17 June 2025 Current Affairs (With PDF)

Stay updated with 17 June 2025 Current Affairs on this page! We bring you the most relevant and important news updates from around the world and India, specially curated for competitive exams and different entrance exams. Today's Current Affairs cover all significant national and international headlines, legal updates, economic news, and environmental highlights to boost your preparation. With our crisp, to-the-point coverage, you can confidently tackle current affairs questions in your exams. 

Iran–Israel Conflict Escalates

What Happened?

• Iran launched ‘Operation True Promise 3’ in response to Israel’s ‘Operation Rising Lion’, which targeted critical Iranian nuclear and military assets. This marks a significant escalation in tensions between the two long-standing adversaries.

Root Causes of the Conflict:

1. Historical Background:

• Pre-1979: Iran and Israel maintained friendly ties.
• Post-1979: After the Islamic Revolution, Iran became a theocratic state and adopted a strong anti-Israel ideology, cutting diplomatic ties.

2. Iran’s Nuclear Programme:

• Iran’s uranium enrichment to 60% purity-as reported by the IAEA-breaches the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT).
• Israel sees a nuclear-armed Iran as a direct existential threat.
• Attempts by the U.S. and other global powers to revive a nuclear deal have stalled, increasing regional tensions.

3. Proxy Conflicts:

• Iran is accused of arming and funding militant groups such as: Hezbollah in Lebanon and Hamas in Gaza
• These groups have frequently clashed with Israel, escalating hostilities beyond borders.

Broader Impacts of the Escalation:

1. Regional Destabilization:

• Conflict may spill into neighboring areas like Lebanon and Gaza, drawing more actors into the crisis.

2. Global Trade Disruptions:

• The Strait of Hormuz and Red Sea, vital maritime routes, could see blockades or attacks.
• This would affect global shipping lanes and supply chains, especially for oil.

3. Energy Security Risks:

• India, among others, relies heavily on oil passing through the Strait of Hormuz.
• Any disruption could raise crude prices and impact domestic energy policies.

4. Connectivity Challenges:

• Airlines and shipping vessels may have to take longer routes to avoid conflict zones.
• Strategic initiatives like the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) and International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC) could face delays or rerouting.

5. India’s Diplomatic Dilemma:

• Chabahar Port in Iran-a key part of India’s regional outreach-may face operational hurdles.
• India will have to carefully balance its relations with both Iran and Israel amid rising tensions.

RBI Grants NBFC Licence to Flipkart

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has approved a Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC) licence for Flipkart, allowing the e-commerce giant to directly provide credit services. With this move, Flipkart can now extend loans not just to consumers but also to sellers on its platform via its fintech application ‘super.money’.

Significance of This Development:

1. Until now, e-commerce platforms like Flipkart partnered with banks or NBFCs to offer credit services.

2. With its own NBFC, Flipkart can:

• Provide instant credit to buyers during purchases.
• Support working capital and business loans for sellers.
• Strengthen its presence in the digital lending and fintech space.

What is an NBFC?

1. Definition:

• An NBFC is a financial institution registered under the Companies Act, 1956 or 2013, but does not hold a banking license.

2. Core Functions:

• Provide loans and advances
• Invest in shares, bonds, debentures, and government securities
• Offer financial services like leasing and hire purchase

3. What NBFCs Cannot Do:

• Engage in agriculture or industrial activity
• Buy/sell physical goods or provide non-financial services
• Deal in real estate transactions

4. Regulatory Framework:

• NBFCs are regulated by the RBI under the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934
• However, they are not allowed to perform all functions that banks can

NBFCs vs. Banks – Key Differences:

Economic Role of NBFCs:

• GDP Contribution (2023): 12.6%
• Consumer Durable Lending Share (2023): ~61%
• Credit Growth (FY25): Outpaced commercial banks (as per Boston Consulting Group)

NBFCs have become crucial players in India’s credit landscape, especially in sectors like consumer finance, MSMEs, and rural credit.

Broader Impact of Flipkart’s Entry into Lending:

• Fintech Expansion: Strengthens Flipkart’s reach in financial services and digital lending.
• Consumer Empowerment: Easier access to credit for online shoppers.
• Competition: Raises the bar for other e-commerce platforms and fintech players.

Preventive Detention Is Not a Substitute for Bail Cancellation: Supreme Court

Why in News?

• In the case Dhanya M vs. State of Kerala & Others, the Supreme Court (SC) struck down a preventive detention order issued under the Kerala Anti-Social Activities (Prevention) Act, 2007, clarifying that preventive detention cannot be used as a shortcut when bail has already been granted.

Key Takeaways from the Judgment:

• The Court stressed the difference between ‘law and order’ and ‘public order’, referencing earlier decisions in:

- SK Nazneen v. State of Telangana (2023)
- Nenavath Bujji v. State of Telangana (2024)

• Core Principle: Preventive detention is valid only when an individual's actions threaten public order, not merely disturb law and order in isolated incidents.
• In Dhanya’s case, the authorities failed to justify the detention under the required public order criteria—making the use of preventive detention unconstitutional.

What is Preventive Detention?

1. Constitutional Backing:

Article 22(3) of the Constitution permits preventive detention for reasons such as:

• National security
• Public order
• Foreign affairs

2. Safeguards Against Misuse:

• Duration Limit: No detention beyond 3 months unless approved by an Advisory Board.
• Right to Know: Detainees must be informed of the reasons as early as possible.
• Right to Representation: Detainees must be given a fair chance to challenge the detention.

Important Supreme Court Judgments on Preventive Detention:

India’s Wind Energy Capacity Surges to 51.5 GW

On Global Wind Day 2025 (celebrated on June 15), the Union Minister for New and Renewable Energy announced that India’s total renewable energy capacity has reached 226.74 GW, marking a 17.13% year-on-year growth. Notably, wind energy capacity has increased by over 10.5%, reaching 51.5 GW.

India’s Wind Power - Global and National Context:

1. Growth Journey:

• 2014: 21.04 GW
• 2025 (May): 51.5 GW
• India has more than doubled its wind capacity in the past decade.

2. Global Standing:

• 4th largest in terms of installed wind power capacity.
• 3rd largest overall renewable energy producer globally.

3. Renewable Mix:

• Wind power is India’s second-largest renewable energy source, following solar energy, which itself grew 31.49% year-on-year.

4. Leading Wind Energy States:

• Gujarat
• Maharashtra
• Karnataka
• Tamil Nadu
• Andhra Pradesh

Government Initiatives Promoting Wind Energy:

1. Centralized Data Collection and Coordination (CCDC) Initiative:

• Enhances wind resource mapping.
• Helps in identifying high-potential zones for wind projects.

2. National Wind-Solar Hybrid Policy (2018):

• Promotes grid-connected hybrid projects.
• Ensures efficient land use and optimal power output.

3. Viability Gap Funding (VGF) Scheme for Offshore Wind:

• Supports offshore wind energy in line with the National Offshore Wind Energy Policy, 2015.
• Aims to bridge the cost gap and attract private sector investment.

4. Other Supportive Policies:

• Green Energy Open Access Rules (2022): Improves access to renewable power.
• Renewable Energy Purchase Obligation (RPO): Mandates specific quotas for renewable energy consumption.

Key Challenges in India’s Wind Power Sector:

1. Infrastructure Constraints:

• Grid instability due to irregular supply.
• Lack of adequate transmission infrastructure and proper evacuation mechanisms in remote locations.

2. Financial Barriers:

• High minimum project sizes and initial capital requirements.
• Tariff fluctuations create uncertainty, making investment risky.

3. Technical and Logistical Hurdles:

• Installation and maintenance of turbines is complex.
• Transportation of large equipment to rural or hilly terrain is costly and time-consuming.

Comptroller and Auditor General of India

The CAG of India has established a dedicated audit unit focused on examining the finances and performance of Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) managed by state governments. This step is aimed at enhancing transparency and accountability in state-run enterprises.

About CAG:

1. Constitutional Backing:

• The CAG is appointed under Article 148 of the Constitution by the President of India.
• The CAG is ineligible for further appointment in either the Union or any State Government once the term ends.

2. Tenure and Removal:

• Serves for 6 years or until the age of 65, whichever is earlier.
• Can be removed by the President following the same procedure as that of a Supreme Court judge, ensuring independence.

3. Legal Framework:

• The powers and functions of the CAG are defined under the CAG (Duties, Powers and Conditions of Service) Act, 1971.

Key Functions of the CAG:

• Audits public expenditure only after it has been incurred-not before.
• Prepares audit reports on:

- Union and State finances
- Government-run schemes and projects
- Public sector undertakings

• Submits reports to the President or Governor, which are then laid before the Parliament or State Legislature.

Parliamentary Oversight:

1. CAG’s findings are examined by the Public Accounts Committee (PAC), which scrutinizes:

• Financial irregularities
• Misuse or diversion of funds
• Delays or failures in implementation of government programs

2. CAG reports often serve as the basis for investigations by agencies like CBI or ED, especially in corruption or mismanagement cases.

DNA Profiling in Identification of Victims

In the aftermath of the Air India Flight AI-171 crash, forensic experts at Ahmedabad Civil Hospital are using DNA profiling to identify victims whose bodies are unrecognizable.

What is DNA Profiling?

• Also known as DNA fingerprinting, it is a scientific method used to identify individuals based on their unique genetic makeup. This technique plays a crucial role in forensics, disaster victim identification, criminal investigations, and paternity testing.

Key Techniques in DNA Profiling:

1. Short Tandem Repeat (STR) Analysis:

• Examines repeating sequences of DNA found in the nucleus.
• STRs vary greatly among individuals, making them highly useful for matching DNA profiles.
• Most commonly used method in modern forensic labs.

2. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Analysis:

• Used when nuclear DNA is degraded or insufficient.
• mtDNA is found in the cell’s mitochondria, and is passed only through the mother.
• Enables identification by matching with maternal relatives.

3. Y-Chromosome STR Analysis:

• Analyzes DNA sequences on the Y chromosome, inherited father to son.
• Effective for identifying male victims and tracing paternal lineage.

4. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs):

• Targets single-letter changes in the DNA sequence.
• Useful when DNA is highly degraded.
• Matches can be made with DNA from personal items like combs, razors, or toothbrushes.

Importance of DNA Profiling in Disaster Scenarios:

• Essential when bodies are burned, mutilated, or decomposed.
• Provides accurate and scientific identification.
• Helps authorities in returning remains to families, issuing death certificates, and conducting legal proceedings.

DGCA Orders Enhanced Checks on Boeing 787 Aircraft

The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) has directed extended surveillance of 34 Boeing 787 aircraft currently operating in India. This move aims to ensure strict adherence to safety and maintenance standards.

About DGCA:

1. What is DGCA?

The Directorate General of Civil Aviation is India’s primary aviation regulator, overseeing:

• Civil air transport operations
• Aircraft airworthiness
• Passenger safety regulations
• Pilot licensing
• Air traffic standards

2. Ministry Involved:

• Functions as an attached office under the Ministry of Civil Aviation, Government of India.

3. DGCA’s Global Role:

• Acts as the liaison body between India and the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
• Ensures India's aviation standards comply with international norms.

About ICAO:

• A United Nations specialized agency.
• Promotes global cooperation among 193 member countries for safe and orderly air transport.
• Headquarters: Montreal, Canada

(Note: DGCA HQ is in New Delhi, India.)

World Test Championship (WTC): South Africa Wins 2023–25 Edition

In a major cricketing milestone, South Africa clinched the World Test Championship (WTC) title (2023–25) by defeating defending champions Australia at Lord’s Cricket Ground, England.

About the World Test Championship (WTC):

1. Launch & Format:

• Introduced in August 2019 by the International Cricket Council (ICC) to bring context and competitiveness to Test cricket.
• Each WTC cycle spans two years and concludes with a final between the top two teams on the points table.

2. Eligible Teams:

• The competition features the top nine teams based on the MRF Tyres ICC Test Rankings.

How the WTC Works:

1. Match Structure:

• Each team plays six Test series - three at home and three away.
• Each series must have a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 5 Tests.

2. Points System:

• Each series offers a total of 120 points, regardless of the number of matches.
• Points are divided equally across matches in the series.

- For example, in a 4-match series: each match is worth 30 points.
- A draw or tie results in fewer points being awarded to both sides.

Objective of the WTC:

• Encourage consistency in the longest format of the game.
• Make Test matches more competitive and meaningful.
• Ultimately crown a world champion of Test cricket every two years.

Fun Fact:

• The inaugural WTC Final (2019–21) was won by New Zealand, while the 2021–23 title went to Australia.
• South Africa’s 2023–25 win marks their first WTC title.

UNOC3 – United Nations Ocean Conference 2025

The Third United Nations Ocean Conference (UNOC3) concluded in Nice, France, with world leaders adopting the "Nice Ocean Action Plan" — a significant step toward protecting marine ecosystems.

Co-hosted by: France and Costa Rica

Key Outcomes: Nice Ocean Action Plan:

1. Support for SDG 14 (Life Below Water):

• The Action Plan offers a global strategy to achieve SDG 14, which focuses on: Conservation and sustainable use of oceans, seas, and marine resources.
• Recognized as the least-funded Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), SDG 14 needs urgent financial and policy attention.

2. Tackling Plastic Pollution:

• Countries reaffirmed their commitment to develop a legally binding international treaty to combat plastic pollution, both in oceans and on land.
• This aligns with ongoing global negotiations under the UN Environment Programme (UNEP).

3. Climate Change & Ocean Health:

The declaration calls for global cooperation to:

• Reduce the impacts of climate change, ocean warming, and acidification.
• Protect coastal communities that depend on healthy marine ecosystems for their survival and livelihood.

Why UNOC3 Matters:

1. Oceans cover over 70% of the Earth's surface and are critical to:

• Climate regulation
• Biodiversity preservation
• Global food security

2. UNOC3 serves as a platform to mobilize political will, scientific knowledge, and financial resources toward protecting marine environments.

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