |
| Total (Theory) | 70 | |
| Practical | Experiments, Spotting, Slide Preparation, Viva, Record, Project | 30 |
| Grand Total | 100 |
Mathematics Syllabus
The CBSE Class 12 Mathematics syllabus 2025-26 is designed to strengthen logical reasoning, analytical ability, and problem-solving skills. The exam pattern includes 80 marks theory and 20 marks internal assessment, making a total of 100 marks. Each unit has specific weightage, with Calculus carrying the maximum marks.
| Unit No. | Unit Name | Marks |
| I | Relations and Functions | 8 |
| II | Algebra | 10 |
| III | Calculus | 35 |
| IV | Vectors and Three-Dimensional Geometry | 14 |
| V | Linear Programming | 5 |
| VI | Probability | 8 |
| Total | – | 80 |
Computer Science Syllabus
Below is the list of chapters in class 12th computer science syllabus:
| Unit No. | Unit Name | Marks |
| 1 | Computational Thinking and Programming – 2 | 40 |
| 2 | Computer Networks | 10 |
| 3 | Database Management | 20 |
| — | Theory Total | 70 |
| 4 | Practical (Lab Work, Project, Viva, File) | 30 |
| — | Grand Total | 100 |
Informatics Practices Syllabus
Find the overview of CBSE class 12th IP syllabus:
| Unit No. & Name | Marks |
| Unit 1: Data Handling using Pandas and NumPy | 25 |
| Unit 2: Database Query using SQL | 25 |
| Unit 3: Introduction to Computer Networks | 10 |
| Unit 4: Societal Impacts | 10 |
| Total (Theory) | 70 Marks |
| Practical Work (Lab, File, Project, Viva) | 30 Marks |
| Grand Total | 100 Marks |
Check the latest CBSE Class 11 syllabus for all subjects below:
CBSE Class XII Syllabus for Commerce
The Class 12 Commerce syllabus builds business, financial, and economic understanding through Accountancy, Business Studies, Economics, and Applied Mathematics.
It emphasizes analytical and decision-making skills, preparing students for careers in management, finance, entrepreneurship, and commerce-related fields, as well as competitive exams like CUET, CA, and CS Foundation.
Accountancy Syllabus
Find the overview of class 12th accounting syllabus for CBSE and NCERT:
| Parts & Units | Topics Covered | Marks |
| Part A: Accounting for Partnership Firms and Companies | 60 | |
| Unit 1: Accounting for Partnership Firms | Partnership deed, fixed vs fluctuating capital, P&L Appropriation A/c, goodwill valuation, admission, retirement, death, reconstitution, dissolution of firms | 36 |
| Unit 2: Accounting for Companies | Share capital (issue, forfeiture, reissue, disclosure), debentures (issue, redemption, interest, collateral security) | 24 |
| Part B: Financial Statement Analysis | 20 | |
| Unit 3: Analysis of Financial Statements | Meaning, objectives, tools (comparative, common-size, ratio analysis), accounting ratios (liquidity, solvency, activity, profitability) | 12 |
| Unit 4: Cash Flow Statement | Preparation of Cash Flow Statement as per AS-3 (Indirect Method) | 8 |
| OR | ||
| Part B: Computerised Accounting | 20 | |
| Unit 4: Computerised Accounting | Features, structure, software packages, spreadsheet applications, using CAS for reports, ratio analysis, and security features | 20 |
| Part C: Project Work | Project File (12 marks) + Viva Voce (8 marks) | 20 |
| Grand Total | Theory (80 Marks) + Project/Practical (20 Marks) | 100 |
Business Studies Syllabus
Below is the quick overview of class 12th BST syllabus 2025-26 for CBSE and NCERT:
| Part | Units Covered | Marks |
| Part A: Principles and Functions of Management | 1. Nature and Significance of Management 2. Principles of Management 3. Business Environment 4. Planning 5. Organising 6. Staffing 7. Directing 8. Controlling | 50 |
| Part B: Business Finance and Marketing | 9. Financial Management 10. Financial Markets 11. Marketing Management 12. Consumer Protection | 30 |
| Part C: Project Work | One project based on CBSE guidelines | 20 |
| Total | — | 100 |
Economics Syllabus
Find the quick overview of CBSE class 12th economics syllabus:
| Part / Units | Topics Covered | Marks |
| Part A: Introductory Macroeconomics | 40 | |
| Unit 1 | National Income and Related Aggregates – concepts, methods, GDP, NDP, GNP, welfare | 10 |
| Unit 2 | Money and Banking – functions of money, supply, credit creation, RBI functions | 6 |
| Unit 3 | Determination of Income and Employment – AD, AS, multiplier, equilibrium, unemployment | 12 |
| Unit 4 | Government Budget and the Economy – receipts, expenditure, deficits | 6 |
| Unit 5 | Balance of Payments – meaning, components, exchange rate, types | 6 |
| Part B: Indian Economic Development | 40 | |
| Unit 6 | Development Experience (1947–90) and Economic Reforms since 1991 | 12 |
| Unit 7 | Current Challenges facing Indian Economy – human capital, rural development, employment, sustainable development | 20 |
| Unit 8 | Development Experience of India – A Comparison with Neighbours (China & Pakistan) | 8 |
| Part C: Project Work | One project on an economic issue, with viva-voce | 20 |
Legal Studies Syllabus
Find the overview of legal studies syllabus for class 12th CBSE:
| Units | Unit Name | Marks |
| I | Judiciary | 8 |
| II | Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) | 8 |
| III | Topics in Law I (Business Laws) | 20 |
| IV | Topics in Law II (General Laws) | 10 |
| V | Human Rights | 10 |
| VI | International Law | 8 |
| VII | Legal Profession in India | 8 |
| VIII | Legal Services | 8 |
| Total (Theory) | 80 | |
| Project Work / Internal Assessment | 20 | |
| Grand Total | 100 |
Entrepreneurship Syllabus
Find the overview of CBSE class 12th entrepreneurship syllabus:
| Unit No. | Unit Name | Marks |
| Unit 1 | Entrepreneurial Opportunity | 30 |
| Unit 2 | Entrepreneurial Planning | |
| Unit 3 | Enterprise Marketing | 20 |
| Unit 4 | Enterprise Growth Strategies | |
| Unit 5 | Business Arithmetic | 20 |
| Unit 6 | Resource Mobilization | |
| Theory Total | 70 | |
| Project Work | Two Projects (Business Plan & Market Survey) | 30 |
| Grand Total | 100 |
Class 12 CBSE Board Syllabus for English
The CBSE Class 12 English syllabus improves language proficiency, critical reading, and creative expression.
Divided into Reading, Writing, and Literature sections, it uses NCERT books Flamingo and Vistas to enhance comprehension and communication skills—essential for higher studies, professional communication, and competitive exams requiring strong verbal ability.
| Section | Component | Details |
| A | Reading Skills | Tests comprehension, inference, vocabulary, and analysis through unseen passages |
| Unseen Passage | 400–500 words (factual, descriptive, or literary) – 12 MCQs or short questions | |
| Case-based Factual Passage | Based on data/charts (200–250 words) – tests interpretation and evaluation | |
| Focus: | Practice reading editorials, reports, and literary extracts to enhance speed & comprehension | |
| B | Creative Writing Skills | Assesses structured, clear, and creative expression |
| Notice Writing | Up to 50 words; must follow proper format and clarity | |
| Formal/Informal Invitation & Reply | Up to 50 words (e.g., weddings, official or personal invites) | |
| Letter Writing | 120–150 words — job application with resume, or letter to the editor on social issues | |
| Article/Report Writing | 120–150 words; analytical or descriptive writing based on input | |
| Focus: | Logical flow, factual accuracy, and grammar accuracy | |
| C | Literature Textbook & Supplementary Reader | Based on Flamingo and Vistas prescribed by NCERT |
| Flamingo (Prose) | The Last Lesson, Lost Spring, Deep Water, The Rattrap, Indigo, Poets and Pancakes, The Interview, Going Places | |
| Flamingo (Poetry) | My Mother at Sixty-Six, Keeping Quiet, A Thing of Beauty, A Roadside Stand, Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers | |
| Vistas (Supplementary Reader) | The Third Level, The Tiger King, Journey to the End of the Earth, The Enemy, On the Face of It, Memories of Childhood (The Cutting of My Long Hair / We Too Are Human Beings) | |
| Question Types | Extract-based, Short Answer (40–50 words), and Long Answer (120–150 words) | |
| Internal Assessment | Listening, Speaking & Project Work | Listening – 5 marks; Speaking – 5 marks; Project – 10 marks |
| Total Marks | — | Theory (80) + Internal (20) |
Class 12 CBSE Syllabus for Hindi
The Class 12 Hindi syllabus strengthens students’ command of Hindi language and literature through prose, poetry, and creative writing.
It encourages appreciation of Indian culture, improves grammar and vocabulary, and builds analytical writing skills—helpful for careers in teaching, journalism, translation, and various Hindi-based professional fields.
Below is the CBSE class 12th Hindi syllabus overview:
| खंड | विषय / विवरण | अंक |
| खंड–क (अपठित बोध) | 1. अपठित गद्यांश (लगभग 250 शब्दों का) – बहुविकल्पीय, अति लघु उत्तरीय और लघु उत्तरीय प्रश्न 2. अपठित पद्यांश (लगभग 100 शब्दों का) – सराहना, सौंदर्य, चिंतन आधारित प्रश्न | 18 |
| खंड–ख (अभिव्यक्ति और माध्यम – पाठ्यपुस्तक आधारित) | 3. रचनात्मक लेखन (निबंध – लगभग 120 शब्द) – 1 प्रश्न 4. पाठ संख्या 3, 4, 5, 11, 12 और 13 पर आधारित लघु व दीर्घ उत्तरीय प्रश्न | 22 |
| खंड–ग (आरोह भाग–2 एवं वितान भाग–2 आधारित) | 5. पठन काव्यांश पर आधारित बहुविकल्पीय प्रश्न (5×1) 6. काव्य खंड पर आधारित प्रश्न (60 शब्दों में) 7. काव्य खंड पर आधारित प्रश्न (40 शब्दों में) 8. पठन गद्यांश पर आधारित बहुविकल्पीय प्रश्न (5×1) 9. गद्य खंड पर आधारित प्रश्न (60 शब्दों में) 10. गद्य खंड पर आधारित प्रश्न (40 शब्दों में) 11. वितान के पाठों पर आधारित प्रश्न (60 शब्दों में) | 40 |
| आंतरिक मूल्यांकन | 12. (अ) श्रवण तथा वाचन – 10 अंक 13. (ब) परियोजना कार्य – 10 अंक | 20 |
| कुल अंक | 100 |
Syllabus for Class 12th Vocational / Skill Subjects
CBSE’s Class 12 vocational syllabus introduces students to industry-relevant skills in areas like Artificial Intelligence, Data Science, Tourism, Yoga, and Financial Markets. It combines classroom learning with hands-on projects, internships, and practicals, helping students gain employability and career readiness in both traditional and emerging professional sectors.
Read the chapter-wise summaries of Class 11 English here:
CBSE Class 12 Exam Pattern 2025–26
The CBSE Class 12 exam pattern 2025–26 follows a balanced structure that evaluates both theoretical knowledge and practical understanding. Each subject carries 100 marks, divided into 80 marks for theory and 20 marks for internal assessment (practicals, projects, orals, and assignments).
The question papers include a mix of objective, short answer, and long answer questions. As per CBSE’s revised guidelines, around 40% of the paper will test competency-based and analytical skills, 30% will assess application and understanding, and the remaining 30% will focus on recall and basic concepts.
Internal assessments include listening and speaking skills for languages, practicals for Science subjects, and projects or case studies for Commerce and Humanities. The overall evaluation promotes critical thinking, creativity, and conceptual clarity to prepare students for higher education and real-world applications.
| Component | Details |
| Total Marks per Subject | 100 Marks |
| Theory Exam | 80 Marks |
| Internal Assessment / Practical / Project | 20 Marks |
| Question Types | Objective (MCQs), Short Answer, Long Answer Questions |
| Competency-Based Questions | 40% of the paper (application & analysis-based) |
| Application/Understanding-Based Questions | 30% of the paper |
| Recall/Memory-Based Questions | 30% of the paper |
| Assessment in Languages | Reading, Writing, Listening, and Speaking Skills |
| Assessment in Science Subjects | Practical experiments, viva, and lab records |
| Assessment in Commerce/Humanities | Case studies, projects, and presentations |
| Passing Criteria | Minimum 33% in each subject (theory + internal combined) |
| Mode of Exam | Offline (Pen and Paper) |
| Exam Duration | 3 Hours (per subject) |
How to Prepare for CBSE Class 12 Syllabus Effectively?
1. Understand Class 12th Syllabus Thoroughly
Start your preparation by analyzing the CBSE Class 12th syllabus carefully. Break it into smaller topics and note the weightage of each unit. Understanding what to study and what’s excluded helps you prioritize high-scoring chapters and plan an effective, time-bound study schedule.
2. Follow Latest Syllabus for Accuracy
Make sure you study from the latest syllabus of Class 12th issued by CBSE for 2025–26. Many topics change or shift between sessions, so relying on outdated material can cost marks. Use the newest NCERT books and CBSE resources to stay completely aligned with the official framework.
3. Create a Realistic Study Plan
Divide your study hours smartly among all subjects. Allocate more time to subjects requiring conceptual clarity, like Physics or Accountancy. Include revision, mock tests, and short breaks to maintain consistency. A practical plan ensures you cover the entire syllabus without last-minute stress.
4. Practice Previous Year Papers and Sample Tests
Solving previous year question papers of Class 12th CBSE board helps you understand the exam pattern, marking scheme, and frequently asked topics. Practice at least one mock paper weekly to improve speed and accuracy. This builds confidence and familiarizes you with the type of questions from the board exam.
5. Focus on Conceptual Clarity, Not Rote Learning
CBSE exams test understanding, not memorization. Grasp the logic behind formulas, theories, and case studies. Use diagrams, flowcharts, and real-life examples to retain information better. Strong conceptual clarity ensures you can handle tricky application-based and competency-based questions easily.
6. Revise Regularly
Revision is key to success. Use the Class XII CBSE syllabus to check off completed chapters and track progress. Revise important definitions, formulas, and examples daily. Creating summary notes for each subject helps you recall key points quickly during the final preparation phase.
7. Take Care of Health and Rest
Adequate rest and balanced nutrition directly affect concentration and memory. Avoid long, tiring study sessions before the exam. Sleep at least 6–7 hours daily, stay hydrated, and include short meditation or walks to maintain focus and reduce exam anxiety.
CBSE Class 12 Syllabus PDF Download!
Get the complete and updated CBSE Class 12 syllabus 2025–26 PDF for all subjects — Science, Commerce, and Arts — in one place. Download official NCERT and CBSE syllabus files to plan your preparation effectively.
Objectives of Class 12th Syllabus for CBSE Board
- To develop conceptual understanding across all subjects and promote analytical thinking.
- To encourage competency-based learning instead of rote memorization.
- To align education with the National Education Policy (NEP 2020) framework.
- To strengthen students’ communication and problem-solving skills through activity-based learning.
- To ensure balanced assessment through theory, practicals, and internal evaluation.
- To connect academic learning with real-life applications and higher education goals.
- To promote research, innovation, and creativity in classroom learning.
- To introduce skill-based and vocational subjects that enhance employability and industry readiness.
- To help students build interdisciplinary understanding across Science, Commerce, and Humanities.
- To prepare learners for national-level entrance exams such as JEE, NEET, CUET, and CLAT.
- To inculcate ethical values, teamwork, and digital literacy in line with 21st-century learning skills.
- To evaluate students through a holistic assessment approach—covering academic and co-scholastic areas.
Find detailed questions and answers from all chapters of English Class 11 now:
FAQs About Syllabus of Class 12 CBSE Board
The CBSE Class 12th syllabus 2025–26 outlines all the subjects, units, and topics students must study for the academic year. It includes detailed marking schemes, practical components, and internal assessment guidelines for Science, Commerce, and Arts streams.
Yes, the Class 12th syllabus 2025–26 has been updated by CBSE. Some topics and chapters have been revised to align with the competency-based education model. Students should refer only to the latest syllabus released by the CBSE Academic website.
Yes, the NCERT Class 12 syllabus is the foundation of the CBSE curriculum. CBSE prescribes NCERT books for all core subjects, ensuring uniformity in education across all affiliated schools.
Start by studying the CBSE Class 12th syllabus thoroughly. Create a study plan, focus on conceptual understanding, practice previous year papers, and revise regularly using the latest syllabus and marking scheme.
Internal assessment is a crucial part of the CBSE Class 12th syllabus, contributing 20 marks to each subject. It includes projects, practicals, listening and speaking tests, or viva depending on the subject.
Always study from NCERT Class 12 books, as they are officially prescribed under the CBSE Class 12 syllabus. These books cover every topic mentioned in the syllabus and are ideal for both board and entrance exam preparation.
No major reduction has been announced yet in the Class 12 syllabus 2025–26. However, some topics have been updated for better alignment with NEP 2020 and competency-based education.
For subjects like Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Computer Science, practical exams are a part of the CBSE Class 12th syllabus. They are conducted internally under school supervision, followed by a viva-voce and lab record evaluation.
As per the Class XII CBSE syllabus, students must score at least 33% marks in both theory and internal assessment combined for each subject to pass the board exam.
To score 90+, follow the CBSE Class 12th syllabus strictly, study from NCERT books, practice all sample papers, revise regularly, and maintain concise notes for quick revision. Consistent practice and clarity of concepts are key.
Yes, the Class 12 CBSE syllabus forms the base for major entrance exams like JEE, NEET, CUET, and CLAT. Covering the NCERT books thoroughly gives students a solid conceptual foundation for these tests.
In the CBSE Class 12th syllabus, English Core focuses on communication and comprehension skills, while English Elective includes advanced literary analysis and creative writing for students interested in language studies.
Absolutely. Both regular and private students must prepare according to the CBSE Class 12th syllabus 2025–26 since the same framework and marking criteria apply to all candidates.
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